O método de pontos

Mantovani, Waldir; Martins, Fernando Roberto

doi:10.1590/S0102-33061990000300011

Resumos

O método de pontos foi usado em diversas situações, comparado com outros métodos, modificado e amplamente discutido e criticado, podendo-se ter através da revisão bibliográfica uma visão de suas vantagens e limitações, salientando-se naquelas a sua rapidez, precisão e pouca perturbação causada na vege tação e nestas, o diâmetro da agulha e a ação do vento. Neste trabalho está sendo introduzido e discutido um novo índice, denominado ín dice de cobertura (IC), obtido da soma dos valores absolutos de freqüência, que representa a cobertura e de vigor, associado à biomassa.

fitossociologia; método de pontos

The point method has been utilized in many situations, with or without modifications; it has also been compared to other methods and critically discussed. A review of the literature reveals the advantages (speed precision, minimum disturbance of the stand) and disadvantages (dependence on diameter of the needle, wind action). A new index is introduced and discussed. It is referred to as the cover index (CI) and is obtained by summing absolute frequency, which represents cover, and absolute vigor, which is associated with biomass.

phytosociology; point method

O método de pontos

Waldir Mantovani^I; Fernando Roberto Martins^II

^IDepto Ecologia Geral, IB/USP. Cx. P. 11461. CEP 05499, SP - SP. Bolsista do CNPq, processo nº 300304/81 - ZO07

^IIDepto Morfologia e Sistemática Vegetais, IB/UNICAMP

RESUMO

O método de pontos foi usado em diversas situações, comparado com outros métodos, modificado e amplamente discutido e criticado, podendo-se ter através da revisão bibliográfica uma visão de suas vantagens e limitações, salientando-se naquelas a sua rapidez, precisão e pouca perturbação causada na vege tação e nestas, o diâmetro da agulha e a ação do vento.

Neste trabalho está sendo introduzido e discutido um novo índice, denominado ín dice de cobertura (IC), obtido da soma dos valores absolutos de freqüência, que representa a cobertura e de vigor, associado à biomassa.

Palavras-chave: fitossociologia, método de pontos.

ABSTRACT

The point method has been utilized in many situations, with or without modifications; it has also been compared to other methods and critically discussed. A review of the literature reveals the advantages (speed precision, minimum disturbance of the stand) and disadvantages (dependence on diameter of the needle, wind action).

A new index is introduced and discussed. It is referred to as the cover index (CI) and is obtained by summing absolute frequency, which represents cover, and absolute vigor, which is associated with biomass.

Key words: phytosociology, point method.

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Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
14 Jun 2011
Data do Fascículo
1990

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] AHLGREN, H.L. 1947. A comparison of methods used in evaluating the results of pasture research. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 14: 1-99.

[2] ARNBORG , T. 1949. Synpunkter pa vegetationsanalysen vid undersökningar av Nordiska Barrskogssamhällen. Svensk.Bot.Tidskrift 43:195-214.

[3] ARNY, A.C. 1944. Alfafa and grass percentage determinations with the inclined point quadrat apparatus at different stages of development of mixtures. J.Am.Soc.Agron.36:996-8.

[4] ARNY, A.C. & A.R. SCHMID. 1942. A study of the inclined quadrat method of botanical analysis of pasture mixtures. J.Am.Soc.Agron.34:238-47.

[5] BLACKMAN , G.E. 1935. A study by statistical methods of the distribution of species in grassland associations. Ann.Bot.49:749-77.

[6] BOCHER, T.W. 1935. Om em metode til undersogelse af konstans skudtaethed og homogenitet. Bot.Tidsskr.43:278-304.

[7] BOND, T.E.T. 1947. Some Ceylon examples of the logarithimic series and the index of diversity of plant and animal populations. Ceylon.J.Sci.A12:195-202.

[8] BROEMBSEN, H.H. VON. 1965. A wheel-point apparatus for the survey and measurement of open and semi-open savannah vegetation. Proc. int. Grassl. Congr.9:1345-8.

[9] BRUN, J.M. & T.W. BOX. 1963. a comparison of line intercpts and random point frames for sampling desert shrub vegetation. J.Range Mgmt.16:21-5.

[10] BUENO, O.L.; T.C. BUSELATO; S.T.S. MIOTTO. 1979. Composição florística de um campo localizado no município de Montenegro, Rio Grande do sul, Brasil. In: Anais Congresso Nacional Botânica. 30ş, Campo Grande, p. 153-8.

[11] BUSELATO, T.C. & O.L. BUENO. 1981. Composição florística de dois campos localizados no município de Montenegro, Rio Grande do sul, Brasil. Iheringia, Botânica, 26:65-84.

[12] CADWALLADR, D.A. & J.V. MORLEY. 1973. Sheep grazing preferences on a salting pasture and their significance for wigean (Anas penelope L.) conservation. J.Br.Grassld.Soc.28:235-42.

[13] CAIN, S.A. & G.M.O. CASTRO. 1959. Manual of vegetation analysis. Harper & Brothers, New York.

[14] CASTELLANI, T.T. 1986. Sucessão secundária inicial em mata tropical semi-decídua, após perturbação por fogo. Unicamp, Campinas.

