Aspectos ecológicos de fungos micorrízicos vesículo-arbusculares da mata tropical úmida da Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brasil

Trufem, Sandra F. B

doi:10.1590/S0102-33061990000200003

Resumos

No período de agosto/1984 a maio/1987, em nove ocasiões, foram coletadas 300 amostras de solo da rizosfera de 35 espécies de plantas nativas da mata tropical úmida do Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brasil, para a investigação da ocorrência de fungos micorrízicos vesículo-arbusculares (MVA ) ea obtenção de dados sobre aspectos ecológicos desses microrganismos. Foram verificados 35 taxa de fungos MV A, sete dos quais espécies novas. Os esporos qué ocorreram em maior quantidade foram os de Acaulospora foveata Trappe & Janos, Acaulospora scrobiculata Trappe, Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerd.. Glomus geosporum (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker, Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul. e Glomus microcarpum Tul. & Tul. As plantas cujas rizosferas apresentaram maior número de esporos de fungos MV A foram as de Blechnum serrulatum L.C. Rich., Euterpe edulis Mart, Neomarica caerulia Sprague, Geonoma elegans Mart, e Piper aduncum L. A maior diversidade de espécies de fugnos MV A ocorreu nas rizosferas de Aphettandra sp., Geonoma elegans Mart e Leandra barbinervis Cogn. Verificouse que houve predominancia de espécies de fungos micorrízicos vesículo-arbusculares clamidospóricas sobre as azigospóricas, bem como que a quantidade de esporos em urna dada rizosfera está diretamente relacionada com a diversidade. Glomus monosporum Gerd. & Trappe e as espécies de Sclerocystis podem ser apontadas como características do ecossistema estudado, que apresentou a média de 50,04 esporos/ 100g de solo.

ecologia de fungos MVA; floresta tropical úmida; Brasil

From August/1984 to May/1987, 300 soil samples were collected from the rhizospheres of 35 species of native plants of Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brazil, in a wet tropical forest, to investigate the occurrence and some ecological aspects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM ) fungi. Thirty five taxa of VA M fungi were reported, seven of them as new species. The most numerous VA M fungal spores belong to Acaulospora foveata Trappe & Janos, Acaulospora scrobiculata Trappe. Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerd., Glomus geosporum (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker, Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul. and Glomus microcarpum Tul. & Tul. The rhizospheres that presented the highest number of VA M fungi spores were Blechnum serrulatum L.C. Rich., Euterpe edulis Mart., Neomarica caerulia Sprague and Piper aduncum L. The highest diversity of VA M fungi species occurred in the rhizospheres of Aphellandra sp., Geonoma elegans Mart, and Leandra barbinervis Cogn. It was observed that clamydosporic species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were more numerous than azygosporic species; the number of spores is correlated with the diversity in a rhizosphere. Glomus monosporum Gerd. & Trappe and Sclerocystis species are characteristic of the studied ecosystem, that presented the average of 50,04 spores/100g of soil.

VAM fungal ecology; wet tropical forest; Brazil

Aspectos ecológicos de fungos micorrízicos vesículo-arbusculares da mata tropical úmida da Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brasil^* * Parte da Tese de Doutorado defendida no Inst, Biociéncias. Univ. S. Paulo.

Ecological aspects of mycorrhizal vesicular-arbuscular fungi of the tropical humid forest of Cardoso Island, SP, Brazil

Sandra F. B. Trufem

Instituto de Botânica. Caixa Postal 4005. 01051. Sao Paulo. SP, Brasil. Bolsista do CNPq

RESUMO

No período de agosto/1984 a maio/1987, em nove ocasiões, foram coletadas 300 amostras de solo da rizosfera de 35 espécies de plantas nativas da mata tropical úmida do Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brasil, para a investigação da ocorrência de fungos micorrízicos vesículo-arbusculares (MVA ) ea obtenção de dados sobre aspectos ecológicos desses microrganismos. Foram verificados 35 taxa de fungos MV A, sete dos quais espécies novas. Os esporos qué ocorreram em maior quantidade foram os de Acaulospora foveata Trappe & Janos, Acaulospora scrobiculata Trappe, Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerd.. Glomus geosporum (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker, Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul. e Glomus microcarpum Tul. & Tul. As plantas cujas rizosferas apresentaram maior número de esporos de fungos MV A foram as de Blechnum serrulatum L.C. Rich., Euterpe edulis Mart, Neomarica caerulia Sprague, Geonoma elegans Mart, e Piper aduncum L. A maior diversidade de espécies de fugnos MV A ocorreu nas rizosferas de Aphettandra sp., Geonoma elegans Mart e Leandra barbinervis Cogn. Verificouse que houve predominancia de espécies de fungos micorrízicos vesículo-arbusculares clamidospóricas sobre as azigospóricas, bem como que a quantidade de esporos em urna dada rizosfera está diretamente relacionada com a diversidade. Glomus monosporum Gerd. & Trappe e as espécies de Sclerocystis podem ser apontadas como características do ecossistema estudado, que apresentou a média de 50,04 esporos/ 100g de solo.

