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Evolution of anthropometric data and quality of life in active bariatric individuals

SUMMARY

Obesity is a disease characterized by the accumulation of abnormal or excessive fat that can damage health. Bariatric surgery, an effective and safe way to treat this disease, requires multidisciplinary monitoring with an educational nature to change lifestyle. Adherence to routine physical activity can be a part of adopting a healthier lifestyle and can assist in the treatment of this disease and its related comorbidities.

OBJECTIVE:

Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the evolution of anthropometric variables and the domains of quality of life at different times, including at one year after bariatric surgery in very active and irregularly active individuals.

METHODS:

This was a longitudinal, observational, prospective, and analytical study. The collected data included anamnesis, level of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form), height, weight, body mass index (BMI), average waist circumference, percentage of fat, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Bref.

RESULTS:

Seven female individuals were evaluated and divided into two groups: a very active group and an irregularly active group. In the very active individuals, significant results were found in the evolutionary variables: weight (p<0.001); body mass index (p<0.001); average waist circumference (p<0.001); percentage of fat (p<0.001); and quality of life general (p=0.001). In the irregularly active individuals, a significant result was found only in one evolutionary variable: body mass index (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION:

Thus, it is evident that the improvement and maintenance of good health is more effective in bariatric individuals who maintain a routine with regular physical activity.

KEYWORDS:
Anthropometry; Motor activity; Quality of life; Bariatric surgery

INTRODUCTION

Obesity is a disease characterized by the accumulation of abnormal or excessive fat that affects health11 Guyton AC, Hall JE. Tratado de Fisiologia Médica. 9th ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara; 1997.. Its etiology may involve several factors, such as genetic, endocrine, behavioral, social, economic, psychological, and environmental imbalances22 McArdle DW, Katch FI, Katch VL. Fisiologia do Exercício: Energia, Nutrição e Desempenho Humano. 5th ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan S.A.; 2003..

In 2014, there were 1.9 billion overweight or obese adults worldwide. Most of the global populations live in countries where the number of deaths from obesity exceeds the number of deaths caused by low weight33 Soares Júnior JM, Lobel A, Ejzenberg D, Serafıni PC, Baracat EC. Bariatric surgery in infertile women with morbid obesity: defınitive solution? Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2018;64(7):565-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.64.07.565
https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.64.07....
. According to the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome44 World Health Organization. Fact Sheet Obesity and Overweight. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016. [cited on Mar. 4, 2021]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheet...
, about 82 million people were overweight or obese in Brazil in 2014.

The World Health Organization estimates that obesity will have involved 700 million adults and 75 million children by 202533 Soares Júnior JM, Lobel A, Ejzenberg D, Serafıni PC, Baracat EC. Bariatric surgery in infertile women with morbid obesity: defınitive solution? Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2018;64(7):565-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.64.07.565
https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.64.07....
.

Along with obesity, the rates of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, infertility, and endometrial, breast, ovarian, prostate, liver, gallbladder, kidney, and colon neoplasms have also increased22 McArdle DW, Katch FI, Katch VL. Fisiologia do Exercício: Energia, Nutrição e Desempenho Humano. 5th ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan S.A.; 2003.,55 Associação Brasileira para o Estudo da Obesidade e da Síndrome Metabólica. Mapa da Obesidade. São Paulo: ABESO; 2015. [cited on mar. 4, 2021]. Available from: http://www.abeso.org.br/atitude-saudavel/mapa-obesidade
http://www.abeso.org.br/atitude-saudavel...
.

Obesity and its related diseases are considered preventable and treatable22 McArdle DW, Katch FI, Katch VL. Fisiologia do Exercício: Energia, Nutrição e Desempenho Humano. 5th ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan S.A.; 2003.. Bariatric surgery is an effective and safe way to treat severe and refractory forms of this disease and requires multidisciplinary follow-up with a focus on educational lifestyle changes66 Yurcisin BM, Gaddor MM, DeMaria EJ. Obesity and bariatric surgery. Clin Chest Med. 2009;30(3):539-53,ix. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2009.05.013
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2009.05.01...
.

