Análise de parcimônia de endemismo de membracídeos neotropicais (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Hoplophorionini)

Goldani, Ângela; Ferrari, Augusto; Carvalho, Gervásio Silva; Creão-Duarte, Antônio José

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752002000600019

Resumo

The Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) consists in an important tool of the historical biogeography which has the purpose of detecting distribution patterns of organisms and the relationships among areas of endemism. Insect distribution data included in Membracidae-Hoplophorionini occurring in the American Continent were used in the present research in order to establish the relationships among eight predetermined areas of endemism which are: 1) Mexico, 2) Greater Antilles, 3) Central America, 4) North Andes, 5) Central Andes, 6) South Andes, 7) Amazon, e 8) South East Brazil. The data matrix was based on the presence (coded as 1) and abscence (0) of taxa in the areas. The analysis was performed with the use of computer program Hennig86 (Farris 1988) applying the comands ie (implicit enumeration), and xs w (successive weighting). Resulted in the cladogram (A2,((A6,(A1 ,(A3,(A4,A5)))),(A7,A8))) with 236 steps, consistency index = 0.94 and retention index = 0.86. Areas 7 and 8 follow a subtropical and tropical vegetation pattern made up respectively by pluvial forests and groves. The remaining areas (except 2) agree with mountainous vegetation of the Andes pattern and groves throughout the extention.

Biogeography; Neotropical region; distribution; areas of endemism; treehoppers

Análise de parcimônia de endemismo de membracídeos neotropicais (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Hoplophorionini)

Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity based on neotropicals treehoppers (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Hoplophorionini)

Ângela Goldani^I; Augusto Ferrari^I; Gervásio Silva Carvalho^I; Antônio José Creão-Duarte^II

^IFaculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Avenida Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

^IIDepartamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Campus I, 58059-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil

ABSTRACT

The Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) consists in an important tool of the historical biogeography which has the purpose of detecting distribution patterns of organisms and the relationships among areas of endemism. Insect distribution data included in Membracidae-Hoplophorionini occurring in the American Continent were used in the present research in order to establish the relationships among eight predetermined areas of endemism which are: 1) Mexico, 2) Greater Antilles, 3) Central America, 4) North Andes, 5) Central Andes, 6) South Andes, 7) Amazon, e 8) South East Brazil. The data matrix was based on the presence (coded as 1) and abscence (0) of taxa in the areas. The analysis was performed with the use of computer program Hennig86 (Farris 1988) applying the comands ie (implicit enumeration), and xs w (successive weighting). Resulted in the cladogram (A2,((A6,(A1 ,(A3,(A4,A5)))),(A7,A8))) with 236 steps, consistency index = 0.94 and retention index = 0.86. Areas 7 and 8 follow a subtropical and tropical vegetation pattern made up respectively by pluvial forests and groves. The remaining areas (except 2) agree with mountainous vegetation of the Andes pattern and groves throughout the extention.

Key words: Biogeography, Neotropical region, distribution, areas of endemism, treehoppers

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Recebido em 05.IX.2002; aceito em 29.XI.2002.

