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Surgical application of fascia lata as a pericardial substitute in rabbits

Aplicação cirúrgica de fascia lata como substituto do pericárdio em coelhos

Abstracts

PURPOSE: To use fascia lata instead of pericardium and observe the presence of adhesions. METHODS: Twenty rabbits were divided into two group of ten. In group A, a 1×1 cm segment of pericardium was excised and resutured. In group B excised pericardium was substituted for autologous fascia lata. RESULTS: In the comparison of microscopic adhesion rate between two groups A, B after eight weeks, there was no significant statistical difference. CONCLUSION: Fascia lata is safe and it can be substituted for pericardium especially in repeat sternotomy in repairing congenital heart defects to avoid heart injury.

Fascia Lata; Pericardium; Tissue Adhesions; Rabbits


OBJETIVO: Utilizar fascia lata em vez de pericárdio e observar a presencça de aderências. MÉTODOS: Vinte coelhos foram distribuidos em dois grupos de dez. No grupo A, um 1×1 cm de segmento de pericárdio foi retirado e resuturado. No grupo B pericárdio retirado foi substituído por fáscia lata autóloga. RESULTADOS: Na comparação da taxa de aderência microscópica entre dois grupos A, B, após oito semanas, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÃO: A fascia lata é segura e pode ser substituta do pericárdio, especialmente em nova esternotomia na reparação de defeitos cardíacos congênitos para evitar lesão cardíaca.

Fascia Lata; Pericárdio; Aderências Teciduais; Coelhos


7 - ORIGINAL ARTICLE

EXPERIMENTAL CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY

Surgical application of fascia lata as a pericardial substitute in rabbits1 1 Research performed at the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Aplicação cirúrgica de fascia lata como substituto do pericárdio em coelhos

Gholamreza AbediI; Peyman ShahzamaniII; Mehran ShahzamaniIII; Pejman MortazaviIV; Iraj Sohrabi HaghdostV; Siyamak Mashhadi RafieiVI; Kamran GhodsVII

IAssociate Professor, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Design and supervised all phases of the study

IIFellow PhD degree, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Surgical procedures, collection and processing of study information, manuscript writing

IIIAssistant Professor, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shaheed Modarres Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti University of medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Design of the study, surgical procedures, statistical analysis, manuscript writing

IVAssistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Histological analysis

VProfessor, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Histological analysis

VIAssistant Professor, Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Analysis and interpretation of data

VIIAssistant Professor, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shaheed Modarres Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Helped with technical procedures

Correspondence Correspondence: Peyman Shahzamani Department of Veterinary Surgery Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences Sciences and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Hesarak, Tehran, Iran Phone: 0098-09133182152 peyman_sh_dvm@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To use fascia lata instead of pericardium and observe the presence of adhesions.

METHODS: Twenty rabbits were divided into two group of ten. In group A, a 1×1 cm segment of pericardium was excised and resutured. In group B excised pericardium was substituted for autologous fascia lata.

RESULTS: In the comparison of microscopic adhesion rate between two groups A, B after eight weeks, there was no significant statistical difference.

CONCLUSION: Fascia lata is safe and it can be substituted for pericardium especially in repeat sternotomy in repairing congenital heart defects to avoid heart injury.

Key words: Fascia Lata. Pericardium. Tissue Adhesions. Rabbits.

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Utilizar fascia lata em vez de pericárdio e observar a presencça de aderências.

MÉTODOS: Vinte coelhos foram distribuidos em dois grupos de dez. No grupo A, um 1×1 cm de segmento de pericárdio foi retirado e resuturado. No grupo B pericárdio retirado foi substituído por fáscia lata autóloga.

RESULTADOS: Na comparação da taxa de aderência microscópica entre dois grupos A, B, após oito semanas, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante.

CONCLUSÃO: A fascia lata é segura e pode ser substituta do pericárdio, especialmente em nova esternotomia na reparação de defeitos cardíacos congênitos para evitar lesão cardíaca.

Descritores: Fascia Lata. Pericárdio. Aderências Teciduais. Coelhos.

Introduction

Most of the patients with congenital heart defects require re-surgery and in these cases, re-surgery risk is observed clearly1-3 pericardial adhesion and mediastinal can cause damage to right ventricle, Aorta, right atrium and any aortocoronary bypass graft4.

These damages cause bleeding and reduction in right ventricle performance. Because pericardial closure especially in repairing congenital heart defects and heart edema is not possible5. Various researches explained about substances reducing adhesion formation. But most of these substances are not used clinically. In this study, microscopical effects of autologous fascia lata are assessed in reduction of adhesion and as a pericardial substitute.

