Condicionamento osmótico de sementes de hortaliças: potencialidades e implicações.

Nascimento, Warley M.

doi:10.1590/S0102-053619980000200002

Resumos

O estabelecimento rápido e uniforme das plântulas no campo é um pré-requisito fundamental para se alcançar um bom estande e se ter garantia da produtividade e qualidade do produto colhido. Dentre os diferentes tipos de tratamento de sementes, o condicionamento osmótico vem sendo utilizado, principalmente em sementes de horta liças e flores, com o objetivo de melhorar a velocidade de germina ção, a uniformidade das plântulas e algumas vezes a percentagem de germinação, especialmente em condições edafo-climáticas adversas. Aspectos relacionados com esta técnica, seus efeitos e possibilidades para futura pesquisa e desenvolvimento são discutidos.

tratamento de sementes; estabelecimento de plântulas; qualidade de sementes; germinação.

Rapid and uniform emergence are two important aspects to achieve good stand establishment and to increase yield and quality of harvested crops. Seed priming has become a common seed treatment to enhance stand establishment, especially in vegetable and flower seeds. Aspects related to seed priming and its effects and possibilities for future research and development are discussed.

seed priming; seed enhancements; stand establishment; seed quality; germination.

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AGRIOS, G.N. PlaníPaíhology, 3rded., Academic press, San Diego, CA, 1988. 803p.
AKERS, S.W.; HOLLEY, K.E. SPS: A System for priming seeds using aerated polyethylene glycol or salt Solutions. HortScience, v. 21, n. 3, p. 529-531,1986.
ALI, A.V.; SOUZA MACHADO, V; HAMILL, A.S. Osmoconditioning of tomato and onionseeds. Scientia Horliculturae, v.43, p. 213-224, 1990.
ALVARADO, A.D.; BRADFORD, K.J. Priming and storage of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum) seeds. I. Effects of storage temperature on germination rate and viability. Seed Science & Technology, v. 16, p. 601-612, 1988.
ARGERICH, C.A.; BRADFORD, K.J. TARQUIS, A.M. The effects of priming and ageing on resistance to deterioration of tomato seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany, v. 40, n. 214, p. 593-598, 1989.
ATHERTON, J.G. & FAROQUE, A.M. High temperature and germination in spinach, n. Effects of osmotic priming. Scientiae Horticulturae, v. 19, p. 221-227, 1983.
BENNETT, M.A.; WATERS JR., L. Seed hydration treatments for improved sweet com germination and stand establishment. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural. Science, v. 112, n. 1, p. 45-49, 1987.
BINIEK, A.; TYLKOWSKA, K. Germination and mycoflora of carrot seeds treated with thiram and conditioned in polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000). Acta Horticulturae, v. 215, p. 225 230, 1987.
BRADFORD, K.J.Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. HortScience, v. 21, n. 5,p. 1105-1112,1986.
BRADFORD, K.J.; HAIGH, A. M.Relationship between accumulated hydrothermal time during seed priming and subsequent seed germination rates. Seed Science Research, v.4, n. 2, p. 63-69,1994.
BRADFORD, K.J.; MAY, D.M.; HOYLE, B.J.; SHIBINSKI, Z.S.; SCOTT, S.J.; TYLER, K.B.Seed and soil treatments to improve emergence of muskmelon from cold or crusted soils. Crop Science, v. 28, p. 1001 1005, 1988.
BRADFORD, K.J.; STEINER, J.J.; TRAWATHA,E.Seed priming influence on germination and emergence of pepper seed lots. Crop Science, v. 30, p. 718-721, 1990.
BRAY, C.M. Biochemical processes during the osmopriming of seeds. In: KIGEL, J.; GALILI G.(eds). Seed development and germination, p. 767-789, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, 1995.
BROCKLEHURST, P.A.; DEARMAN, J. A comparison of different chemicals for osmotic treatment of vegetable seed. Annals ofApplied Biology, v. 105, p. 391-398,1984.
BROCKLEHURST, P.A.;; DEARMAN, J. DREW, R.L.K.Effects of osmotic priming on seed germination and seedling growth in leek. Scientia Horticulturae, v. 215, p. 193 200, 1984.
