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O sujeito em Foucault: estética da existência ou experimento moral?

The subject in Foucault: aesthetics of existence or moral experiment?

Resumos

O artigo discute as objeções levantadas às idéias de Foucault sobre a ética do sujeito, que levariam a um descompromisso com os valores universais e princípios das democracias liberais. Discutindo as proposições de Taylor, Hochlitz, Hadot e Rorty, a resposta de Foucault se construiria a partir de uma mudança radical na imagem do sujeito e nos modos de vida relacional que, no caso da sexualidade, ao se redescreverem as categorias, colocaria em questão a atual hierarquia moral das práticas sexuais, com suas relações fixas de dominação e sujeição.

Foucault; sujeito; estética da existência; práticas e papéis sexuais; homossexualismo; sado-masoquismo


The article discusses the objections taken to Foucault's ideas about the subject's ethics which would lead to an absence of compromise with universal values and principles of the liberal democracies. Discussing Taylor's, Hochlitz's, Hadot's and Rorty's propositions Foucault's answer would be formulated based on a radical change in the subject's image and in the ways of building up relations which, in case of sexuality, as the categories are re-defined, would question the actual moral hierarchy of sexual practices with its fixed domination and subjection relationships.

Foucault; subject; aesthetics of existence; sexual practices and roles; homosexualism; sado-masochism


Texto completo disponível em PDF.

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    Nosso objetivo não é o de apresentar sistemáticamente o pensamento de Richard Rorty. Limito-me, aqui, a enviar o leitor aos estudos que mais diretamente dizem respeito ao tema discutido neste texto. Além de alguns textos do próprio Rorty, citados no trabalho, ver Murphy, 1990MURPHY, John P. (1990) Pragmatism - From Peirce to Davidson. Boulder/San Francisco/Oxford, Westview Press. e Hall, 1994HALL, David L. (1994) Richard Rorty - Prophet and poet of the new pragmatism. New York, State University of New York Press.;
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    Sobre Davidson, ver: Davidson, 1982DAVIDSON, Donald. (1982) Paradoxes of irrationality. In: WOLHEIM, Richard & HOPKINS, James (eds.). Philosophical essays on Freud. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. p. 289-305., 1990______. (1990) The structure and content of truth. The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. LXXXVIII, n° 6, June: p. 279-328., 1991a______. (1991a) A Coherence Theory of Truth and Knowledge In: MALCHOWSKY, Alan (ed.). Reading Rorty. Oxford, Basil Blackwell. p. 120-139., 1991______. (1991a) A Coherence Theory of Truth and Knowledge In: MALCHOWSKY, Alan (ed.). Reading Rorty. Oxford, Basil Blackwell. p. 120-139.; Evnine, 1991EVNINE, Simon. (1991) Donald Davidson. Stanford, Stanford University Press.; Ramberg, 1989RAMBERG, Bjorn. (1989) Donald Davidson's philosophy of language. Oxford, Basil Blackwell.; Engel, 1989ENGEL, Pascal. (1994) Davidson et la philosophie du langage. Paris, PUF.

REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

  • BERTEN, André. (1994) Sur la distinction du public et du prive. Entre lês libéraux et communautariens. In: RORTY, Richard. Ambiguïtés et limites du postmodernisme Organizado por G. Hottois e M. Weyenbergh. Paris, Vrin. p. 185-205.
  • DAVIDSON, Donald. (1982) Paradoxes of irrationality. In: WOLHEIM, Richard & HOPKINS, James (eds.). Philosophical essays on Freud. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. p. 289-305.
  • ______. (1990) The structure and content of truth. The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. LXXXVIII, n° 6, June: p. 279-328.
  • ______. (1991a) A Coherence Theory of Truth and Knowledge In: MALCHOWSKY, Alan (ed.). Reading Rorty. Oxford, Basil Blackwell. p. 120-139.
  • ______. (1991b) Inquiries into truth & interpretation Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • ENGEL, Pascal. (1994) Davidson et la philosophie du langage Paris, PUF.
  • EVNINE, Simon. (1991) Donald Davidson Stanford, Stanford University Press.
  • FOUCAULT, Michel. (1994a) Dits et écrits - 1954-1988 Vol. III, 1976-1979. Paris, Gallimard.
  • ______. (1994b) Dits et écrits - 1954-1988 Vol. IV, 1980-1988. Paris, Gallimard.
  • FRASER, Nancy. (1990) Solidarity or singularity? Richard Rorty between romanticism and technocracy. In: MALCHOWSKY, Alan (ed.). Reading Rorty. Oxford, Basil Blackwell. p. 303-322
  • HADOT, Pierre. (1989) Refléxions sur la notion de "culture de soi". In: ______ . Michel Foucault - Philosophe. Paris, Seuil. p. 261-269.
  • HALL, David L. (1994) Richard Rorty - Prophet and poet of the new pragmatism. New York, State University of New York Press.
  • MURPHY, John P. (1990) Pragmatism - From Peirce to Davidson Boulder/San Francisco/Oxford, Westview Press.
  • ROCHLITZ, Rainer. (1989) Esthétique de l'existence. In: ______ . Michel Foucault - Philosophe, Paris, Seuil. p.288-300.
  • RAMBERG, Bjorn. (1989) Donald Davidson's philosophy of language Oxford, Basil Blackwell.
  • RORTY, Richard. (1989) Contingency, irony, and solidarity Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • ______. (1991a) Objectivity, relativism, and truth - philosophical papers Vol. 1. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • ______. (1991b) Essays on Heidegger and others - philosophical papers. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • ______. (1992) Réponse à Alexander Nehamas. In: BOUVERESSE, Jacques. Lire Rorty - Le pragmatisme et ses conséquences Paris, l'Éclat. p. 213-223.
  • ______. (1994) L'espoir au lieu du savoir Paris.
  • TAYLOR, Charles. (1989) Foucault, la liberté, la vérité, In: ______ . Michel Foucault - Lectures critiques. Bruxelles, Éditions Universitaires. p. 85-121.
  • VISKER, Rudi. (1994) Garder l'être. Entre ironie et finitude, In: RORTY, Richard. Ambiguïtés et limites du postmodernisme Organizado por G. Hottois e M. Weyenbergh. Paris, Vrin. p. 275-297.

Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    Jan-Dec 1995

Histórico

  • Recebido
    Jul 1995
Departamento de Sociologia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 315, 05508-010, São Paulo - SP, Brasil - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: temposoc@edu.usp.br