Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Clinical evolution of patients hospitalized due to the first episode of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstracts

AIM: to assess the clinical evolution of patients hospitalized due to the first episode of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) according to its clinical manifestation. METHODS: data were collected from 234 patients, hospitalized between May 2006 and July 2009 due to the first episode of an ACS, by consulting their medical records. RESULTS: 234 patients were hospitalized, 140 (59.8%) due to Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). In the group with AMI, 19.3% presented complications, against 12.8% in the group with Unstable Angina (UA) (p=0.19). Angioplasty levels were higher among patients with AMI than with UA (p=0.02) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery was more frequent among UA patients (p=0.03). The majority (227; 97%) survived after the coronary event. Among the seven patients who died during the hospitalization, four had AMI (2.9%) and three UA (3.2%). CONCLUSIONS: A larger number of complications were found among infarction victims and the accomplishment of coronary artery bypass graft surgery differed between the groups.

Acute Coronary Syndrome; Clinical Evolution; Mortality; Nursing


OBJETIVO: evaluar la evolución clínica de pacientes internados por el primer episodio del Síndrome Aguda de Coronarias según su manifestación clínica. MÉTODOS: Fueron colectados datos de 234 pacientes internados entre mayo de 2006 y julio de 2009 debido el primer episodio de una ACA mediante consultas a los prontuarios. RESULTADOS: La mayoría (59,8%) internó debido al Infarto Agudo del Miocardio (IAM). En el grupo con IAM, 19,3% presentaron complicaciones y 12,8% en el grupo con Angina Inestable (AI)(p=0,19). La realización de angioplastia fue mayor entre los pacientes con IAM de lo que con AI (p=0,02) y la cirugía de revascularización fue más realizada entre los pacientes con AI (p=0,03). La mayoría (227; 97%) sobrevivió al evento de las coronarias. Entre los siete pacientes que murieron en la internación, cuatro tenían IAM (2,9%) y tres AI (3,2%). CONCLUSIONES: Hubo mayor número de complicaciones entre los infartados y la realización de revascularización del miocardio fue diferente en los dos grupos.

Síndrome Coronario Agudo; Evolución Clínica; Mortalidad; Enfermería


OBJETIVO: avaliar a evolução clínica de pacientes internados pelo primeiro episódio da síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA), segundo sua manifestação clínica. MÉTODOS: foram coletados dados de 234 pacientes internados entre maio de 2006 e julho de 2009, em decorrência do primeiro episódio de uma SCA, mediante consultas aos prontuários. RESULTADOS: a maioria (59,8%) foi internada devido ao infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). No grupo com IAM, 19,3% apresentaram complicações e 12,8% no grupo com angina instável (AI) (p=0,19). A realização de angioplastia foi maior entre os pacientes com IAM do que com AI (p=0,02) e a cirurgia de revascularização foi mais realizada entre os pacientes com AI (p=0,03). A maioria (227 - 97%) sobreviveu ao evento coronariano. Entre os sete pacientes que morreram na internação, quatro tinham IAM (2,9%) e três AI (3,2%). CONCLUSÕES: houve maior número de complicações entre os infartados e a realização de revascularização do miocárdio foi diferente nos dois grupos.

Síndrome Coronariana Aguda; Evolução Clínica; Mortalidade; Enfermagem


ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Clinical evolution of patients hospitalized due to the first episode of Acute Coronary Syndrome1 1 Paper extrated from Master's Thesis "Evolução clínica de pacientes dois anos após a internação em decorrência do primeiro episódio da Síndrome Coronariana Aguda", presented to Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Brazil

Gislaine Pinn GilI; Carina Aparecida Marosti DessotteII; André SchmidtIII; Lídia Aparecida RossiIV; Rosana Aparecida Spadoti DantasV

IRN, MSc, Hospital Zona Sul de Londrina, PR, Brazil

IIRN, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil

IIIPhD, Associate Professor, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil

IVPhD, Full Professor, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Brazil

VPhD, Associate Professor, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Brazil

Corresponding Author Corresponding Author: Rosana Aparecida Spadoti Dantas Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Enfermagem Geral e Especializada Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900 Bairro: Monte Alegre CEP: 14040-902, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil E-mail: rsdantas@eerp.usp.br

ABSTRACT

AIM: to assess the clinical evolution of patients hospitalized due to the first episode of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) according to its clinical manifestation.

METHODS: data were collected from 234 patients, hospitalized between May 2006 and July 2009 due to the first episode of an ACS, by consulting their medical records.

RESULTS: 234 patients were hospitalized, 140 (59.8%) due to Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). In the group with AMI, 19.3% presented complications, against 12.8% in the group with Unstable Angina (UA) (p=0.19). Angioplasty levels were higher among patients with AMI than with UA (p=0.02) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery was more frequent among UA patients (p=0.03). The majority (227; 97%) survived after the coronary event. Among the seven patients who died during the hospitalization, four had AMI (2.9%) and three UA (3.2%).

CONCLUSIONS: A larger number of complications were found among infarction victims and the accomplishment of coronary artery bypass graft surgery differed between the groups.

Descriptors: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Clinical Evolution; Mortality; Nursing.

Introduction

Cardiovascular illnesses (CI) are the main morbidity and mortality causes around the world, with increasing projections for the next decades. They were responsible for almost 30% of all deaths in 2004, reaching almost 32% of deaths among women and 27 % among men(1). In Brazil, records indicate concerns with the manifestation of CI at younger ages and alert to the accelerated growth of this pathology in the coming years due to population aging(2-3). CI include ischemic diseases, particularly Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), which comprises Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI – with and without ST segment elevation) and Unstable Angina (UA)(4). In 2009, 76,481 deaths associated with ACS were registered, considering only deaths by UA and AMI, which corresponds to 7% of all death and represents 24% of deaths due to diseases of the circulatory apparatus(5). Since 1950, hospital mortality due to AMI has dropped, but DATASUS data still show a rate of 15%, considered high in comparison with the rate of 3.6% registered in North-American states in 2000(6).

Downward mortality rates in recent years are linked with the introduction of new therapeutic modalities in health, which resulted in reduced morbidity levels and permitted greater survival for cardiac patients, particularly myocardial reperfusion therapies and the development of new drugs. Despite significant advances, ACS still represents one of the most relevant public health issues nowadays.

The aim in this study was to assess patients' clinical evolution during hospitalization due to the first episode of ACS, considering the presence of complications, accomplishment of myocardial revascularization procedures and mortality, according to the clinical manifestation of the syndrome (AMI or UA).

Methods

This descriptive and exploratory research was developed at a high-complexity public teaching hospital in the interior of São Paulo State, which mainly attends patients in the Unified Health System (SUS). The sample consisted of 234 patients hospitalized due to the first episode of ACS between May 2006 and July 2009 and who participated in an earlier study at the same institution(7). The data presented in this research were collected through patient file consultations between February and August 2011. First, approval was obtained from the research institution's Ethics Committee to continue monitoring the patients who had participated in the previous study.

Data on the participants' sociodemographic characteristics were taken from the earlier study's database and are displayed in Table 1. For the clinical characteristics presented in this study, the researchers collected information from the 234 medical records with regard to: presence of preliminary cardiovascular comorbidities; hospitalization and discharge dates (for later calculation of hospitalization time), presence of complications during hospitalization (yes/no), accomplishment of myocardial revascularization procedures (chemical thrombolysis, Coronary Angioplasty - CA e Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting - CABG) and dates of submission to revascularization procedures (for later calculation of waiting time for revascularization). The outcome variable of the hospitalization was ranked as death during hospitalization or discharge with outpatient monitoring (at the study hospital or transfer to another health service).

For data processing and statistical analysis, IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20.0 was used. Descriptive simple frequency analyses were developed for nominal or categorical variables and central trend (mean and median) and dispersion (standard deviation) measures for continuous variables.

The Chi-square test was used to verify possible associations between the clinical manifestation of the ACS (UA or AMI) and the following variables: gender, age group, presence of complications and type of revascularization procedure (accomplishment of CA and accomplishment of CABG). Fisher's Exact test was applied to analyze a possible relation between the manifestation of the ACS and the first hospitalization outcome. Student's t-test was used to compare the duration of hospitalization with the mean times to accomplish the revascularization procedures, considering the clinical manifestation of the ACS. Significance was set at 5%.