BUJALSKI, W.; NIENOW, A.W.; GRAY, D. Establishing the large scale osmotic priming of onion seeds using enriched air. Annals of Applied Biology, v. 115, p. 171-176., 1993
BUJALSKI, W.;; NIENOW, A.W. MAUDE, R.B.; GRAY, D.Priming responses of leek (Allium porrum L.) seeds to different dissolved oxygen levels in the osmoticum. Annals of Applied Biology, v. 122, n. 3, p. 569-577,1993.
CANO, E.A.; BOLARIN, M.C.; PEREZ- ALFOCEA, F.; CARO, M. Effect of NaCl priming on increased salt tolerance in tomato. Journal of Horticultural Science, v. 66, n. 5, p. 621-628, 1991.
CANTLIFFE, D.J.; ELBALLA, M. Improved germination of carrot at stressful high temperature hy seed priming. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, v.107, p. 121-128,1994.
CANTLIFFE, D.J.; SHULER, K.D.; GUEDES, A.C.Overcoming seed thermodormancy in a heat sensitive romaine lettuce hy seed priming. HortScience, v. 16, n. 2, p.196-198, 1981.
CORBINEAU, F.; PICARD, M.A.; COME, D.; BABHC, I.; RUMPEL, J. Germinahility of leek seeds and its improvement hy osmopriming. Acta Horticulturae, v. 371, p. 45-52, 1994.
CURRAH, I.E. Plant uniformity at harvest related to variation between emerging seedlings. Acta Horticulturae, v. 72, p. 57-68, 1978.
DEARMAN, J.; DREW, R.L.K.; BROCKLEHURST, P.A.Effect of osmotic priming, rinsing and storage on the germination and emergence of carrot seed. Annals of Applied Biology, v. Ill, p. 723- 727,1987.
EIRA, M.T.S. Condicionamento osmótico de se mentes de alfece (Lactuca sativa L.): efeitos sohre a germinação e desempenho soh estresses hídrico, salino e térmico. Piracicaba, ESALQ/USP, 1988.90p. (Tese de mestrado).1988
FINCH-SAVAGE, W.E.;; GRAY, D. DICKSON, M. The combined effects of osmotic Priming with plant growth regulator and fungicide soaks on the seed quality of five bedding plant species. Seed Science & Technology, v. 19, p. 495-503, 1991.
FURUTANI, S.C.; ZANDSTRAM, B.H.; PRICE, C. The effects of osmotic solute composition and duration and temperature of priming on seed germination. Seed Science & Technology, v. 14, p. 545-551, 1986.
GUEDES, A.C.; CANTLIFFE, D.J.Germination of lettuce seeds at high temperature after seed priming. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Society, v. 105,p. 777-781,1980.
HEYDECKER, W.; HIGGIS, J.; GULLIVER, R.L. Accelerated germination hy osmotic treatment. Nature, v. 246, p. 42-44, 1973.
JETT, L.W.; WELBAUM, G.E. Osmotic and solid phase priming of broccoli seed. Proceedings of the National Symposium for Stand Establisment in Horticultural Crops, p. 73-82, 1992.
KHAN, A. A.Preplant physiological seed conditioning. Horticultural Reviews, v. 13, p. 131- 181, 1992.
KHAN, A. A.; KARS SEN, C.M.; LEUE, E.F.; ROE, C.H. Preconditioning of seeds to improve performance, p. 395-413. In: T.K. SCOTT(ed.), Plant Regulation and World Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York, 1979.
KHAN, A.A.; PECK, ,H.; TAYLOR, A.G.; SAMINY, C.Osmoconditioningofheet seeds to improve emergence and yield in cold soil. Agronomy Journal, v. 75, p. 788-793,1983.
MURRAY, G.A. Osmoconditioning carrot seed for improved emergence. HortScience, v. 24, p. 701,1989.
NASCIMENTO, W.M.; WEST, S.H. Microorganism growth during seed priming. Proceedings of Fifth National Symposium on Stand Establishment, Columbus, OH, p.260 -264, 1997.
NASCIMENTO, W.M.; WEST, S.H.Priming and seed orientation affect seed coat adherence and seedling development of muskmelon transplants. HortScience, v. 33, n. 5, p. 847- 848, 1998a.
NASCIMENTO, W.M.; WEST, S.H.Muskmelon transplant production in response to seed priming. HorTechnology(in press), 1998b.
ODELL, G.B.; CANTLIFFE, D.J.Seed priming procedures and the effect of subsequent storage on the germination of fresh market tomato seeds. Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society, v. 99, p. 303-306, 1986.