Palavras-chave: ecologia de fungos MVA ; floresta tropical úmida; Brasil

ABSTRACT

From August/1984 to May/1987, 300 soil samples were collected from the rhizospheres of 35 species of native plants of Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brazil, in a wet tropical forest, to investigate the occurrence and some ecological aspects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM ) fungi. Thirty five taxa of VA M fungi were reported, seven of them as new species. The most numerous VA M fungal spores belong to Acaulospora foveata Trappe & Janos, Acaulospora scrobiculata Trappe. Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerd., Glomus geosporum (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker, Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul. and Glomus microcarpum Tul. & Tul. The rhizospheres that presented the highest number of VA M fungi spores were Blechnum serrulatum L.C. Rich., Euterpe edulis Mart., Neomarica caerulia Sprague and Piper aduncum L. The highest diversity of VA M fungi species occurred in the rhizospheres of Aphellandra sp., Geonoma elegans Mart, and Leandra barbinervis Cogn. It was observed that clamydosporic species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were more numerous than azygosporic species; the number of spores is correlated with the diversity in a rhizosphere. Glomus monosporum Gerd. & Trappe and Sclerocystis species are characteristic of the studied ecosystem, that presented the average of 50,04 spores/100g of soil.

Key-words: VAM fungal ecology; wet tropical forest; Brazil.

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Agradecimentos

A autora agradece a pesquisadora científica Elisabete Aparecida Lopes, do Instituto de Botânica, pela identificação das plantas cujas rizosferas foram estudadas; à Seção de Fertilidade do Solo, do Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, SP, pela análise dos elementos químicos dos solos.

Referências Bibliográficas

BAREA, J.M., A.C. AZCÓN-AGUILAR, & B. ROLDAN-FAJARDO. 1984. Avances recientes en el estudio de las micorrizas V.A . Formación, funcionamento y efectos en nutrición vegetal. An. Edaf. Agrobiol. 43:659-611.

BONONI, V.L.R. & S.F.B. TRUFEM. 1983. Endomicorrizas vesículo-arbusculares do cerrado da Reserva Biológica de Moji-Guaçú, SP, Brasil. Rickia 10:55-84.

CABALA-ROSAND, P. & R. DIAS. 1986. Associações micorrízicas e nutrição mineral das plantas. In Anais da I Reunião Brasileira sobre Micorrizas. Edições FAEPE Lavras: p. 33-59.

DAY, L.D., D.M.SYLVIA. & M.E. COLLINS. 1987. Interactions among vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas, soil and landscape position. Soil Science Soc. Am. J. 51:635-639.

DEHNE , H.W . 1982. Interaction between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogens. Phytopathol. 72:1115-1119.

FRANCIS, R., R.D. FINLAY & D.J. READ. 1986. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in natural vegetation systems. IV. Transfer of nutrients in inter and intra-specific combinations of host plants. New Phytol. 102:103-111.

GERDEMANN , J.W. 1968. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and plant growth. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 6:397-418

GERDEMANN, J.W. & T.H. NICOLSON. 1963. Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 46:235-244.

GILDON, A. & P.B. TINKER. 1983a. Interactions of VAM infection and heavy metal in plants. I. Effects of heavy metals on development of VAM. A New Phytol. 95:241-261.

GILDON, A. & P.B. TINKER. 1983b. Interactions of VAM infection and heavy metals in plants. II. The effects of infection on uptake of cooper. New Phytol. 93:263-268.

HAYMAN, D.S. & M. TAVARES. 1985. Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. XV . Influence of soil pH on the symbiotic efficency of different endophytes. New Phytol. 100:367-377.

HOGBERG , P. 1982. Mycorrhizal associations in some woodland forest trees and shrubs in Tanzania. New Phytol. 92:407-415.

JANSE, J.M. 1986. Les endophytes radicaux de quelques plantes javanaises. Ann. de Jard. Bot Buitenzorg 14:563-212.

