Preparation of beta-enamino carbonylic compounds using microwave radiation/K-10

Abstracts

The preparation of beta-enamino ketones and esters using the methodology of the reactions on solid support coupled with microwave irradiation is described. The reaction of cyclic, acyclic and alpha-chloro-substituted beta-dicarbonyl compounds with amines or their corresponding ammonium acetates was carried out using K-10 as solid support and a domestic microwave oven as the radiation source to give beta-enamino carbonylic compounds in good yields.

enaminones; montmorillonite K-10; microwave irradiation

A preparação de uma série de beta-enamino cetonas e ésteres empregando a metodologia de reações em suporte sólido associada à irradiação de microondas é descrita. As reações dos compostos beta-dicarbonílicos cíclicos, acíclicos e alfa-cloro-substituídos, frente a aminas primárias ou aos acetatos de amônio correspondentes, foram efetuadas usando K-10 como suporte sólido e forno de microondas doméstico como fonte de irradiação, obtendo-se os beta-enamino compostos com ótimos rendimentos.

ARTICLE

Preparation of b-enamino carbonylic compounds using microwave radiation/K-10

Hugo T. S. Braibante^*; Mara E. F. Braibante^*; Giovanni B. Rosso; Daniela A. Oriques

Departamento de Química - CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria - RS, Brazil

ABSTRACT

The preparation of b-enamino ketones and esters using the methodology of the reactions on solid support coupled with microwave irradiation is described. The reaction of cyclic, acyclic and a-chloro-substituted b-dicarbonyl compounds with amines or their corresponding ammonium acetates was carried out using K-10 as solid support and a domestic microwave oven as the radiation source to give b-enamino carbonylic compounds in good yields.

Keywords: enaminones, montmorillonite K-10, microwave irradiation

RESUMO

A preparação de uma série de b-enamino cetonas e ésteres empregando a metodologia de reações em suporte sólido associada à irradiação de microondas é descrita. As reações dos compostos b-dicarbonílicos cíclicos, acíclicos e a-cloro-substituídos, frente a aminas primárias ou aos acetatos de amônio correspondentes, foram efetuadas usando K-10 como suporte sólido e forno de microondas doméstico como fonte de irradiação, obtendo-se os b-enamino compostos com ótimos rendimentos.

Introduction

As part of our program related to the study of the synthesis and reactivity of b-enamino carbonylic compounds in heterogeneous media, we report now a simple and very fast procedure for the synthesis of these compounds using K-10 in domestic microwave oven (MW).

One of most accepted advances in chemistry methods in recent years is the use of microwave-assisted chemistry.¹ The effects usually observed with microwave activation in organic reaction are: decreasing reaction times, increase yield, cleaner reaction with easier work-up. "Solvent-free" conditions allow the use of open vessels in domestic microwave ovens. Domestic microwave ovens have the risk of high-pressure incidents, including explosion. One effective method for avoiding this problem is to omit the solvent from the reaction and perform the reaction on solid supports such as clays _ K-10. Generally reactions without solvent have been performed at room temperature with poor thermal diffusion of the inorganic solids.² Inorganic oxides such as clays, alumina and silica do not absorb microwaves at 2450 MHz and so are not obstacles for the transmission of microwave irradiation. In a solventless reaction, polar groups and organic compounds present on the surface of the clays strongly absorb microwave irradiation and thus are selectively activated.

Our interest in developing simple and efficient methodologies to obtain b-enamino carbonylic compounds is due to their nature to function both as ambident nucleophiles and as ambident electrophiles. In this way, enaminones serve as very important intermediates in the synthesis of natural products³ and heterocyclic compounds.^4,5 Anticonvulsivant activity of several secondary enaminones has been reported.⁶ Scott et al.⁷ identified several relationships between chemical features and activity: (i) the separation between the amino group and the aromatic ring should not exceed two methylene units; (ii) the presence of a carbomethoxy group enhances activity; and (iii) the cyclic enaminones are generally more active than the acyclic ones, the restrict conformation provides a more rigid frame of interaction.

Results and Discussion

Many methods have been described for the preparation of b-enamino carbonylic compounds, such as condensation of amines with b-dicarbonylic compounds in aromatic solvents with azeotropic water removal⁸ and hydrogenation (Raney-Ni) of isoxazoles.⁹ Each method has specific applications and limitations such as requiring autoclaves or applying elevated temperature.¹⁰ The use of low boiling amines is particularly problematic. We have reported¹¹ a simple and selective method using montmorillonite K-10 as solid support to obtain a series of b-enamino ketones and b-enamino esters. This versatile method has been developed using reagents dispersed in K-10 stirred at room temperature for 15-24 h. Recently, we used the same methodology, but with sonication¹² for the preparation of a series of p-phenyl substituted b-enamino ketones and b-enamino derivatives of 2-acylcycloalkanones. The preparation of enamino ketones without solvent coupled with microwave irradiation using acetylacetone and high boiling point amines has been mentioned in the literature.¹³ For low boiling point amines, we have used their ammonium acetate derivatives and successfully applied our previously developed methodology of reactions on solid support under microwave irradiation for the preparation of b-enamino carbonylic compounds.