OSBURN, R.M. & SCHROTH, M.N. Effect of osmopriming sugar beet seed on germination rate and incidence of Pythium ultimum damping-off. Plant Disease, v. 73, p. 21-24, 1989.
PARERA, C.A.; QIAO, F; CANTLIFFE, D.J.Enhanced celery germination at stress temperature via solid matrix priming. HortScience, v. 28, n. 1, p. 20-22, 1993.
PARERA, C.A.; CANTLIFFE, D.J.Presowing seed priming. Horticultural Reviews, v. 16, p. 109-139, 1994.
PASSAM, H.C.; KARAVITES, P.I.; PAPANDREOU, A.A.; THANOS, C.A.; GEORGHIOU, K. Osmoconditioning of seeds in relation to growth and fruit yield of aubergine, pepper, cucumber and melon in unheated greenhouse cultivation. Scientia Horticulturae, v. 38, p. 217-216, 1989.
PEREZ-GARCIA, F; PITA, J.M.; GONZALEZ BENITO, M.E.; IRIONDO, J.M. Effects of light, temperature and seed priming on germination of celery seeds (Apium graveolens L.). Seed Science & Technology, v. 23, n. 2, p. 377-383,1995.
PILL, W.G. Parsley emergence and seedling growth from raw, osmoconditioned, and pregerminated seeds. HortScience, v. 21, p.1134-1136, 1986.
PILL, W.G.Low water potential and presowing germination treatments to improve seed quality. In: BASRA, A.S.(ed). Seed quality - basic mechanisms and agricultural implications, p. 319-359, Food Products Press, New York, 1995.
PILL, W.G.; FRETT, J.J.; MORNEAU, D.C.Germination and seedling emergence of primed tomato and asparagus seeds under adverse conditions. HortScience, v. 26, n. 9, p. 1160-1162,1991.
RAO, S.C.;; AKERS, S.W. AHRING, R.M. Priming brassica seed to improve emergence Under different temperatures and soil moisture conditions. Crop Science, v. 27, p. 1050-1053, 1987.
RENNICK, G.A.; TIERMAN, P.I. Some effects of osmopriming on germination, growth and yield of celery ([Apium graveolens). Seed Science & Technology, v. 6, p. 695-700,1978.
RIVAS, M.; SUNDSTROM, F.J.; EDWARDS, R.L. Germination and crop development of hot pepper after seed priming. HortScience, v. 19, n. 2, p. 279-281,1984.
RUSH, C.M.Comparison of seed priming techniques with regard to seedling emergence and Pythium damping-off in su gar beet. Phytopathology, v. 81, n. 8,p. 878- 882,1991.
SACCHS, M.Priming of watermelon seeds for low-temperature germination. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, v. 102, n. 2, p. 175-178,1977.
SEALE, D.N.; CANTLIFFE, D.J.Improved stand establishment and yield of sand land grown lettuce hy seed treatment and soil amendments. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, v. 99, p. 365-369, 1986.
SMITH, P.T. COBB, B.G. Accelerated germination of pepper seed hy priming with salt solutions and water. HortScience, v. 26, n. 4, p. 417-419, 1991.
STOFFELLA, P.J.; DIPAOLA, M.L.; PARDOSSI, A.; TOGNONI,F. Seddling root morphology and shoot growth after seed priming or pregermination of hell pepper. HortScience, v. 27, p. 214-215, 1992.
SZAFIROWSKA, A.;; KHAN, A.A. PECK, N.H. Osmoconditioning of carrot seeds to improve seedling establishment and yield in cold soil. Agronomy Journal, v. 73, p. 845-848, 1981.
TAYLOR, A.G.; HADAR, Y.; NORTON, J.M.;; KHAN, A.A. HARMAN, G.E.Influence of presowing seed treatments of table beets on the susceptibility to damping-off caused hy Pythium. Journal ofthe American Societyfor Horticultural Science, v. 110, n. 4, p. 516 -519, 1985.
VALDES, V.M.; BRADFORD, K. J. Effects of seed coating and osmotic priming on the germination of lettuce seeds. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, v. 112, n. l,p. 153-156,1987.
VALDES, V.M.;; BRADFORD, K. J. MAYBERRY, K.S.Alleviation of thermodormancy in coated lettuce seeds hy seed priming. HortScience, v. 20, n. 6, p. 1112-1114, 1985.
WOLFE, D.W.; SIMS, W.L. Effects of osmoconditioning and fluid drilling of tomato seed on emergence rate and final yield. HortScience, v. 17, n. 6, p. 936-937, 1982.
WURR, D.C.; FELLOWS, J.R.The effects of grading and priming seeds of crisp lettuce cv. Saladin, on germination at high temperature, seed vigor and crop uniformity. Annals of Applied Biology, v. 105, p. 345 -352, 1984.