KOSKE, R.E. 1987. Distribution of VA mycorrhizal fungi along a latitudinal temperature gradient. Mycologia 79:55-68.

KRUCKELMANN, H.W. 1975. Effects of fertilizers, soil, soil tillage and plant species on the frequency of Endogone clamydospores and mycorrhizal infection in arable soils. In F.E. SANDERS, B. MOSSE & P.B. TINKER, (ed.) Endomvcorrhizas. Academic Press London: p. 511-525.

MOSSE, B., D.P. STRIBLEY. & F. LE TACON. 1981. Ecology of mycorrizae and mycorrhizal fungi. Adv. Microb. Ecol. 5:137-210.

READ, D.J., H.K. KOUCHEKI & J. HODGSON. 1976. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in natural vegetation systems. I. The occurence of infection. New Phytol. 77:641-643.

REDHEAD , J.F. 1968. Mycorrhizal associations in some Nigerian forest trees. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 51:377-387.

REEVES, F.B., D. WAGNER, T. MOORMAN & J. KIEL. 1979. The role of endomycorrhizae in revegetation pratices in the semi-arid west. I. A comparison of incidence of mycorrhizae in severely disturbed vs. natural environments. Am. J. Bot. 66:6-13.

SANTOS, O.M. & S.O. VINHA. 1982. Ocorrência de micorrizas em árvores nativas do sul da Bahia. 1. Estação Ecológica do pau-brasil. Rev. Theobroma 12:261-265.

ST. JOHN, T.V. 1980a. A survey of mycorrhizal infection in an Amazonian rain forest. Acta Amazónica 10:527-523.

ST. JOHN, T.V. 1980b. Uma lista de espécies de plantas tropicais brasileiras naturalmente infectadas com micorriza vesicular-arbuscular. Acta Amazônica 10:229-234.

TRUFEM, S.F.B. 1988. Fungos micorrízicos vesículo-arbusculafes da Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brasil. Tese de Doutorado. Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo. 358p.

TRUFEM, S.F.B. & V.L.R. BONONI. 1985. Fungos micorrízicos vesículoarbusculares em culturas introduzidas em áreas de cerrado. Rickia 12:165-187.

WALKER . C. 1979. The mycorrhizast and the herbarium: the preservation of specimens from VA mycorrhizal studies. In Program and Abstracts of the 4th. North American Conference on Mycorrhiza. Fort Collins.

WANG, G., D.P. STRIBLEY, P.B. TINKER & C. WANG. 1985. Soil pH and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. In FITTER, A.H. ed. Ecological interactions in soil: plants, microbes and animals. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 219-224.

WHITTINGHAM, J. & D.I. READ. 1982. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in natural vegetation systems. III. Nutrient transfer between plants with mycorrhizal interconections. New Phytol. 90:277-284.

Recebido em 28-3-90.

Aceito em 10-1-91.