¹
Ávila-Pires, T.C.S. 1995. Lizards of Brazilian Amazônia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zool. Verh., Leiden, 299:1-706. [1-11;599-617]
Bisconti, M.; W. Landini; G. Bianucci; G. Cantalamessa; G. Carnevale; L. Ragaini & G. Valleri. 2001. Biogeografic relationships of the Galapagos terrestrial biota: parsimony analysis of endemicity based on reptiles, land birds and Scalesia land plants. Jour. Biogeogr. 28:495-510.
Cracraft, J. 1985. Historical biogeography and patterns of differentiation within the South American avifauna: Áreas of endemism. Ornithol. Monogr. 36:49-84.
______. 1991. Patterns of diversification within continental biotas: Hierarquical congruence among the areas of endemism of Australian vertebrates. Aust. Syst. Bot., Collingwood, 4:211-227.
Creão-Duarte, A.J. 1997. Novos Gêneros e Espécies de Hoplophorionini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Membracinae). Revta bras. Zool. 14(2):417-423.
Creão-Duarte, A.J. & A.M. Sakakibara. 1996a. Revisão do gênero Umbonia Burmeister (Homoptera, Membracidae, Membracinae, Hoplophorionini). Revta bras. Zool. 13(4):973-994.
______. 1996b. Revisão do gênero Potnia Stål (Homoptera, Membracidae, Membracinae, Hoplophorionini). Revta bras. Zool. 13(4):1001-1021.
______. 1997. Revisão de Alchisme Kirkaldy (Hemiptera, Membracinae, Hoplophorionini). Revta bras. Zool. 14(2):425-472.
Farris, J.S. 1988. Hennig86 reference. Version 1.5. New York, Published by the autor, Port Jefferson Station.
García-Barros, E.; P. Gurrea; M.J. Luciánez; J.M. Cano; M.L. Munguira; J.C. Moreno; H. Sainz; M.J. Sanz & J.C. Simón. 2002. Parsimony analysis of endemicity and its application to animal and plant geographical distributions in the Ibero-Balearic region (western Mediterranean). Jour. Biogeogr. 29:109-124.
Humphries, C.J. & L.R. Parenti. 1999. Cladistic biogeography. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, XI+187p.
Metcalf, Z.P. & V. Wade. 1965. General Catalogue of the Homoptera. A supplement to fascicle I-Membracidae of the General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Membracoidea. Sec. II. Raleigh, North Carolina State Univ, p. 745-1552.
Morrone, J.J. 1994. On the identification of areas of endemism. Syst. Biol. 43:438-441.
______. 2000. La importancia de los atlas biogeográficos para la conservación de la biodiversidad, p. 69-78. In: F. Martín-Piera, J.J. Morrone, A. Melic (Eds). Hacia um Proyecto CYTED Para el Inventario de la Diversidad Entomológica en Iberoamérica: Pribes 2000. Zaragoza, Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, 326p.
Morrone, J.J. & J.V. Crisci. 1995. Historical biogeography: introduction to methods. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 26:373-401.
Morrone, J.J. & C. Lopretto. 1995. Parsimony analysis of endemicity of freshwater Decapoda (Crustacea: Malacostraca) from southern South America. Neotropica 41(105-106):3-8.
Myers, A.A. 1991. How did Hawaii accumulate its biota? A test from the Amphipoda. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. Letts 1:24-29.
Nelson, G. 1969. The problem of historical biogeography. Syst. Zool. 18:243-246.
Nelson, G. & N. Platnick. 1981. Systematics and biogeography: cladistics and vicariance. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, XI+567p.
Platnick, N.I. 1991. On areas of endemism. Aust. Syst. Bot., Collingwood, 4:11-12.
Platnick, N.I. & G. Nelson. 1978. A method of analysis for historical biogeography. Syst. Zool. 27:1-16.
Posadas, P. 1996. Distributional patterns of vascular plants in Tierra del Fuego: a study applying Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE). Biogeographica 72:161-177.
Ron, S.R. 2000. Biogeografic area relationships of lowland Neotropical rainforest based on raw distributions of vertebrate groups. Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 71:379-402.
Rosen, B.R. & A.B. Smith. 1988. Tectonics from fossils? Analysis of reef-coral and sea-urchin distribution from late Cretaceous to Recent, using a new method. Gondwana and Tethys, p. 275-305. In: M.G. Audley-Charles & A. Hallam (Eds). Geological Society Special Publication 37. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 317p.
Rosen, B.R. 1988. From fossils to earth history: applied historical biogeography, p. 437-481. In: A.A. Myers & P.S. Gillers (Eds). Analytical Biogeography. London, Chapman & Hall, 578p.
Silva, J.M.C. & D.C. Oren. 1996. Application of parsimony analysis of endemicity in Amazonian biogeography: an example with primates. Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 59:427-437.
Vega, I.L.; O. A. Ayala; D.E. Organista & J.J. Morrone. 1999. Historical relationships of the Mexican cloud forests: a preliminary vicariance model applying Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity to vascular plant taxa. Jour. Biogeogr. 26:1299-1305.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
03 Jun 2009
Data do Fascículo
Dez 2002

Histórico

Aceito
29 Nov 2002
Recebido
05 Set 2002

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ¹
Ávila-Pires, T.C.S. 1995. Lizards of Brazilian Amazônia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zool. Verh., Leiden, 299:1-706. [1-11;599-617]

[2] Bisconti, M.; W. Landini; G. Bianucci; G. Cantalamessa; G. Carnevale; L. Ragaini & G. Valleri. 2001. Biogeografic relationships of the Galapagos terrestrial biota: parsimony analysis of endemicity based on reptiles, land birds and Scalesia land plants. Jour. Biogeogr. 28:495-510.

[3] Cracraft, J. 1985. Historical biogeography and patterns of differentiation within the South American avifauna: Áreas of endemism. Ornithol. Monogr. 36:49-84.