In the long term, bariatric surgery can provide benefits such as significant and lasting body mass index (BMI) reduction77 Kato KRA, Brim CA, Pizarro CB, Miranda AA, Yonamine F, Carvalho PM. Análise da variação de IMC de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. COORTE. 2018;8:9-15. http://doi.org/10.52908/coorte.v0i08.107
http://doi.org/10.52908/coorte.v0i08.107...
, decreased glucose, total cholesterol (LDL-c and VLDL-c), and triglyceride indices, increased HDL-c88 Silva CF, Cohen L, Sarmento LA, Rosa FMM, Rosado EL, Carneiro JRI, et al. Efeitos no longo prazo da gastroplastia redutora em y-de-roux sobre o peso corporal e comorbidades clínico metabólicas em serviço de cirurgia bariátrica de um hospital universitário. Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2016;29(Suppl 1):20-3. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-6720201600S10006
https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-6720201600S...
, decreased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, dyslipidemia, and systemic arterial hypertension, increased adherence to physical activity, and improved quality-of-life (QoL) domains99 Santos MMM, Orth LC, Prá M, Uberti MF, Trevisol FS. Avaliação da condição de saúde e da qualidade de vida no pós-operatório tardio de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. RBONE. 2018 [cited on Mar. 4, 2021];12(74):730-7. Available from: https://repositorio.animaeducacao.com.br/bitstream/ANIMA/2682/1/Artigo%20bari%c3%a1trica%20GPEC.pdf
https://repositorio.animaeducacao.com.br...

10 Poletto JE, Rizzo DT, Baltieri L, Cazzo E, Chaim EA. Influência da obesidade e das medidas antropométricas sobre a incontinência urinária e a qualidade de vida: um estudo piloto. RBONE. 2018[cited on Mar. 4, 2021];12(75):901-7. Available from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6987334
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/arti...
-1111 Poletto JE, Rizzo DT, Neder AM, Cândido EC, Cazzo E, Chaim EA. Impacto da obesidade e dos parâmetros antropométricos sobre a qualidade de vida e a qualidade do sono. RBONE. 2019[cited on Mar. 4, 2021];13(81):831-7. Available from: link.gale.com/apps/doc/A627969307/AONE?u=anon∼61e42d8d&sid=googleScholar&xid=040ae4de
link.gale.com/apps/doc/A627969307/AONE?u...
.

Adherence to physical activities can be a part of a healthier lifestyle and help in the treatment of this disease and its related comorbidities1212 Matsudo VKR. Vida ativa para o novo milênio. Revista Oxidologia. 1999[cited on Mar. 4, 2021];18-24. Available from: http://allchemy.iq.usp.br/estruturando/revistas/rdo-VIII-5.html
http://allchemy.iq.usp.br/estruturando/r...
,1313 Poletto JE, Rizzo DT, Cândido EC, Neder AM, Chaim FDM, Chaim EA. The influence of physical activity on quality of life in morbidly obese patients with urinary dysfunction. J. Public Health Med. 2020;8(3):72-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20200803.12
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20200803...
. Physical activity can be defined as any movement performed by the contraction of the musculoskeletal system increasing energy expenditure, when compared to rest1414 Lazzoli JK; Nóbrega ACL; Carvalho T; Oliveira MAB; Teixeira JAC; Leitão MB; et al. Atividade física e saúde na infância e adolescência. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 1998;4(4):107-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86921998000400002
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-8692199800...
.

These activities can intensify energy expenditure, improve body composition, increase the ability to mobilize/oxidize fat, stimulate a thermogenic response, increase insulin sensitivity, decrease blood pressure, improve physical conditioning, improve psychosocial factors and self-esteem, and reduce anxiety1212 Matsudo VKR. Vida ativa para o novo milênio. Revista Oxidologia. 1999[cited on Mar. 4, 2021];18-24. Available from: http://allchemy.iq.usp.br/estruturando/revistas/rdo-VIII-5.html
http://allchemy.iq.usp.br/estruturando/r...
, in addition to improving the recovery of patients undergoing bariatric surgery and reducing mortality and existing chronic diseases22 McArdle DW, Katch FI, Katch VL. Fisiologia do Exercício: Energia, Nutrição e Desempenho Humano. 5th ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan S.A.; 2003..

The relationship between bariatric patients and physical activity over a year after the surgical procedure is not clear in the specific literature. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between the progression of anthropometric variables and QoL domains at different times up to 1 year after bariatric surgery in very active and irregularly active patients treated at the bariatric surgery outpatient clinic, Hospital de Clínicas, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP).

METHODS

Study design and ethical aspects

This was a prospective and analytical, longitudinal, and observational study approved by the Research Ethics Committee of our institution, under opinion No. 2,038,341. All volunteers signed the Informed Consent Form (ICF).

Data collection

The data collection was performed at the bariatric surgery outpatient clinic, Hospital de Clínicas, UNICAMP, with grade II and III obese patients (at first participation) at four different times (i.e., first participation in the group, T0; after 10% total weight loss, T1; immediate postsurgery, T2; and 1 year after surgery, T3) in a preoperative multidisciplinary bariatric surgery group, individually.

Inclusion criteria

  • Grades II and III of obesity at T0;

  • Age 18–59 years;

  • Female sex;

  • Consent to participate in all four evaluations.

Exclusion criteria

  • Physical and/or intellectual disability and/or functional limitation;

  • Vulnerable groups.

Outcome measurements

Physical activity

The physical activity level of participants was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ SF)1515 Pardini R, Matsudo S, Araújo T, Matsudo V, Andrade E, Braggion G, et al. Validação do questionário internacional de nível de atividade física (IPAQ - versão 6): estudo piloto em adultos jovens brasileiros. Rev Bras Cien Mov. 2001;9(3):45-51. http://doi.org/10.18511/rbcm.v9i3.393
http://doi.org/10.18511/rbcm.v9i3.393...
, which classifies the person as VERY ACTIVE, ACTIVE, IRREGULARLY ACTIVE A, IRREGULARLY ACTIVE B, and SEDENTARY. The classification was established by the score achieved, ranging from 0–4, with 0=sedentary and 4=very active.

Anthropometric measurements

The measurements collected were height, weight, BMI, and mean waist circumference (WC).

Fat percentage

The “Prediction Equation for Obese Individuals – Women” was used1616 Weltman A, Levine S, Seip RL, Tran ZV. Accurate assessment of body composition in obese females. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;48(5):1179-83. http://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/48.5.1179
http://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/48.5.1179...
at times 0, 1, and 2 to characterize the participants’ fat percentage (%F). This equation uses height (in cm), weight (in kg), and WC (in cm): WC=[(W1+W2)/2], where W1 is the waist circumference in centimeters measured at the midpoint between the sternum and the umbilicus (front) and the midpoint between the last rib and the iliac crest (lateral) and W2 is the waist circumference in centimeters measured at the level of the umbilical scar.

The “Prediction Equations for Normal Weight People” were used1717 Tran ZV, Weltman A. Generalized equation for predicting body density of women from girth measurements. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989;21(1):101-4. http://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198902000-00018
http://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-19890200...
at time 3 to characterize the fat percentage (%F) of participants, using WC (in cm), hip circumference (in cm), height (in cm), and age (in years) measurements.

Quality of life

The QoL was assessed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Bref (WHOQOL BREF) questionnaire with two general questions and 24 facets divided into four domains (i.e., Physical, Psychological, Social Relations, and Environment)1818 The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(10):1403-9. http://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00112-k
http://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)0011...
and determined whether the QoL was very poor=1, poor=2, fair=3, good=4, or very good=5.

Statistical analysis

The data obtained were transcribed into the BioEstat software version 5.3, and a descriptive analysis of the variables was performed. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data. The ANOVA test (one criterion) was used to analyze the progression of the same variables at different times. The significance level was 0.1% (p≤0.001).