BAREA, J.M., A.C. AZCÓN-AGUILAR, & B. ROLDAN-FAJARDO. 1984. Avances recientes en el estudio de las micorrizas V.A . Formación, funcionamento y efectos en nutrición vegetal. An. Edaf. Agrobiol. 43:659-611.
BONONI, V.L.R. & S.F.B. TRUFEM. 1983. Endomicorrizas vesículo-arbusculares do cerrado da Reserva Biológica de Moji-Guaçú, SP, Brasil. Rickia 10:55-84.
CABALA-ROSAND, P. & R. DIAS. 1986. Associações micorrízicas e nutrição mineral das plantas. In Anais da I Reunião Brasileira sobre Micorrizas. Edições FAEPE Lavras: p. 33-59.
DAY, L.D., D.M.SYLVIA. & M.E. COLLINS. 1987. Interactions among vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas, soil and landscape position. Soil Science Soc. Am. J. 51:635-639.
DEHNE , H.W . 1982. Interaction between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogens. Phytopathol. 72:1115-1119.
FRANCIS, R., R.D. FINLAY & D.J. READ. 1986. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in natural vegetation systems. IV. Transfer of nutrients in inter and intra-specific combinations of host plants. New Phytol. 102:103-111.
GERDEMANN , J.W. 1968. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and plant growth. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 6:397-418
GERDEMANN, J.W. & T.H. NICOLSON. 1963. Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 46:235-244.
GILDON, A. & P.B. TINKER. 1983a. Interactions of VAM infection and heavy metal in plants. I. Effects of heavy metals on development of VAM. A New Phytol. 95:241-261.
GILDON, A. & P.B. TINKER. 1983b. Interactions of VAM infection and heavy metals in plants. II. The effects of infection on uptake of cooper. New Phytol. 93:263-268.
HAYMAN, D.S. & M. TAVARES. 1985. Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. XV . Influence of soil pH on the symbiotic efficency of different endophytes. New Phytol. 100:367-377.
HOGBERG , P. 1982. Mycorrhizal associations in some woodland forest trees and shrubs in Tanzania. New Phytol. 92:407-415.
JANSE, J.M. 1986. Les endophytes radicaux de quelques plantes javanaises. Ann. de Jard. Bot Buitenzorg 14:563-212.
KOSKE, R.E. 1987. Distribution of VA mycorrhizal fungi along a latitudinal temperature gradient. Mycologia 79:55-68.
KRUCKELMANN, H.W. 1975. Effects of fertilizers, soil, soil tillage and plant species on the frequency of Endogone clamydospores and mycorrhizal infection in arable soils. In F.E. SANDERS, B. MOSSE & P.B. TINKER, (ed.) Endomvcorrhizas. Academic Press London: p. 511-525.
MOSSE, B., D.P. STRIBLEY. & F. LE TACON. 1981. Ecology of mycorrizae and mycorrhizal fungi. Adv. Microb. Ecol. 5:137-210.
READ, D.J., H.K. KOUCHEKI & J. HODGSON. 1976. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in natural vegetation systems. I. The occurence of infection. New Phytol. 77:641-643.
REDHEAD , J.F. 1968. Mycorrhizal associations in some Nigerian forest trees. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 51:377-387.
REEVES, F.B., D. WAGNER, T. MOORMAN & J. KIEL. 1979. The role of endomycorrhizae in revegetation pratices in the semi-arid west. I. A comparison of incidence of mycorrhizae in severely disturbed vs. natural environments. Am. J. Bot. 66:6-13.
SANTOS, O.M. & S.O. VINHA. 1982. Ocorrência de micorrizas em árvores nativas do sul da Bahia. 1. Estação Ecológica do pau-brasil. Rev. Theobroma 12:261-265.
ST. JOHN, T.V. 1980a. A survey of mycorrhizal infection in an Amazonian rain forest. Acta Amazónica 10:527-523.
ST. JOHN, T.V. 1980b. Uma lista de espécies de plantas tropicais brasileiras naturalmente infectadas com micorriza vesicular-arbuscular. Acta Amazônica 10:229-234.
TRUFEM, S.F.B. 1988. Fungos micorrízicos vesículo-arbusculafes da Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brasil. Tese de Doutorado. Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo. 358p.
TRUFEM, S.F.B. & V.L.R. BONONI. 1985. Fungos micorrízicos vesículoarbusculares em culturas introduzidas em áreas de cerrado. Rickia 12:165-187.
WALKER . C. 1979. The mycorrhizast and the herbarium: the preservation of specimens from VA mycorrhizal studies. In Program and Abstracts of the 4th. North American Conference on Mycorrhiza. Fort Collins.
WANG, G., D.P. STRIBLEY, P.B. TINKER & C. WANG. 1985. Soil pH and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. In FITTER, A.H. ed. Ecological interactions in soil: plants, microbes and animals. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 219-224.
WHITTINGHAM, J. & D.I. READ. 1982. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in natural vegetation systems. III. Nutrient transfer between plants with mycorrhizal interconections. New Phytol. 90:277-284.

*

Parte da Tese de Doutorado defendida no Inst, Biociéncias. Univ. S. Paulo.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
14 Jun 2011
Data do Fascículo
Dez 1990

Histórico

Aceito
10 Jan 1991
Recebido
28 Mar 1990

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BAREA, J.M., A.C. AZCÓN-AGUILAR, & B. ROLDAN-FAJARDO. 1984. Avances recientes en el estudio de las micorrizas V.A . Formación, funcionamento y efectos en nutrición vegetal. An. Edaf. Agrobiol. 43:659-611.

[2] BONONI, V.L.R. & S.F.B. TRUFEM. 1983. Endomicorrizas vesículo-arbusculares do cerrado da Reserva Biológica de Moji-Guaçú, SP, Brasil. Rickia 10:55-84.

[3] CABALA-ROSAND, P. & R. DIAS. 1986. Associações micorrízicas e nutrição mineral das plantas. In Anais da I Reunião Brasileira sobre Micorrizas. Edições FAEPE Lavras: p. 33-59.