4-Amino substituted-3-penten-2-ones 1a-g and ethyl 3-amino substituted-2-butenoates 2a-f, were prepared using K-10 in "solvent-free" conditions under microwave irradiation (Scheme 1). The reaction time required was 3 min except for 1-2a,b and g, which was 5 min. The yields of these compounds were 70-97%, an improvement when compared to the previously described procedure without microwave radiation.¹¹ The stereochemistry of compounds 1 and 2 is Z, as shown by the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the ¹H NMR spectra that contain a typical N-H chemical shifts (8.45-12.47 ppm).

These good results obtained encouraged us to apply this methodology to prepare other a-substituted b-enamino carbonylic compounds and b-enamino ketones with fixed configurations. Thus for the preparation of the a-halo b-enamino carbonylic compounds we used the reaction of ethyl-2-chloro-acetoacetate (3) and the salts of corresponding amines supported in K-10 under microwave irradiation (see Experimental) to afford ethyl-(3-amino substituted)-2-chloro-2-butenoates 4a-f. We tested this reaction in different times of microwave irradiation and determined the optimal time to be 3 min (Scheme 2). In the absence of microwave irradiation, the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24 h resulting in a large amount of the starting material. For compounds 4a,e and f, a mixture of E/Z isomers was observed based in the ¹H NMR spectra which showed N-H chemical shifts (9.04-10.04 ppm for E and 5.02-5.90 ppm for Z configuration) different from those observed for 1 and 2 (see Table 1).¹¹

For the preparation of the b-enamino ketones with fixed configurations, the cyclic 1,3-diketone (dimedone) 5 was chosen. The literature describes that dimedone enaminones have a complex reactivity that depends on the conditions employed,¹⁴ which emphasizes the importance of the preparation of these compounds without by-products. The reaction of 5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (5) with ammonium acetates supported on K-10 was carried out under microwave irradiation to give 3-amino substituted-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enones 6a-g in good yields (Scheme 3, Table 2). It is reported⁸ that the reaction of the dimedone with amines in refluxing xylenes gives, in addition to the expected enaminone the corresponding dienamine-dione but with our methodology this was not observed.

To summarize, the microwave irradiation in "solvent-free" conditions with montmorillonite K-10 in open vessels provides an easy and efficient procedure to obtain different types of the b-enamino carbonylic compounds in good yield and with much shorter time periods than the conventional procedure and it can be applied on different scales. The microwave/K-10 methodology is a clean and efficient process from both economic and environmental standpoint and with the essential characteristics of a green technology.

Experimental

Melting points were determined with a Microquímica APF-301 apparatus and are uncorrected. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker DPX-200 spectrometer in CDCl₃/TMS. Elemental analyses were carried out on a Vario CHN-standard analyzer. Microwave irradiations were carried out in a SANYO EM-700T domestic oven (700 W).

Preparation of the salts: ammonium acetate derivatives

Amine (2 equiv.) was added dropwise to acetic acid (1 equiv.) under ice cooling. The solid formed was filtered off and washed with diethyl ether, dried and immediately used. Yield 70-90%.

4-Amino substituted-3-penten-2-ones (1a-f) and ethyl 3-amino substituted-2-butenoates (2a-f), general procedure

Acetylacetone (for 1) or ethyl acetoacetate (for 2) (2 mmol), and the acetate of the corresponding amines (4 mmol) were dispersed on montmorillonite K-10 (0.60 g). The heterogeneous mixture was submitted to microwave irradiation for 3 min (except for 1-2a,b and g which was 5 min) at 155 W. The products were extracted by washing the K-10 with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was washed with saturated NaHCO₃, dried with MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent was removed under vacuum to yield crude products.

Ethyl (3-amino substituted)-2-chloro-2-butenoates (4a-f), general procedure

Ethyl-2-chloro-acetoacetate (5 mmol) and the acetate of the corresponding amines (10 mmol) were dispersed on montmorillonite K-10 (1.50 g). The heterogeneous mixture was submitted to microwave irradiation for 3 min (for 4b 2 min) at 155 W. The products were extracted by washing the K-10 with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was washed with saturated NaHCO₃, dried with MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent was removed under vacuum to yield a pure product, an oil at room temperature (Table 1).

3-Amino substituted-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enones (6a-g), general procedure

5,5-Dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (2 mmol) and the corresponding amines (4 mmol) (for 6a-c, 6f and 6g their acetate derivatives were used) were dispersed on montmorillonite K-10 (0.60 g). The heterogeneous mixture was submitted to microwave irradiation for the appropriate time (given in Table 2) at 155 W. The products were extracted by washing the K-10 with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was washed with saturated NaHCO₃, dried with MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent was removed under vacuum to yield crude product. Compounds 6 were purified by recrystallization from diisopropyl ether-CH₂Cl₂ (Table 2).

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) for financial support (01/0506.6). We thank to Dr. Robert Burrow for helpful comments on the manuscript.

References

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Received: March 11, 2003

Published on the web: November 28, 2003

This paper is dedicated to Prof. Albert J. Kascheres on occasion of his 60^th birthday

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  11 Feb 2004
• Date of issue
  Dec 2003

History

• Received
  11 Mar 2003