Warley M. Nascimento - Eng. Agr., MSc., em curso de doutorado na University of Florida, Horticultural Sciences Department, PO Box 110690, Gainesville FL, USA.
2
Para informações adicionais veja Khan, 1992; Parera & Cantliffe, 1994; Pill, 1995 e Bray, 1995

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Nov 1998

Histórico

Aceito
30 Set 1998

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

[1] AGRIOS, G.N. PlaníPaíhology, 3rded., Academic press, San Diego, CA, 1988. 803p.

[2] AKERS, S.W.; HOLLEY, K.E. SPS: A System for priming seeds using aerated polyethylene glycol or salt Solutions. HortScience, v. 21, n. 3, p. 529-531,1986.

[3] ALI, A.V.; SOUZA MACHADO, V; HAMILL, A.S. Osmoconditioning of tomato and onionseeds. Scientia Horliculturae, v.43, p. 213-224, 1990.

[4] ALVARADO, A.D.; BRADFORD, K.J. Priming and storage of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum) seeds. I. Effects of storage temperature on germination rate and viability. Seed Science & Technology, v. 16, p. 601-612, 1988.

[5] ARGERICH, C.A.; BRADFORD, K.J. TARQUIS, A.M. The effects of priming and ageing on resistance to deterioration of tomato seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany, v. 40, n. 214, p. 593-598, 1989.

[6] ATHERTON, J.G. & FAROQUE, A.M. High temperature and germination in spinach, n. Effects of osmotic priming. Scientiae Horticulturae, v. 19, p. 221-227, 1983.

[7] BENNETT, M.A.; WATERS JR., L. Seed hydration treatments for improved sweet com germination and stand establishment. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural. Science, v. 112, n. 1, p. 45-49, 1987.

[8] BINIEK, A.; TYLKOWSKA, K. Germination and mycoflora of carrot seeds treated with thiram and conditioned in polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000). Acta Horticulturae, v. 215, p. 225 230, 1987.

[9] BRADFORD, K.J.Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. HortScience, v. 21, n. 5,p. 1105-1112,1986.

[10] BRADFORD, K.J.; HAIGH, A. M.Relationship between accumulated hydrothermal time during seed priming and subsequent seed germination rates. Seed Science Research, v.4, n. 2, p. 63-69,1994.

[11] BRADFORD, K.J.; MAY, D.M.; HOYLE, B.J.; SHIBINSKI, Z.S.; SCOTT, S.J.; TYLER, K.B.Seed and soil treatments to improve emergence of muskmelon from cold or crusted soils. Crop Science, v. 28, p. 1001 1005, 1988.

[12] BRADFORD, K.J.; STEINER, J.J.; TRAWATHA,E.Seed priming influence on germination and emergence of pepper seed lots. Crop Science, v. 30, p. 718-721, 1990.

[13] BRAY, C.M. Biochemical processes during the osmopriming of seeds. In: KIGEL, J.; GALILI G.(eds). Seed development and germination, p. 767-789, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, 1995.

[14] BROCKLEHURST, P.A.; DEARMAN, J. A comparison of different chemicals for osmotic treatment of vegetable seed. Annals ofApplied Biology, v. 105, p. 391-398,1984.

[15] BROCKLEHURST, P.A.;; DEARMAN, J. DREW, R.L.K.Effects of osmotic priming on seed germination and seedling growth in leek. Scientia Horticulturae, v. 215, p. 193 200, 1984.

[16] BUJALSKI, W.; NIENOW, A.W.; GRAY, D. Establishing the large scale osmotic priming of onion seeds using enriched air. Annals of Applied Biology, v. 115, p. 171-176., 1993

[17] BUJALSKI, W.;; NIENOW, A.W. MAUDE, R.B.; GRAY, D.Priming responses of leek (Allium porrum L.) seeds to different dissolved oxygen levels in the osmoticum. Annals of Applied Biology, v. 122, n. 3, p. 569-577,1993.

[18] CANO, E.A.; BOLARIN, M.C.; PEREZ- ALFOCEA, F.; CARO, M. Effect of NaCl priming on increased salt tolerance in tomato. Journal of Horticultural Science, v. 66, n. 5, p. 621-628, 1991.

[19] CANTLIFFE, D.J.; ELBALLA, M. Improved germination of carrot at stressful high temperature hy seed priming. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, v.107, p. 121-128,1994.