Methods

Twenty white New Zealand rabbits, weighing between 2-2.5 kg were divided randomly into two groups of ten animals. In group A were the controls (a segment of pericardium was excised, and the autologous pericardium was resutured). In group B, the pericardial defect was replaced with autologous fascia lata.

All rabbits of the present research were cared according to the norms of the Islamic Azad University Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences Tehran Iran laboratory of animal experimentations; this investigation was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research with animals in Department of Veterinary Surgery too.

Anesthesia was induced with ketamin hydrochloride at a dose of 35 mg%kg and maintained with isofluran in oxygen. Mechanical ventilation was instituted with an approximate tidal volume set at 10 mg%kg body weight, with 100% oxygen, at a rate of 14-16 cycles per minute.

With the use of aseptic technique, a median sternotomy was performed. After removing fat from pericardium, its surface was seen clearly, a 1×1 cm segment of pericardium was excised, and in group a (control) excised pericardium was resutured in its location of prolene 5-0 by single simple method. In group B (Experimental) before sternotomy, a part of rabbit fascia lata was excised with the dimension of 1×1 cm and it was placed into normal saline. After sternotomy and excising pericardium, this segment of fascia lata was sutured instead of pericardium by single simple method of prolene 5-0.

After the surgery, the rabbits were analysed in terms of pain, weakness and the condition of urine and feces. All the rabbits received antibiotic for three days after surgery. Then, the rabbits were kept for eight weeks at similar condtions and after eight weeks, the rabbits were anesthetized like the first surgery and they underwent median sternotomy and the rate of adhesion of pericardium or fascia lata was assessed by epicardium.

Evaluation of adhesion formation between the pericardium and the epicardium were performed by the same two observers blinded to the treatment using median sternotomy approach. Adhesion formation was evaluated by macroscopic findings. The degree of adhesion was quantitatively classified from 0 to 4.

0: without adhesion;

1: There is adhesion but it is removed easily;

2: Adhesion is removed easily by a sharp tool such as scissors;

3: Adhesion is removed with difficulty by a sharp tool;

4: Adhesion is severe as it is not possible to remove and it causes heart injury.

The Mann Whitney test was used to analyze the tenadecity score and density score of adhesion. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

After eight weeks, adhesion rate is assessed in two groups. The standardized surgical procedures and the administration of the protocols were well tolerated by the animals. No adverse effects were noted, and there was no significant difference between groups with regard to weight change.

In group A (control) the least adhesion rate was 0 (Figure 1) and the highest adhesion rate was 2 and adhesion average in group A was 1.3. While in group B (Experimental), the least adhesion rate was 1 and the highest rate was 3 (Figure 2) and its average was 1.9 (Table 1).



After data collection and statistical test of Mann Whitney, P value was achieved as 0.094.

Discussion

Adhesion after open heart surgery is the greatest factor in causing longer operative and perfusion times, bleeding and injury to the heart or great vesels6.

Many experimental and clinical attemption have been made to solve this problem by using different type of pericardial substitutes. The materials for these substitutes have include silicon rubber7, polyurethane8, E-PTFE sheet7,9,10, Dacron11,12 and dura mater13.

Fascia lata is one of the strongest fascias of the body. Histologically, fasica lata is composed of a collagen matrix with fibroblasts and elastic tissues. The relative acellularity and low nutritional requirements make it suitable for grafting. This fascia is used in reconstructive procedures such as repairing dog diaphragm14, in correction of congenital ptosis of eyebrow15, in curing Cruciate ligament injury16 and as substitute for Mitral and Aortic valves17 and in all the mentioned items had good results.

In our study, adhesion rate percent in control group in zero rate was %10 and grade 1:50% and grade 2: 40%. But this percentage is experimental group is in grade 1:30%, grade 2:50%, grade 3:20%. These results show that statistically there is not significant difference between these two groups. Indeed, this study showed that fascia lata can be a good substitute for pericardium and it can bear the pressure of heart movement well. This patch can keep its existence in the new location.

Conclusions

The fascia lata can be used as a pericardial substitute in rabbit model. But various researches are required and this can be a good method for pericardial substitute.

Received: March 16, 2012

Review: May 18, 2012

Accepted: June 19, 2012

Conflict of interest: none

Financial source: none

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  • Correspondence:

    Peyman Shahzamani
    Department of Veterinary Surgery
    Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences
    Sciences and Research Branch
    Islamic Azad University
    Hesarak, Tehran, Iran
    Phone: 0098-09133182152
  • 1
    Research performed at the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
  • Publication Dates

    • Publication in this collection
      26 July 2012
    • Date of issue
      Aug 2012

    History

    • Received
      16 Mar 2012
    • Accepted
      19 June 2012
    • Reviewed
      18 May 2012
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