Un objet scientifique à la charnière des sciences biologiques et sociales: le système immunitaire

A scientific object interlinking the biological and social sciences: the immune system

anthropology; metaphor; immune system; frontier

antropologia; metáfora; sistema imunológico; fronteira

ANÁLISE

Un objet scientifique à la charnière des sciences biologiques et sociales: le système immunitaire

A scientific object interlinking the biological and social sciences: the immune system

Anne Marie Moulin

Directeur de recherches CNRS Unite INSERM 158 Hôpital Necker Paris

ABSTRACT

Immunology gained legitimacy when it became the science of the immune system, a definition that announced the existence of a previously unknown body function. The very concept of immune system goes beyond the biological, offering opportunities for a renewed dialogue between biological science and the human sciences. This paper discusses the manifold viewpoints regarding the immune system.

Keywords: anthropology, metaphor, immune system, frontier.

RESUMO

A imunologia legitimou-se ao tornar-se a ciência do sistema imunológico — esta definição marcou a existência de uma nova função até então desconhecida entre as funções corporais — o próprio conceito de sistema imunológico ultrapassa o biológico e possibilita o estabelecimento de um diálogo específico entre a ciência biológica e as ciências humanas. Este artigo trata das inúmeras versões existentes sobre o sistema imunológico.

Palavras-chave: antropologia, metáfora, sistema imunológico, fronteira.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Texto completo disponible sólo en PDF.

Recebido para publicação em fevereiro de 1996.