[20] CANTLIFFE, D.J.; SHULER, K.D.; GUEDES, A.C.Overcoming seed thermodormancy in a heat sensitive romaine lettuce hy seed priming. HortScience, v. 16, n. 2, p.196-198, 1981.

[21] CORBINEAU, F.; PICARD, M.A.; COME, D.; BABHC, I.; RUMPEL, J. Germinahility of leek seeds and its improvement hy osmopriming. Acta Horticulturae, v. 371, p. 45-52, 1994.

[22] CURRAH, I.E. Plant uniformity at harvest related to variation between emerging seedlings. Acta Horticulturae, v. 72, p. 57-68, 1978.

[23] DEARMAN, J.; DREW, R.L.K.; BROCKLEHURST, P.A.Effect of osmotic priming, rinsing and storage on the germination and emergence of carrot seed. Annals of Applied Biology, v. Ill, p. 723- 727,1987.

[24] EIRA, M.T.S. Condicionamento osmótico de se mentes de alfece (Lactuca sativa L.): efeitos sohre a germinação e desempenho soh estresses hídrico, salino e térmico. Piracicaba, ESALQ/USP, 1988.90p. (Tese de mestrado).1988

[25] FINCH-SAVAGE, W.E.;; GRAY, D. DICKSON, M. The combined effects of osmotic Priming with plant growth regulator and fungicide soaks on the seed quality of five bedding plant species. Seed Science & Technology, v. 19, p. 495-503, 1991.

[26] FURUTANI, S.C.; ZANDSTRAM, B.H.; PRICE, C. The effects of osmotic solute composition and duration and temperature of priming on seed germination. Seed Science & Technology, v. 14, p. 545-551, 1986.

[27] GUEDES, A.C.; CANTLIFFE, D.J.Germination of lettuce seeds at high temperature after seed priming. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Society, v. 105,p. 777-781,1980.

[28] HEYDECKER, W.; HIGGIS, J.; GULLIVER, R.L. Accelerated germination hy osmotic treatment. Nature, v. 246, p. 42-44, 1973.

[29] JETT, L.W.; WELBAUM, G.E. Osmotic and solid phase priming of broccoli seed. Proceedings of the National Symposium for Stand Establisment in Horticultural Crops, p. 73-82, 1992.

[30] KHAN, A. A.Preplant physiological seed conditioning. Horticultural Reviews, v. 13, p. 131- 181, 1992.

[31] KHAN, A. A.; KARS SEN, C.M.; LEUE, E.F.; ROE, C.H. Preconditioning of seeds to improve performance, p. 395-413. In: T.K. SCOTT(ed.), Plant Regulation and World Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York, 1979.

[32] KHAN, A.A.; PECK, ,H.; TAYLOR, A.G.; SAMINY, C.Osmoconditioningofheet seeds to improve emergence and yield in cold soil. Agronomy Journal, v. 75, p. 788-793,1983.

[33] MURRAY, G.A. Osmoconditioning carrot seed for improved emergence. HortScience, v. 24, p. 701,1989.

[34] NASCIMENTO, W.M.; WEST, S.H. Microorganism growth during seed priming. Proceedings of Fifth National Symposium on Stand Establishment, Columbus, OH, p.260 -264, 1997.

[35] NASCIMENTO, W.M.; WEST, S.H.Priming and seed orientation affect seed coat adherence and seedling development of muskmelon transplants. HortScience, v. 33, n. 5, p. 847- 848, 1998a.

[36] NASCIMENTO, W.M.; WEST, S.H.Muskmelon transplant production in response to seed priming. HorTechnology(in press), 1998b.

[37] ODELL, G.B.; CANTLIFFE, D.J.Seed priming procedures and the effect of subsequent storage on the germination of fresh market tomato seeds. Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society, v. 99, p. 303-306, 1986.

[38] OSBURN, R.M. & SCHROTH, M.N. Effect of osmopriming sugar beet seed on germination rate and incidence of Pythium ultimum damping-off. Plant Disease, v. 73, p. 21-24, 1989.

[39] PARERA, C.A.; QIAO, F; CANTLIFFE, D.J.Enhanced celery germination at stress temperature via solid matrix priming. HortScience, v. 28, n. 1, p. 20-22, 1993.

[40] PARERA, C.A.; CANTLIFFE, D.J.Presowing seed priming. Horticultural Reviews, v. 16, p. 109-139, 1994.

