On the taxonomic identity and conservation status of Campomanesia ilhoensis Mattos and C. viatoris Landrum (Myrtaceae)

Sobre a identidade taxonômica e o status de conservação de Campomanesia ilhoensis Mattos e C. viatoris Landrum (Myrtaceae)

SCIENTIFIC NOTE NOTA CIENTÍFICA

On the taxonomic identity and conservation status of Campomanesia ilhoensis Mattos and C. viatoris Landrum (Myrtaceae)¹

Sobre a identidade taxonômica e o status de conservação de Campomanesia ilhoensis Mattos e C. viatoris Landrum (Myrtaceae)

Marla Ibrahim Uehbe de Oliveira^I,2; Ligia Silveira Funch^I; Leslie Roger Landrum^II

^IUniversidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil

^IIArizona State University, School of Life Sciences, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

(On the taxonomic identity and conservation status of Campomanesia ilhoensis Mattos and C. viatoris Landrum (Myrtaceae)). Based on a taxonomic study of Campomanesia Ruiz & Pavón in the state of Bahia, Brazil, we observed that C. ilhoensis Mattos and C. viatoris Landrum belong to the same taxonomic entity. Both names are legitimate and validly published; however, C. ilhoensis has priority over C. viatoris, which has been in use since 1984. In addition, the distribution of the more inclusive species is now known to extend from Bahia to Ceará. A new conservation status for this species is suggested because of a better knowledge of its distribution.

Key words: Myrteae, taxonomy, Northeastern Brazil, distribution, IUCN

RESUMO

Com base no estudo taxonômico de Campomanesia Ruiz & Pavón para o estado da Bahia, Brasil, concluiu-se que C. ilhoensis Mattos e C. viatoris Landrum pertencem à mesma entidade taxonômica. Ambos os nomes são legítimos e validamente publicados; entretanto, C. ilhoensis tem prioridade sobre C. viatoris, nome em uso desde 1984. Sendo assim, a distribuição da espécie mais inclusiva se estende desde a Bahia até o Ceará. Além disso, um novo status de conservação é proposto em razão de um melhor conhecimento sobre a distribuição da mesma.

Palavras-chave: Myrteae, taxonomia, Nordeste brasileiro, distribuição, IUCN

Campomanesia Ruiz & Pav. is a genus of about 45 species (Govaerts et al. 2008, Landrum & Oliveira 2010, Proença et al. 2010, Proença et al. 2011), most of which can be found in Brazil, with more than half of them endemic (Sobral et al. 2010). It is characterized especially by the high number of locules in the ovary, which can reach 18; the usual abortion of all ovules or all but one ovule in each locule; and the glandular locule wall, which in the ripe fruit acts as a false seed coat (Landrum 1986, Landrum & Kawasaki 1997).

During the examination of Campomanesia collections in northeastern Brazil, we concluded that C. viatoris Landrum and C. ilhoensis Mattos are conspecific, which implies an extended range for this species and makes a reevaluation of the conservation status of this species necessary. Specimens were examined at the following herbaria: ALCB, ASE, ASU, HRB, HUEFS, HUNEBA, MBM, RB, SP, SPF and UB (acronyms according to Holmgren et al. 1990, except HUNEBA - Herbário da Universidade do Estado da Bahia). A review of the literature was also conducted. The distribution map was made using ArcView®GIS 3.2a (ESRI 1999).

1. Campomanesia ilhoensis Mattos, Loefgrenia 66: 3. 1975. Type: Brazil. Bahia: Ilhéus, Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, CEPLAC, CEPEC, 31 mar. 1965, fr., R.P. Belém & M. Magalhães 619 (holotype: UB!; isotype: CEPEC!).

= Campomanesia viatoris Landrum, Brittonia 36(3): 242. 1984, syn. nov., new name for Abbevillea gardneriana O.Berg, Fl. Bras. 14(1): 436. 1857. Type: Brazil. "Habitat in prov. Alagoas" ["Banks of the Rio St. Francisco near the town of Penedo, mar. 1838" ex label at K], bot., fl., Gardner 1293 (holotype: W; isotypes: BM, F-fragment, GH, K, S, US, W, F neg. 23310 of isotype at G), not Campomanesia gardneriana O.Berg.

In 1984, Landrum proposed the new name Campomanesia viatoris for Abbevillea gardneriana O. Berg (Berg 1855-56, Berg 1857-59), because the name C. gardneriana O.Berg, now considered a synonym of C. aurea O.Berg (Landrum 1986), already existed. At that time, the species was only known from two collections restricted to the state of Alagoas, and therefore included in the Red List of Threatened Species as Endangered B1+2c (IUCN 2008).

New collections of Campomanesia viatoris have been made since 1984, and the species was first reported in Sergipe and Bahia by Landim & Landrum (2002). The type specimen of C. ilhoensis had not been clearly marked by Mattos and was not recognized as the type until recently. In fact Landrum identified it as "Campomanesia cf. schlechtendahliana var. rugosa (O.Berg) Landrum" in 1995 when his knowledge of C. viatoris (=C. ilhoensis) was still limited to two specimens seen about 10 years before. Once the type had been clearly identified (Fig. 1-3) and compared with more specimens of C. viatoris from Bahia and other states of Brazil (Fig. 4-6), it became clear that the names referred to the same species. Campomanesia ilhoensis is the oldest available epithet for Abbevillea gardneriana under Campomanesia and has priority according to Article 11.4 of the ICBN (2006).

Data from herbarium specimens are essential for making inferences about biodiversity (Bebber et al. 2010), and based on label information and the speciesLink system (CRIA 2011), we can now state that Campomanesia ilhoensis extends from Bahia to Ceará (Fig. 7). Because of the taxonomic changes hereby proposed and because we now know that the species is widely distributed and grows at several localities, its IUCN status can be modified to "least concerned" (IUCN criteria 2008).

In spite of this, it is noteworthy that most specimens were collected in non-protected forest areas of the coastal Atlantic Forest, one of the most threatened biomes in the world because of continuing human pressures (Tabarelli et al. 2005). Furthermore, knowledge about the number of individuals per population is still scarce. We hope that future floristic surveys will contribute to a more accurate understanding of this and other species' ranges and population sizes, data that are fundamental for conservation efforts.

Acknowledgements

To Carolyn Proença for bringing our attention to the type of Campomanesia ilhoensis; to R. Patrícia de Oliveira for important contributions; to the curators of herbaria cited; to Anderson Machado for the map; to Jair E. Faria and Silvana H. Monteiro, who gently provided some photos. The first author is grateful to Fapesb (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia) and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) for the scholarships conferred during the first and second year of master's degree, respectively. Marcos Sobral kindly reviewed this paper and offer many helpful suggestions.

Recebido em 10/01/2012.

Aceito em 28/02/2012.

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1

Parte da Dissertação do primeiro Autor

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  13 July 2012
• Date of issue
  June 2012

History

• Received
  10 Jan 2012
• Accepted
  28 Feb 2012