Results

Out of 234 patients hospitalized for the first time due to the manifestation of ACS, 140 (59.8%) were diagnosed with AMI and the remainder (94; 40.2%) with UA. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics are displayed in Table 1. Concerning the age group, the AMI group contained more patients of up to 59 years old (59.3%) than the UA group (50%), without statistical significance (p=0.16). Men were predominant in both groups, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the infarction (75.7%) and the UA group (59.6%).

Among infarction and UA victims, the most frequent cardiovascular comorbidities before the hospitalization were: arterial hypertension (62.9% and 80.9%, respectively); obesity/overweight (61.5% and 60.6%), dyslipidemias (34.3% and 52.1%) and diabetes (28.6% and 43.6%). On average, patients were hospitalized for 11 days (SD=11.2; range from two to 71). When comparing the mean hospitalization times, the duration was longer in the UA (Mean=12.5; SD=13.4) than in the AMI group (Mean =10. SD=9.2), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.12) (Table 2). Thirty-nine (16.7%) patients presented some kind of complication during the first hospitalization. In the group of 140 patients with AMI, there were more patients with complications (19.3%) than in the group of 94 UA patients (12.8%). The association test among the variables, ACS manifestation and presence of complications during the first hospitalization showed no statistically significant result though (p=0.19). The most frequent complications registered in the participants' medical records were reversed cardiac arrest (21; 35.6%), cardiac arrhythmias like fibrillation and atrial flutter (12; 20.3%) and complications related to myocardial revascularization procedures (CA and CABG), including pseudo-aneurysm (3; 5.1%), catheter puncture site infection (3; 5.1%), arterial laceration (2; 3.4%) and surgical wound dehiscence/infection (2; 3.4%). Some patients presented more than one complication during the study period.

Concerning the results about the myocardial revascularization procedures the patients hospitalized due to the first episode of ACS were submitted to, chemical thrombolysis was performed in 64 patients (44.3% out of 140 infarction victims) who were diagnosed with AMI with ST segment elevation. When considering all 234 patients, 134 (57.3%) were submitted to CA and only 25 (10.7%) to CABG. CA was more frequent among AMI than UA patients (p=0.02), while CABG was more frequently accomplished among UA than among infarction patients (p=0.03) (Table 3). The time between the hospitalization and the accomplishment of the myocardial revascularization procedure was also compared between the groups. More time passed to accomplish the CABG than the CA, but the difference between these ACS modalities was not statistically significant (Table 2).

When investigating the outcome of the first hospitalization, out of 234 patients, 227 (97%) had survived the coronary event and seven (3%) died during hospitalization (Table 3). Survivors were forwarded for outpatient monitoring at the same hospital service or other health units. Among the seven patients who died in the same period, four had been victims of AMI, corresponding to 2.9% of all infarction victims, and three had been diagnosed with IA, corresponding to 3.2% in this group. For six of them, the cause of death was directly related to the CI. None of the seven patients was submitted to CA and five to CABG, characterizing a post-CABG mortality rate of 20%. The mean time between hospitalization and surgery was 20 days. It should be highlighted that the mean time between the surgery and death was four days (one patient died in surgery; three on the third postoperative day and one after 11 days). Days before they died, five out of seven patients presented cardiac arrhythmia, reversed cardiac arrest, nosocomial pneumonia and coagulation defects following extracorporeal circulation.

Discussion

The aim in this study was to assess the clinical evolution of 234 hospitalized patients due to the first episode of ACS, considering the presence of complications, accomplishment of myocardial revascularization procedures (chemical thrombolysis, CA and CABG) and hospitalization outcome (death or discharge for outpatient monitoring), according to the clinical manifestation of the syndrome (AMI or IA).

The participants' characteristics regarding the predominance of male and elderly patients is similar to other studies of cardiac patients(8-10). These variables are strongly associated with coronary patients' clinical evolution and mortality due to ACS.