[41] PASSAM, H.C.; KARAVITES, P.I.; PAPANDREOU, A.A.; THANOS, C.A.; GEORGHIOU, K. Osmoconditioning of seeds in relation to growth and fruit yield of aubergine, pepper, cucumber and melon in unheated greenhouse cultivation. Scientia Horticulturae, v. 38, p. 217-216, 1989.

[42] PEREZ-GARCIA, F; PITA, J.M.; GONZALEZ BENITO, M.E.; IRIONDO, J.M. Effects of light, temperature and seed priming on germination of celery seeds (Apium graveolens L.). Seed Science & Technology, v. 23, n. 2, p. 377-383,1995.

[43] PILL, W.G. Parsley emergence and seedling growth from raw, osmoconditioned, and pregerminated seeds. HortScience, v. 21, p.1134-1136, 1986.

[44] PILL, W.G.Low water potential and presowing germination treatments to improve seed quality. In: BASRA, A.S.(ed). Seed quality - basic mechanisms and agricultural implications, p. 319-359, Food Products Press, New York, 1995.

[45] PILL, W.G.; FRETT, J.J.; MORNEAU, D.C.Germination and seedling emergence of primed tomato and asparagus seeds under adverse conditions. HortScience, v. 26, n. 9, p. 1160-1162,1991.

[46] RAO, S.C.;; AKERS, S.W. AHRING, R.M. Priming brassica seed to improve emergence Under different temperatures and soil moisture conditions. Crop Science, v. 27, p. 1050-1053, 1987.

[47] RENNICK, G.A.; TIERMAN, P.I. Some effects of osmopriming on germination, growth and yield of celery ([Apium graveolens). Seed Science & Technology, v. 6, p. 695-700,1978.

[48] RIVAS, M.; SUNDSTROM, F.J.; EDWARDS, R.L. Germination and crop development of hot pepper after seed priming. HortScience, v. 19, n. 2, p. 279-281,1984.

[49] RUSH, C.M.Comparison of seed priming techniques with regard to seedling emergence and Pythium damping-off in su gar beet. Phytopathology, v. 81, n. 8,p. 878- 882,1991.

[50] SACCHS, M.Priming of watermelon seeds for low-temperature germination. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, v. 102, n. 2, p. 175-178,1977.

[51] SEALE, D.N.; CANTLIFFE, D.J.Improved stand establishment and yield of sand land grown lettuce hy seed treatment and soil amendments. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, v. 99, p. 365-369, 1986.

[52] SMITH, P.T. COBB, B.G. Accelerated germination of pepper seed hy priming with salt solutions and water. HortScience, v. 26, n. 4, p. 417-419, 1991.

[53] STOFFELLA, P.J.; DIPAOLA, M.L.; PARDOSSI, A.; TOGNONI,F. Seddling root morphology and shoot growth after seed priming or pregermination of hell pepper. HortScience, v. 27, p. 214-215, 1992.

[54] SZAFIROWSKA, A.;; KHAN, A.A. PECK, N.H. Osmoconditioning of carrot seeds to improve seedling establishment and yield in cold soil. Agronomy Journal, v. 73, p. 845-848, 1981.

[55] TAYLOR, A.G.; HADAR, Y.; NORTON, J.M.;; KHAN, A.A. HARMAN, G.E.Influence of presowing seed treatments of table beets on the susceptibility to damping-off caused hy Pythium. Journal ofthe American Societyfor Horticultural Science, v. 110, n. 4, p. 516 -519, 1985.

[56] VALDES, V.M.; BRADFORD, K. J. Effects of seed coating and osmotic priming on the germination of lettuce seeds. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, v. 112, n. l,p. 153-156,1987.

[57] VALDES, V.M.;; BRADFORD, K. J. MAYBERRY, K.S.Alleviation of thermodormancy in coated lettuce seeds hy seed priming. HortScience, v. 20, n. 6, p. 1112-1114, 1985.

[58] WOLFE, D.W.; SIMS, W.L. Effects of osmoconditioning and fluid drilling of tomato seed on emergence rate and final yield. HortScience, v. 17, n. 6, p. 936-937, 1982.

[59] WURR, D.C.; FELLOWS, J.R.The effects of grading and priming seeds of crisp lettuce cv. Saladin, on germination at high temperature, seed vigor and crop uniformity. Annals of Applied Biology, v. 105, p. 345 -352, 1984.

Brasil

Brasil

Condicionamento osmótico de sementes de hortaliças: potencialidades e implicações.

Osmoconditioning of vegetable seeds: potentials and effects.

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico