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Brazilian Portuguese version of Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory

The identification of eating disorder (ED) symptoms and their diagnosis is still a challenge in the Brazilian scenario, which requires the association of various methodologies to identify symptoms in terms of frequency, association, and an approximation to the clinical diagnosis. The commonly used methods are the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26)11 Bighetti F, Santos CB, Santos JE, Ribeiro RPP. Tradução e validação do eating attitudes test em adolescentes do sexo feminino de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2004;53(6):339-46. and the Binge Eating Scale22 Freitas S, Lopes CS, Coutinho W, Appolinario JC. Tradução e adaptação para o português da escala de compulsão alimentar periódica translation and adaptation into Portuguese of the binge-eating scale. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2001;23(4):215-20., which are self-administered. Also, recently, the questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns (QEWP-5)33 Moraes CEF, Mourilhe C, Freitas SR, Veiga GVD, Marcus MD, Appolinário JC. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the questionnaire on eating and weight patterns-5 (QEWP-5). Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2020;42(1):39-47. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0029
https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0...
, with its Brazilian version, is available for use by clinical interviewers, bringing great advances to the study of binge eating disorders. On the contrary, questionnaires that assess symptoms and risk for ED, such as the EAT-26, present limited features of ED pathology. Also, with the use of the BES, binge eating can be assessed, but not with other aspects such as cognitive restraint and restraint. Fat phobia through negative attitudes toward weight and obesity is also a prominent indicator in the psychopathology of EDs.

In response to this gap, Forbush et al., developed the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI)44 Forbush KT, Wildes JE, Pollack LO, Dunbar D, Luo J, Patterson K, et al. Development and validation of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI). Psychol Assess. 2013;25(3):859-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032639
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032639...
, which comprises 45 items to assess the frequency of cognitions and behaviors in the last month. An initial pool of 160 items was developed by the researchers to assess 20 dimensions of eating pathology, and after the ensuing analyses were conducted, an 8-factor structure was identified: body dissatisfaction, binge eating, cognitive restraint, excessive exercise, restricting, purging, muscle building, and negative attitudes toward obesity. Bilingual researchers translated the original scale from English to Portuguese version. Then, additional bilingual translators produced two back-translations. The cross-cultural adaptation process of the instrument was carried out, and the final version for use in the Brazilian population is presented in Table 1.

Table 1
Brazilian Portuguese version of Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory.

Differentials on the scale are given by the possibility of further Brazilian studies investigating the differences between the diagnoses of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. All procedures were performed following the ethical standards of the institution (number: 4.886.743). Primary results confirmed the factor structure for the Brazilian population, and the validation process is in progress. EPSI has excellent internal consistency and reliability. In addition, the instrument has the potential to assess changes in EPSI factors after the outpatient segment, focusing on the impact of psychiatric comorbidities, types of associated treatments, and their relationship with more severe eating disorders and longer disease duration. It also presents a potential contribution to the identification of behavioral profiles in non-clinical populations due to its comprehensiveness in eating psychopathology, therefore reducing the need for the association of various instruments.

  • Funding: none.
  • ETHICAL APPROVAL
    All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional (05/09/2021 -, Plataforma Brasil -, number: 4.886.743; CAAE: 44615521.9.0000.0068).

REFERENCES

  • 1
    Bighetti F, Santos CB, Santos JE, Ribeiro RPP. Tradução e validação do eating attitudes test em adolescentes do sexo feminino de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2004;53(6):339-46.
  • 2
    Freitas S, Lopes CS, Coutinho W, Appolinario JC. Tradução e adaptação para o português da escala de compulsão alimentar periódica translation and adaptation into Portuguese of the binge-eating scale. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2001;23(4):215-20.
  • 3
    Moraes CEF, Mourilhe C, Freitas SR, Veiga GVD, Marcus MD, Appolinário JC. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the questionnaire on eating and weight patterns-5 (QEWP-5). Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2020;42(1):39-47. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0029
    » https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0029
  • 4
    Forbush KT, Wildes JE, Pollack LO, Dunbar D, Luo J, Patterson K, et al. Development and validation of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI). Psychol Assess. 2013;25(3):859-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032639
    » https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032639

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    02 June 2023
  • Date of issue
    2023

History

  • Received
    04 Jan 2023
  • Accepted
    21 Jan 2023
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