When considering the clinical manifestation of the CSA, the most common diagnosis was AMI (59.8%). This proposal reflects the ACS pattern found in other studies(10-11), but differs from other populations that presented UA as the most frequent cause of hospitalizations(12-14). As the institution is a tertiary service, this may have influenced the result, due to the preliminary selection deriving from the medical regulation process in the local network.

The patient's mean hospitalization time was 12.5 days for the group with UA and 10 days for the group with AMI. These means were higher than in other international studies, considering cases of UA (mean 8.3 days), but similar to patients with AMI (mean 9.7 days)(12). The obtained result was also higher than in Brazilian studies(14-16). In this context, other studies are due to evaluate whether the long stay at the study institution is due to the attended patients' clinical evolution, the therapeutic conduct or organizational and structural problems, such as examination scheduling, human and material resources, which are contributing to the patients' longer hospital stay. Intuitively, we may suggest that the longer time can partially derive from the presence of medical regulation in the forwarding system as, according to the existent patient ranking, cases of patients with more severe clinical manifestations tend to be forwarded to the study institution. One aspect that underlines this hypothesis is the large number of cardiac arrests in our sample.

Complications mainly affected infarction victims, with cardiac arrest and cardiac arrhythmias as the most frequent ones (fibrillation and atrial flutter). In other studies, the results showed that 67.1% of participants presented complications, 14.8% of which were related to the cardiac rhythm(10), while the occurrence of fibrillation or atrial flutter corresponded to 8% among infarction victims and 5% among UA patients(8).

Concerning the revascularization procedures, other researchers(12) obtained similar proportions of patients submitted to thrombolysis. Results from a Brazilian study showed that chemical revascularization is used more frequently (3.8 times more) in public than in private hospitals, which prioritized the use of primary CA in cases of AMI with ST segment leveling(10). The use of thrombolytic drugs should be encouraged, as this low-cost therapeutic resource of easy access effectively reduces AMI-related mortality(10), notably when CA is not available.

In this study, 57.3% of the 234 participants were submitted to CA and only 10.7% to CABG. CA levels were higher among AMI than UA patients (p=0.02), while CABG was more frequent among UA than among infarction victims (p=0.03).

As observed in other studies, frequently, infarction patients are more submitted to revascularization procedures (CA or CABG) than UA patients(11,14,17). The international studies GRACE(11) and ENACT(12) identified higher levels of CA at teaching hospitals, which is the case of the present study hospital. A Brazilian study, on the other hand, discovered that revascularization procedures are more frequent at private than at public hospitals, in all ACS diagnostic classes. The results surprisingly appointed that, although private hospitals performed almost all CA and CABG, no significant difference in mortality rates was found between the hospitals, arousing reflections on the use of invasive procedures in ACS(10).

Concerning the survival of patients hospitalized due to the first clinical manifestation of ACS, the hospital mortality rate was equivalent to the rates in European countries like the United Kingdom and Belgium(8). Data from the GRACE(11) study appoint rates between 7% and 6% for AMI and 3% for UA. In the same study, the Argentina/Brazil region showed hospital mortality rates of 12% for AMI and 4% for UA, much higher than the rates in the other study regions. As for Brazilian data, mortality rates were similar to cardiologic referral centers(14,17) and lower than in general hospitals(10,18). These findings suggest that ACS treatment at the study hospital has been accomplished efficiently, with mortality rates similar to reference records. Hospital mortality after CABG, on the other hand, was 20% higher than in other institutions(13,16,19-20). A Brazilian nationwide study identified a rate of 7.2%(21). In Rio de Janeiro, adjusted mortality levels at the research hospitals ranged between 1.9% and 11.2%(19). In another study, 30-day mortality among patients submitted to CABG equaled 6.4%(16). Researchers observed that, while general hospital mortality rates corresponded to 10.9% after the CABG, 13.7% was found at a state-owned teaching hospital and 14.3% at a federal teaching hospital. At two specialized hospitals in cardiology care, rates were almost 50% lower (7% and 7.4%)(13). Further research is needed to verify this inequality.