[15] CHARPENTIER, C.A.G. & O.SAARELA. 1941. Levy's pisteneliömenetelmä ja sen käyttö laindunnurrnien kasvilliswistutkimurksissa. Valt. Maatalouskoet Julk. 108:1-31.

[16] COCKAINE, L. 1926. Tussock grassland investigations in New Zealand. In: A.G. TANSLEY & T.F. CHIPP, eds Aims and methods in the study of vegetation.Crow, London.

[17] COOK, C.W. & T.W. BOX. 1961. A comparison of the loop and point methods of analysing vegetation. J .Range Mgmt. 14:22-7.

[18] COUPLAND, R.T. 1950. Ecology of mixed prairie in Canadá. Ecol.Monogr.20:271-351.

[19] CROCKER, R.L. & N.S. TIVER. 1948. Survey methods in grassland ecology. J .Br.Grassld Soc. 3:1-26.

[20] CURTIS, J.T. & R.P. MCINTOSH. 1950. The interrelations of certain analytic and synthetic phytosociological characters. Ecology 31:434-55.

[21] DAUBENMIRE, R. 1968. Plant communities. Harper & Row, New York. 300p.

[22] DAVIES , W. 1933. Methods of pasture analysis. I. The history of pasture analysis. Agrie.Progr.10:225-31

[23] DRE, W.B. 1944. Studies on the use of the point quadrat method of botanical analysis of mixed pasture vegetation. J.Agric.Res. 69:289-97.

[24] DU TOIT, P.F. 1968. A simple method for the determination of leaf area of small leaves; S.Afr.J.Agric.Sci.11:201-2.

[25] EDEN, T. & T.E.T. BOND. 1945. The effect of manurial treatment on the growth of weed in tea. Empire J.Exp.Agric. 13:141-57

[26] ELLISON, L. 1942. A comparison of methods of quadratting shortgrass vegetation. J. Agric.Res.64:595-613.

[27] EVANS, R.A. & R. MERTON-LOVE. 1957. The step-point method of sampling. A practical tool in range research. J.Range Mgmt.10:208-12.

[28] FABRIS, L.C.; O.J. PEREIRA: D.S.D. ARAUJO. 1990. Análise fitossociológica na formação pós-praia da restinga de Setiba, Guarapari - ES. In: Anais Simpósio Ecossistemas Costa Sul Sudeste Brasileiro: Estrutura, Função e Manejo 2ş, São Paulo. p.455-66.

[29] FENTON, E.W. 1933. Methods of pasture analysis. V. The point quadrat method. Agric. Progr.10:238-42.

[30] FLOYD, D.A. & J.E. ANDERSON. 1987. A comparison of three methods for estimating plant cover. J.Ecol.75:221-8.

[31] FORD, E.D. & P.J. NEWBOLD. 1971. The leaf canopy of a coppiced deciduous woodland. J.Ecol.59:843.62.

[32] FOWLER, G.W. & L.G. ARVANITIS. 1981. Aspects of statistical bias due to the forest edge: Horizontal point samplin. Can.J.For.Res. 11:334-41.

[33] GARRISON , G.A . 1949. Uses and modifications of the point method for the "moosehorn" crown closure estimator. J.For.47:731-5.

[34] GLEASON , H.A . 1920. Some applications of the quadrat method. Bull.Torrey Bot.Club 47:21-33.

[35] GOODALL , D.W . 1952. Some considerations in the use of point quadrats for the analysis of vegetation. Aust.J.scient.Res.Ser.B.5:1-41.

[36] GOODALL , D.W . 1953. Point quadrat methods for the analysis of vegetation. The treatment of data for tussok grass. Aust.J.Bot. 1:457.61.

[37] GREEN , K.M. 1978. Primate censusing in northern Colombia: A comparison of two techniques. Primates 19:537-50.

[38] GREIG-SMTTH, P. 1964. Quantitative plant ecology. 2Ş ed. Butterworths, London.

[39] HANSON, H.C. 1934. A comparison of methods of botanical analysis of the native prairie in western North Dakota. J.Agric.Res.49:815-42.

[40] HANSON, H.C. 1938. Ecology of grassland. Bot.Rev.4:51-82.

[41] HANSON, H.C. 1950a. Ecology of grassland. II. Bot.Rev.16:283-360.

[42] HANSON, H.C. 1950b. Vegetation and soil profiles in some solifluction and mound areas in Alaska. Ecology 31:606-30.

[43] HEADY, H.F. 1957. The measurement and value of plant height in the study of herbaceous vegetation. Ecology 38:313-20.

[44] HEADY, H.F. & L. RADER. 1958. Modifications of the point frame. J.Range Mgmt. 11:95-6.

[45] HENSON, P.R. & M.A. HEIN . 1941. A botanical and yield study of pasture mixtures at Beltsville, Maryland. J .Am. Soc. Agron.33:700-8.

[46] HUGHES, E.E. 1962. Estimating herbage production using inclined point frame. J.Range Mgmt.15:323-4.

[47] HURD, R.M. 1961. Grassland vegetation in the Big Horn mountains, Wyoming. Ecology 42:459-61.

[48] IBRAHIM , K.M . 1971. Ocular point quadrat method. J.Range Mgmt.24:312.

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