RESULTS

Seven women were evaluated, after being divided into two groups: a very active group and an irregularly active group. Four patients were classified as very active (because they achieved a score of 4 on the IPAQ), and three were classified as irregularly active (because they had a mean score between 1 and 2 on the IPAQ).

Table 1 presents a descriptive analysis of the data, with the mean and standard deviation of each variable.

Table 1
Descriptive analysis of the sample of seven patients evaluated.

Table 2 shows the p significance of all variables analyzed at the four times.

Table 2
The p-values depicting the significance of the progression analysis in very active individuals.

At T0, all patients weighed between 100 kg and 130 kg, with a median of 110 kg. The median was slightly above 100 kg at T1 and approximately 90 kg at T2. Notably, 1 year after the surgical procedure, the patients weighed between 60 kg and 70 kg, with a median in the range of 65 kg. Therefore, weight reduction between T0 and T3 was strongly significant, with p<0.001.

As for BMI, at T0, the values were between 41 kg/m2 and 46 kg/m2, and the median was close to 44 kg/m2. The median was 40 kg/m2 at T1 and approximately 35 kg/m2 at T2. Of note, 1 year after the surgical procedure, the patients had BMI values below 30 kg/m2, with a median in the range of 25 kg/m2, which is considered normal. Therefore, BMI reduction between T0 and T3 was also strongly significant, with p<0.001.

The WC measurements at T0 were between 120 cm and 130 cm, as well as the median. At T1 and T2, the median was close to 110 cm and 100 cm, respectively. At 1 year after bariatric surgery, the patients had a WC between 80 cm and 90 cm, with a median in the range of 85 cm. Therefore, this variable also showed a strongly significant reduction between T0 and T3, with p<0.001.

The medians of %F were approximately 55, 50, 45, and 35% at T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. These results also presented a p<0.001, with a significantly decreased percentage of fat.

The general QoL (QoLG) score presented a highly significant result (p=0.001). At T0, QoLG was between 2 and approximately >3, with a median below 3; at T1, it was between almost 3 and approximately 3.5; at T2, it was between 4 and 5; and at T3, it was between 4.5 and 5, with a median close to 4.7 and 4.8.

Table 3 shows the p significance of all variables analyzed at the four times.

Table 3
The p-values depicting the significance of the progression analysis in irregularly active individuals.

The only highly significant result in the irregularly active patients was the BMI (p<0.001). At T0, the BMI was between 45 kg/m2 and 50 kg/m2, with a median close to 50 kg/m2. At T1, the BMI was between 40 kg/m2 and 45 kg/m2; at T2, it was between 38 kg/m2 and 40 kg/m2; and at T3, the BMI reduced to between 26 kg/m2 and 30 kg/m2, with a median close to 29 kg/m2.

DISCUSSION

Bariatric surgery indicates a permanent change in the life of patients undergoing this procedure. Continuous professional follow-up and permanent changes to healthier lifestyle habits are needed1919 Chaim EA, Pareja JC, Gestic MA, Utrini MP, Cazzo E. Preoperative multidisciplinary program for bariatric surgery: a proposal for the Brazilian Public Health System. Arq Gastroenterol. 2017;54(1):70-4. http://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.2017v54n1-14
http://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.2017v5...
.

Failure to follow-up on treatment after surgery can lead to numerous problems2020 Raspante LBP, Barque tte ÁDC, Motta EGPC, Ribeiro MA, Ramos LFM, Moreira W. Review and pictorial essay on complications of bariatric surgery. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2020;66(9):1289-95. http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.9.1289
http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.9.12...