Finally, the use of secondary data (medical records) and the lack of patients' risk stratification in the determination of the mortality rate are highlighted as study limitations. Health professionals' heterogeneous records in patients' medical records hampered data collection and even made it impossible to collect other data, which would be important in any studies that intend to evaluate these patients' clinical evolution.

Conclusion

When comparing the clinical evolution of the 234 patients hospitalized due to the first episode of ACS according to the clinical manifestation of the disease (UA or AMI), we found more frequent complications among AMI patients. The accomplishment of coronary artery bypass graft procedures differed between both groups. CA was more frequent among AMI patients and CABG among UA patients. The observed mortality level was lower than in other studies.

The present research results are important for health professionals in general, and particularly for those active in care delivery to ACS patients. They enhance knowledge on the profile of this patient group attended due to the first episode of ACS at a tertiary general hospital, as well as about the clinical evolution between hospitalization and discharge.

15. Sant'Anna FM, Alvarez FS, Bruno RV, Brito MB, Menezez S, Correa WB Filho, et al. Desfechos Hospitalares em Pacientes Submetidos a Intervenção Coronária Percutânea na Vigência de Síndromes Coronárias Agudas Atendidos em Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (UPAs) – Resultados de um Centro de Cardiologia Terciário. Rev Bras Cardiol Invas. 2010;18(1):30-6.