[4] ______. 1991. Patterns of diversification within continental biotas: Hierarquical congruence among the areas of endemism of Australian vertebrates. Aust. Syst. Bot., Collingwood, 4:211-227.

[5] Creão-Duarte, A.J. 1997. Novos Gêneros e Espécies de Hoplophorionini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Membracinae). Revta bras. Zool. 14(2):417-423.

[6] Creão-Duarte, A.J. & A.M. Sakakibara. 1996a. Revisão do gênero Umbonia Burmeister (Homoptera, Membracidae, Membracinae, Hoplophorionini). Revta bras. Zool. 13(4):973-994.

[7] ______. 1996b. Revisão do gênero Potnia Stål (Homoptera, Membracidae, Membracinae, Hoplophorionini). Revta bras. Zool. 13(4):1001-1021.

[8] ______. 1997. Revisão de Alchisme Kirkaldy (Hemiptera, Membracinae, Hoplophorionini). Revta bras. Zool. 14(2):425-472.

[9] Farris, J.S. 1988. Hennig86 reference. Version 1.5. New York, Published by the autor, Port Jefferson Station.

[10] García-Barros, E.; P. Gurrea; M.J. Luciánez; J.M. Cano; M.L. Munguira; J.C. Moreno; H. Sainz; M.J. Sanz & J.C. Simón. 2002. Parsimony analysis of endemicity and its application to animal and plant geographical distributions in the Ibero-Balearic region (western Mediterranean). Jour. Biogeogr. 29:109-124.

[11] Humphries, C.J. & L.R. Parenti. 1999. Cladistic biogeography. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, XI+187p.

[12] Metcalf, Z.P. & V. Wade. 1965. General Catalogue of the Homoptera. A supplement to fascicle I-Membracidae of the General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Membracoidea. Sec. II. Raleigh, North Carolina State Univ, p. 745-1552.

[13] Morrone, J.J. 1994. On the identification of areas of endemism. Syst. Biol. 43:438-441.

[14] ______. 2000. La importancia de los atlas biogeográficos para la conservación de la biodiversidad, p. 69-78. In: F. Martín-Piera, J.J. Morrone, A. Melic (Eds). Hacia um Proyecto CYTED Para el Inventario de la Diversidad Entomológica en Iberoamérica: Pribes 2000. Zaragoza, Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, 326p.

[15] Morrone, J.J. & J.V. Crisci. 1995. Historical biogeography: introduction to methods. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 26:373-401.

[16] Morrone, J.J. & C. Lopretto. 1995. Parsimony analysis of endemicity of freshwater Decapoda (Crustacea: Malacostraca) from southern South America. Neotropica 41(105-106):3-8.

[17] Myers, A.A. 1991. How did Hawaii accumulate its biota? A test from the Amphipoda. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. Letts 1:24-29.

[18] Nelson, G. 1969. The problem of historical biogeography. Syst. Zool. 18:243-246.

[19] Nelson, G. & N. Platnick. 1981. Systematics and biogeography: cladistics and vicariance. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, XI+567p.

[20] Platnick, N.I. 1991. On areas of endemism. Aust. Syst. Bot., Collingwood, 4:11-12.

[21] Platnick, N.I. & G. Nelson. 1978. A method of analysis for historical biogeography. Syst. Zool. 27:1-16.

[22] Posadas, P. 1996. Distributional patterns of vascular plants in Tierra del Fuego: a study applying Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE). Biogeographica 72:161-177.

[23] Ron, S.R. 2000. Biogeografic area relationships of lowland Neotropical rainforest based on raw distributions of vertebrate groups. Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 71:379-402.

[24] Rosen, B.R. & A.B. Smith. 1988. Tectonics from fossils? Analysis of reef-coral and sea-urchin distribution from late Cretaceous to Recent, using a new method. Gondwana and Tethys, p. 275-305. In: M.G. Audley-Charles & A. Hallam (Eds). Geological Society Special Publication 37. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 317p.

[25] Rosen, B.R. 1988. From fossils to earth history: applied historical biogeography, p. 437-481. In: A.A. Myers & P.S. Gillers (Eds). Analytical Biogeography. London, Chapman & Hall, 578p.

[26] Silva, J.M.C. & D.C. Oren. 1996. Application of parsimony analysis of endemicity in Amazonian biogeography: an example with primates. Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 59:427-437.

[27] Vega, I.L.; O. A. Ayala; D.E. Organista & J.J. Morrone. 1999. Historical relationships of the Mexican cloud forests: a preliminary vicariance model applying Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity to vascular plant taxa. Jour. Biogeogr. 26:1299-1305.