21 Pazzianotto-Forti EM, Baltieri L, Brigatto P, Costa CMD, Rocha MRSD, Rasera-Júnior I. Bilevel positive airway pressure in two moments after bariatric surgery. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2019;65(9):1161-7. http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.1161
http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.11...
-2222 Furlan AAC, Junqueira-Franco MVM, Oliveira JCS, Favaris JWS, Marchini JS, Cunha SFC. Severe malnutrition after bariatric surgery and clinic manifestations of infection. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2019;65(9):1151-5. http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.1151
http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.11...
. However, routine physical activity in association with postsurgical treatment may lead to more satisfactory long-term results than expected1212 Matsudo VKR. Vida ativa para o novo milênio. Revista Oxidologia. 1999[cited on Mar. 4, 2021];18-24. Available from: http://allchemy.iq.usp.br/estruturando/revistas/rdo-VIII-5.html
http://allchemy.iq.usp.br/estruturando/r...
,2323 Soares TD. Efeitos do exercício físico na depressão: um ensaio clínico com mulheres obesas sedentárias [Dissertação]. Santa Maria: Universidade Franciscana, 2019.,2424 Alves SP, Anjos RS, Feliciano FT, Lamarca F, Dutra ES, Carvalho KMB, et al. Associação entre força muscular isocinética e funcionalidade em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Rev Bras Pesqui Saude. 2018;5(9):21-6. http://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8111249
http://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.81112...
.

The results found in this study corroborate this statement, as strongly significant reductions were found in all anthropometric measures and in the QoLG in the group of very active patients77 Kato KRA, Brim CA, Pizarro CB, Miranda AA, Yonamine F, Carvalho PM. Análise da variação de IMC de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. COORTE. 2018;8:9-15. http://doi.org/10.52908/coorte.v0i08.107
http://doi.org/10.52908/coorte.v0i08.107...
,1010 Poletto JE, Rizzo DT, Baltieri L, Cazzo E, Chaim EA. Influência da obesidade e das medidas antropométricas sobre a incontinência urinária e a qualidade de vida: um estudo piloto. RBONE. 2018[cited on Mar. 4, 2021];12(75):901-7. Available from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6987334
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/arti...
,1111 Poletto JE, Rizzo DT, Neder AM, Cândido EC, Cazzo E, Chaim EA. Impacto da obesidade e dos parâmetros antropométricos sobre a qualidade de vida e a qualidade do sono. RBONE. 2019[cited on Mar. 4, 2021];13(81):831-7. Available from: link.gale.com/apps/doc/A627969307/AONE?u=anon∼61e42d8d&sid=googleScholar&xid=040ae4de
link.gale.com/apps/doc/A627969307/AONE?u...
,1313 Poletto JE, Rizzo DT, Cândido EC, Neder AM, Chaim FDM, Chaim EA. The influence of physical activity on quality of life in morbidly obese patients with urinary dysfunction. J. Public Health Med. 2020;8(3):72-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20200803.12
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20200803...
,2323 Soares TD. Efeitos do exercício físico na depressão: um ensaio clínico com mulheres obesas sedentárias [Dissertação]. Santa Maria: Universidade Franciscana, 2019..

These results may also be related to a lower rate of postsurgical complications and weight relapse and to a good maintenance of the respiratory system2020 Raspante LBP, Barque tte ÁDC, Motta EGPC, Ribeiro MA, Ramos LFM, Moreira W. Review and pictorial essay on complications of bariatric surgery. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2020;66(9):1289-95. http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.9.1289
http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.9.12...
,2121 Pazzianotto-Forti EM, Baltieri L, Brigatto P, Costa CMD, Rocha MRSD, Rasera-Júnior I. Bilevel positive airway pressure in two moments after bariatric surgery. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2019;65(9):1161-7. http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.1161
http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.11...
.

Physical activity can improve physical and psychosocial factors1111 Poletto JE, Rizzo DT, Neder AM, Cândido EC, Cazzo E, Chaim EA. Impacto da obesidade e dos parâmetros antropométricos sobre a qualidade de vida e a qualidade do sono. RBONE. 2019[cited on Mar. 4, 2021];13(81):831-7. Available from: link.gale.com/apps/doc/A627969307/AONE?u=anon∼61e42d8d&sid=googleScholar&xid=040ae4de
link.gale.com/apps/doc/A627969307/AONE?u...
as well as muscle strength and functionality in patients undergoing the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass2424 Alves SP, Anjos RS, Feliciano FT, Lamarca F, Dutra ES, Carvalho KMB, et al. Associação entre força muscular isocinética e funcionalidade em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Rev Bras Pesqui Saude. 2018;5(9):21-6. http://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8111249
http://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.81112...
, strengthening the results found in this study.