Received: June 7th 2012

Accepted: Sept. 13th 2012

  • 1
    World Health Organization (WHO). The global burden of disease: 2004 update 2008 [Internet]. 2008 [acesso 6 jan 2012]. Disponível em: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/2004_report_update/en/index.html
  • 2. Azambuja MR, Foppa M, Maranhão MFC, Achutti AC. Impacto econômico dos casos de doença cardiovascular grave no Brasil: uma estimativa baseada em dados secundários. Arq Bras Cardiol. [periódico na Internet]. 2008 [acesso 15 mar 2012];91(3):163-71. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abc/v91n3/05.pdf
  • 3
    Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Análise de Situação de Saúde. Saúde Brasil 2005: uma análise da situação de saúde no Brasil. 2005. Brasília (DF); 2006.
  • 4. Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, Bridges CR, Califf RM, Casey DE, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. [periódico na Internet]. 2007 [acesso 10 jan 2012];50(7):e1-e157. Disponível em: http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/reprint/50/7/652.pdf
  • 5. Teich V, Araújo DV. Estimativa de custo da síndrome coronariana aguda no Brasil. Rev Bras Cardiol. [periódico na Internet]. 2011 [acesso 6 jan 2012];24(2):85-94. Disponível em: http://sociedades.cardiol.br/socerj/revista/2011_02/a_2011_v24_n02_02estimativa.pdf
  • 6
    Ministério da Saúde (BR). Linha do cuidado do Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio na rede de atenção às urgências e Protocolo clínico Síndromes Coronarianas Agudas [Internet]. 2011 [acesso 6 jan 2012]. Disponível em: http://portal.saude.gov.br/portal/arquivos/pdf/protocolo_sindrome_coronaria.pdf
  • 7. Marosti CA, Dantas RAS, Schmidt A, Rossi LA. Health-related quality of life in patients admitted after a first episode of acute coronary syndrome. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2011;19:1106-13.
  • 8. Fox KAA, Carruthers KF, Dunbar DR, Graham C, Manning JR, Raedt H, et al. Underestimated and under-recognized: the late consequences of acute coronary syndrome (GRACE UKBelgian Study). Eur Heart J. [periódico na Internet]. 2010 [acesso 13 fev 2012];31:2755-64. Disponível em: from:http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2010/08/26/eurheartj.ehq326.full.pdf+html
  • 9. Hueb W, Soares PR, Gersh BJ, Cesar LAM, Luz PL, Puig LB, et al. The medicine, angioplasty, or surgery study (MASS-II): a randomized, controlled clinical trial of three therapeutic strategies for multivessel coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. [periódico na Internet]. 2004 [acesso15 mar 2011];43(10):1743-51. Disponível em: http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/reprint/43/10/1743.pdf
  • 10. Reis AF, Salis LHA, Macrini JRL, Dias AMC, Chilinque MGL, Saud CGM, et al. Síndrome Coronariana Aguda: morbimortalidade e prática clínica em pacientes do município de Niterói (RJ). Rev SOCERJ. [periódico na Internet]. 2007 [acesso 20 mar 2012];20(5):360-71. Disponível em: http://sociedades.cardiol.br/socerj/revista/2007_05/a2007_v20_n05_art06.pdf
  • 11. Fox KAA, Goodman SG, Klein W, Brieger D, Steg PG, Dabbous O, et al. Management of acute coronary syndromes. Variations in practice and outcome Findings from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Eur Heart J. [periódico na Internet]. 2002 [acesso 13 jan 2012];23:117789. Disponível em: http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/15/1177.full.pdf
  • 12. Fox KAA, Cokkinos DV, Deckers J, Keil U, MaggianiA, Steg G. The ENACT study: a pan-European survey of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. [periódico na Internet]. 2000 [acesso 4 mar 2012];21:1440-9. Disponível em: http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/17/1440.full.pdf+html
  • 13. Oliveira TML, Oliveira GMM, Klein CH, Silva NAS, Godoy PH. Mortality and complications of coronary artery bypass grafting in Rio de Janeiro, from 1999 to 2003. Arq Bras Cardiol. [periódico na Internet]. 2010 [acesso 10 jan 2012];95(3):303-12. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abc/v95n3/en_aop08610.pdf
  • 14. Santos ES, Minuzzo L, Pereira MP, Castillo MT, Palacio MA, Ramos RF, et al. Acute coronary syndrome registry at a cardiology emergency center. Arq Bras Cardiol. [periódico na Internet]. 2006 [acesso 3 mar 2012]; 87(5):544-549. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abc/v87n5/en_07.pdf
  • 16. Santos ES. Escore de risco Dante Pazzanese para Síndrome Coronariana Aguda sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST [tese de doutorado]. São Paulo (SP): Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo; 2008. 144 p.
  • 17. Soares JS, Pena FM, Pires Jr HR, Chaves APM, Inácio BO, Barcelos AF, et al. Análise do Tratamento da Síndrome Aguda em Centro Cardiológico do Norte Fluminense. Rev Soc Cardiol Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 2009;22(3):230-4.
  • 18. Villela P, Santos VF, Pimenta LVWA, Figueroa JDLP, Carvalho DRM, Oliveira GMM, et al. Estratégias invasiva ou não-invasiva e associação com eventos clinicamente relevantes no seguimento pós-alta de pacientes internados com síndrome coronariana aguda. Rev SOCERJ. 2008;21(3):154-9.
  • 19. Godoy PH, Klein CH, Silva NAS, Oliveira GMM, Fonseca TMP. Letalidade na cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio no Estado do Rio de Janeiro - SIH/SUS - no Período 1999-2003. Rev SOCERJ. 2005;18(1):23-9.
  • 20. Mesquita ET, Ribeiro A, Araújo MP, Campos LAA, Fernandes MAF, Colafranceschi AS, et al. Indicators of healthcare quality in isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery performed at a tertiary cardiology center. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008;90(5):350-4.
  • 21. Noronha JC, Travassos C, Martins M, Campos MR, Maia P, Panezzuti R. Avaliação da relação entre volume de procedimentos e a qualidade do cuidado: o caso de cirurgia coronariana no Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública. [periódico na Internet]. 2003 [acesso 17 mai 2012];19(6):1781-9. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2003000600022&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt
  • Corresponding Author:

    Rosana Aparecida Spadoti Dantas
    Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto
    Departamento de Enfermagem Geral e Especializada
    Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900
    Bairro: Monte Alegre
    CEP: 14040-902, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
    E-mail:
  • 1
    Paper extrated from Master's Thesis "Evolução clínica de pacientes dois anos após a internação em decorrência do primeiro episódio da Síndrome Coronariana Aguda", presented to Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Brazil
  • Publication Dates

    • Publication in this collection
      20 Nov 2012
    • Date of issue
      Oct 2012

    History

    • Received
      07 June 2012
    • Accepted
      13 Sept 2012
    Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3451 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
    E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br