[4] DAY, L.D., D.M.SYLVIA. & M.E. COLLINS. 1987. Interactions among vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas, soil and landscape position. Soil Science Soc. Am. J. 51:635-639.

[5] DEHNE , H.W . 1982. Interaction between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogens. Phytopathol. 72:1115-1119.

[6] FRANCIS, R., R.D. FINLAY & D.J. READ. 1986. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in natural vegetation systems. IV. Transfer of nutrients in inter and intra-specific combinations of host plants. New Phytol. 102:103-111.

[7] GERDEMANN , J.W. 1968. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and plant growth. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 6:397-418

[8] GERDEMANN, J.W. & T.H. NICOLSON. 1963. Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 46:235-244.

[9] GILDON, A. & P.B. TINKER. 1983a. Interactions of VAM infection and heavy metal in plants. I. Effects of heavy metals on development of VAM. A New Phytol. 95:241-261.

[10] GILDON, A. & P.B. TINKER. 1983b. Interactions of VAM infection and heavy metals in plants. II. The effects of infection on uptake of cooper. New Phytol. 93:263-268.

[11] HAYMAN, D.S. & M. TAVARES. 1985. Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. XV . Influence of soil pH on the symbiotic efficency of different endophytes. New Phytol. 100:367-377.

[12] HOGBERG , P. 1982. Mycorrhizal associations in some woodland forest trees and shrubs in Tanzania. New Phytol. 92:407-415.

[13] JANSE, J.M. 1986. Les endophytes radicaux de quelques plantes javanaises. Ann. de Jard. Bot Buitenzorg 14:563-212.

[14] KOSKE, R.E. 1987. Distribution of VA mycorrhizal fungi along a latitudinal temperature gradient. Mycologia 79:55-68.

[15] KRUCKELMANN, H.W. 1975. Effects of fertilizers, soil, soil tillage and plant species on the frequency of Endogone clamydospores and mycorrhizal infection in arable soils. In F.E. SANDERS, B. MOSSE & P.B. TINKER, (ed.) Endomvcorrhizas. Academic Press London: p. 511-525.

[16] MOSSE, B., D.P. STRIBLEY. & F. LE TACON. 1981. Ecology of mycorrizae and mycorrhizal fungi. Adv. Microb. Ecol. 5:137-210.

[17] READ, D.J., H.K. KOUCHEKI & J. HODGSON. 1976. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in natural vegetation systems. I. The occurence of infection. New Phytol. 77:641-643.

[18] REDHEAD , J.F. 1968. Mycorrhizal associations in some Nigerian forest trees. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 51:377-387.

[19] REEVES, F.B., D. WAGNER, T. MOORMAN & J. KIEL. 1979. The role of endomycorrhizae in revegetation pratices in the semi-arid west. I. A comparison of incidence of mycorrhizae in severely disturbed vs. natural environments. Am. J. Bot. 66:6-13.

[20] SANTOS, O.M. & S.O. VINHA. 1982. Ocorrência de micorrizas em árvores nativas do sul da Bahia. 1. Estação Ecológica do pau-brasil. Rev. Theobroma 12:261-265.

[21] ST. JOHN, T.V. 1980a. A survey of mycorrhizal infection in an Amazonian rain forest. Acta Amazónica 10:527-523.

[22] ST. JOHN, T.V. 1980b. Uma lista de espécies de plantas tropicais brasileiras naturalmente infectadas com micorriza vesicular-arbuscular. Acta Amazônica 10:229-234.

[23] TRUFEM, S.F.B. 1988. Fungos micorrízicos vesículo-arbusculafes da Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brasil. Tese de Doutorado. Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo. 358p.

[24] TRUFEM, S.F.B. & V.L.R. BONONI. 1985. Fungos micorrízicos vesículoarbusculares em culturas introduzidas em áreas de cerrado. Rickia 12:165-187.

[25] WALKER . C. 1979. The mycorrhizast and the herbarium: the preservation of specimens from VA mycorrhizal studies. In Program and Abstracts of the 4th. North American Conference on Mycorrhiza. Fort Collins.

[26] WANG, G., D.P. STRIBLEY, P.B. TINKER & C. WANG. 1985. Soil pH and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. In FITTER, A.H. ed. Ecological interactions in soil: plants, microbes and animals. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 219-224.

[27] WHITTINGHAM, J. & D.I. READ. 1982. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in natural vegetation systems. III. Nutrient transfer between plants with mycorrhizal interconections. New Phytol. 90:277-284.