Severe malnutrition and infections can also be minimized with the combination of physical activity and a regular and balanced diet for bariatric patients, with indications and specialized professional monitoring2222 Furlan AAC, Junqueira-Franco MVM, Oliveira JCS, Favaris JWS, Marchini JS, Cunha SFC. Severe malnutrition after bariatric surgery and clinic manifestations of infection. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2019;65(9):1151-5. http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.1151
http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.11...
.

The patients classified as irregularly active showed a significantly reduced BMI.

Despite the significant BMI reduction in the irregularly active group, these values were lower than those found in the very active group.

The lack of more significant results is possibly due to the irregular physical activity and a minimally active routine, demonstrating that the irregular physical activity can be harmful after bariatric surgery1313 Poletto JE, Rizzo DT, Cândido EC, Neder AM, Chaim FDM, Chaim EA. The influence of physical activity on quality of life in morbidly obese patients with urinary dysfunction. J. Public Health Med. 2020;8(3):72-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20200803.12
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20200803...
,2020 Raspante LBP, Barque tte ÁDC, Motta EGPC, Ribeiro MA, Ramos LFM, Moreira W. Review and pictorial essay on complications of bariatric surgery. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2020;66(9):1289-95. http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.9.1289
http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.9.12...

21 Pazzianotto-Forti EM, Baltieri L, Brigatto P, Costa CMD, Rocha MRSD, Rasera-Júnior I. Bilevel positive airway pressure in two moments after bariatric surgery. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2019;65(9):1161-7. http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.1161
http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.11...

22 Furlan AAC, Junqueira-Franco MVM, Oliveira JCS, Favaris JWS, Marchini JS, Cunha SFC. Severe malnutrition after bariatric surgery and clinic manifestations of infection. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2019;65(9):1151-5. http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.1151
http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.11...
-2323 Soares TD. Efeitos do exercício físico na depressão: um ensaio clínico com mulheres obesas sedentárias [Dissertação]. Santa Maria: Universidade Franciscana, 2019..

Despite the great improvement in the scores of the QoL domains assessed by the WHOQOL BREF at the four points of evaluation (Table 1), the statistical results did not show strong significance in any QoL domain (Tables 2 and 3). However, the patients report evident improvements in QoL domains 1 year after bariatric surgery99 Santos MMM, Orth LC, Prá M, Uberti MF, Trevisol FS. Avaliação da condição de saúde e da qualidade de vida no pós-operatório tardio de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. RBONE. 2018 [cited on Mar. 4, 2021];12(74):730-7. Available from: https://repositorio.animaeducacao.com.br/bitstream/ANIMA/2682/1/Artigo%20bari%c3%a1trica%20GPEC.pdf
https://repositorio.animaeducacao.com.br...
,2020 Raspante LBP, Barque tte ÁDC, Motta EGPC, Ribeiro MA, Ramos LFM, Moreira W. Review and pictorial essay on complications of bariatric surgery. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2020;66(9):1289-95. http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.9.1289
http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.9.12...
,2121 Pazzianotto-Forti EM, Baltieri L, Brigatto P, Costa CMD, Rocha MRSD, Rasera-Júnior I. Bilevel positive airway pressure in two moments after bariatric surgery. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2019;65(9):1161-7. http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.1161
http://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.9.11...
.

CONCLUSION

This study evidenced that the long-term treatment of obesity with surgical intervention combined with routine physical activity remarkably improved the anthropometric variables and QoL of the patients undergoing this treatment. It is worth emphasizing that further studies on this subject with a larger sample are needed.

  • Funding: none.

REFERENCES

  • 1
    Guyton AC, Hall JE. Tratado de Fisiologia Médica. 9th ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara; 1997.
  • 2
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Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    19 Nov 2021
  • Date of issue
    Sept 2021

History

  • Received
    29 June 2021
  • Accepted
    03 July 2021
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