• Augé, M. et Herzlich, C. (éds.) 1980 Le sens du mal, Paris.
• Brandt, A. 1988 'Aids and metaphor; toward the social meaning of social diseases'. Social Research, 55: 413-32.
• Cambrosio, A. et Keating, P. 1994 'Ours is an engineering approach: flow cytometry and the constitution of human T-cell subsets'. Journal of the History of Biology, 27: 449-79.
• Cambrosio, A. et Keating, P. 1992 'A matter of FACS: constituting novel entities in immunology'. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 6: 362-84.
• Carter, K. C. 1985 'Koch's postulates in relation to the work of Jacob Henle and Edwin Klebs'. Medical History, 29: 353-74.
• Cooper, E. L. (éd.) 1984 Stress, immunity and aging. New York, Marcel Dekker.
• Corson, S. A. 1988 'Historical and philosophical background of immunoneuromodulation'. International Journal of Neurosciences, 39: 283-7.
• Coutinho, A. 1989 'Beyond clonal selection and network'. Immunological Reviews, 110: 66-87.
• Daëron, M. et alii. 1996 Le système immunitaire ou 1'immunité cent ans après pasteur. Paris, Nathan.
• Daëron, M. 1988 'Connais-toi toi même'. Colloque de Cérizy Praxis et Cognition.
• Del Vecchio-Good, M. J. et alii. 1988 'Emotion, illness and healing in Middle Eastern'. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 12, 1: 1-136.
• Duesberg, P. 1989 'Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrom. Correlation but not causation'. Proceedings of the National Academy of the USA, 86: 755-64.
• Duesberg, P. 1988 'HIV is not the cause of Aids'. Science, 241: 514-6.
• Ehrlich, P. 1901 Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift, 28: 251.
• Fabian, J. 1990 'Presence and representing the other and anthropological inquiry'. Critical Inquiry, 16: 753-72.
• Fabian, J. 1983 Time and the other. How anthropology makes its object. New York, Columbia University Press.
• Fainzang, S. 1992 'Reflexions anthropologiques sur la notion de prevention'. In P. Aïach, N. Bon et P. Deschamps, Comportments et santé. Questions pour la prevention. Nancy, Presses Universitaires de Nancy, pp. 18-27.
• Fox-Keller, E. 1995 Refiguring life: metaphors of twentieth century biology. New York, Columbia University Press.
• Fridman, W. H. 1991 Le cerveau mobile. Paris, Hermann, p. 15.
• Gell, P. G. 1980 'Network concepts in science and the arts'. The immune system, a festschrift in bonorof Niels Kaj Jerne. Basel, S. Karger, p. 58.
• Gely, M. 1991 'Le corps fragile: écologie du corps et syncrétisme medical chez les Avikam lagunaires de Cote d'Ivoire'. Sciences Sociales et Santé, 9: 5.
• Haraway, D. 1989 'The biopolitics of post-modern bodies: determination of self in the immune system discourse'. Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, 11: 3-43.
• Harden, V. winter 1989 'Koch's postulates and the etiology of Aids, An historical perspective'. Daedalus.
• Huebner, R. J. 1959 "The virologist's dilemma'. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencs, 67: 430-8.
• Jacquemart, F. 1990 Préliminaires à une théorie générale anthropocentriste des objets mous. Thèse de doctorat en immunologie. Université de Paris 6.
• Jacquemart, F. et Coutinho, A. 1988 'Observer, immune system and their respective objects'. In E. E. Sercarz and coll., The semiotics of cellular communication in the immune system. Nato Asi Series H, Springer Verlag, 23, p. 173.
• Jerne, N. K. et alii. 1982 'Recurrent idiotypes and internal images'. EMBO Journal, 1: 243.
• Jerne, N. K. 1974 'Towards a network theory of the immune system'. Annales d'Immunologie (Institut Pasteur), 125C: 373.
• Jerne, N. K. 1967 'Waiting for the end'. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia for Quantitative Biology, 32: 569-75.
• Kleinman, A. 1978 'Concepts as a model for the comparison of medical systems and cultural systems'. Social Sciences and Medicine, 12: 85-93.
• Kleinman, A. M. 1973 'Medicine's symbolic reality. On a central problem in the philosophy of medicine'. Inquiry, 16: 206-13
• Kourilsky, P. et Claverie, J. M. 1988 'Le modèle du soi peptidique'. Medecine/Sciences, 4: 177-83.
• Locke, A.; Ader, R. and coll. 1985 Foundations of Psychoneuroimmunology. New York, Aldine.
• Löwy, I. 1991 'The immunological construction of the self'. In A. I. Tauber, Organism and the origins of self. Boston, Kluwer, pp. 43-75.
• Martin, E. 1994 Flexible bodies: tracking immunity in American culture from the days of polio to the age of Aids. Boston, Beacon.
• Martin, E. 1990 'Toward an anthropology of immunology: the body as nation state'. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 4: 410-26.
• Martin, E. 1989 'The cultural construction of gendered bodies: biology and metaphors of production and destruction'. Ethos, 54: 143-60.
• Metchnikoff, E. 1891 Leçons sur la pathologie comparée de l'inflammation. Paris, Masson.
• Moulin, A. M. 1997 'Une science dans le siècle: immunology or the science of Boundaries'. In John Krige et D. Pestre (éds.), Science in the twentieth century. Amsterdam, Harwood Academic Publishers.
• Moulin, A. M. 1995 'Hasard et rationalité dans l'approche vaccinale'. History and Philosophy of Life Sciences, 17: 5-30.
• Moulin, A. M. 1995 'La crise éthique de la transplantation d'organes. À la recherche de la compatibilité culturelle'. Diogène, 172: 76-96.
• Moulin, A. M. mars. 1994 'Un devise pour l'organisme'. Autrement, numéro spécial Résister, pp. 22-36.
• Moulin, A. M. 1993 'Body parts: the modern dilemma'. Transplantation Reviews, 95: 33-55.
• Moulin, A. M. 1993 'The dilemma of medical causality and the issue of biological individuality'. In C. Deleskamp-Hayes et M. A. Gardell Cutter, Science, technology and the art of medicine: European-American dialogues. Dordrecht, Reidel, pp. 153-64
• Moulin, A. M. 1991 Le dernier langage de la médecine. Histoire de I'immunologie de Pasteur au Sida. Paris, Presses Universitaires de France.
• Moulin, A. M. 1990 'La métaphore du soi et le tabou de l'auto-immunite'. In M. Bessis, J. Bernard et C. Debru (éds.), Le soi et le non-soi. Paris, Seuil, pp. 55-68.
• Moulin, A. M 1990 (avec A. M. Silverstein). In J. J. Oppenheim et E. Schevach (éds.), Immunophysiology. The role of cells and cytokins in immunity and inflammation. Oxfor, Oxford University Press, pp. 3-13.
• Moulin, A. M. 1983 'Lévi-Straus à Kaka (Republique centrafricaine)'. Bangui, rapport CNRS.
• Napier, A. D. The age of immunology, (forthcoming)
• Napier, A. D. 1996 'Penser vaccinologiquement: une sélection qui n'est pas vraiment naturelle, ou les modèles sociaux du monde microbien'. In A. M. Moulin (éd.), L'aventure de la vaccination. Fayard, Paris, pp. 409-22.
• Napier, A. D. 1992 Foreign bodies: performance, an and symbolic anthropology. Berkeley, California University Press.
• Nichter, M. 1992 'Of ticks, kings and the promise of vaccines'. In C. Leslie et A. Young (éds.), Paths to Asian, medical knowledge. Berkeley, University of California Press, pp. 224-56.
• Nossal, G. B. 1988 'Trials and triumphs of immunology in the 1980s'. Immunology Today, 9: 286-91.
• Pagézy, H.; Couillot, M. F. et Moulin, A. M. 1984 Enquête ethnographique sur la grossesse et l'allaitement, examens médicaux et considerations ethnomédicales. Republique Centrafricaine, Paris, rapport CNRS.
• Peter, J.-P. 1989 'Dimensions mysthiques des épidémies et Sida'. Action et recherches sociales, 3: 15-29.
• Périer, J. N. 1845 'De l'acclimatement en Algérie'. Annales d'hygiène publique et de médecine legate, 33: 301-38.
• Pouillon, J. 1989 In M. Segalen (éd.), L'autre et le semblable. Regards sur l'ethnologie des sociétés contemporaines. Paris, Presses du CNRS.
• Pouillon, J. 1970 'Malade et médecin: le même et/ou l'autre? (Remarques ethnologiques)'. Nouvelle Revue de Psychanalyse, 1: 78-98.
• Rivet, D. 1995 'Hygiénisme colonial et médicalisation de la société marocaine au temps du protectorat français'. In E. Longuenesse (éd.), Santé, médecine et société dans le monde arabe. Paris, L'Harmattan, pp. 105-28.
• Rotermund, H. O. 1991 Hôsôgami ou la petite vérole aisément. Paris, Maisonneuve et Larose.
• Selye, H. 1980 'The development of the stress concept'. In H. Selye et S. Parvez (éds.), Advances in experimental medicine A centenary tribute to C. Bernard. Elsevier, North Holland Biomedical Press, pp. 43-69.
• Selye, H. 1979 The stress of my life. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold.
• Selye, H. 1974 Stress without distress. New York, Lippincott.
• Selye, H. 1956 The stress of life. New York, McGraw Hill.
• Seytre, B. 1993 Sida, les secrets d'une polémique. Paris, Presses Universitaires de France.
• Silverstein, A. M. 1989 A history of immunology. New York, Academic Press.
• Silverstein, A. M. 1986 Cellular immunology, 97: 173-88.
• Tauber, A.I. 1991 Metchnikoff and the origins of immunology. From metaphor to theory. New York, Oxford University Press.
• Tonegawa, S. 1983 'Somatic generation of antibody diversity'. Nature, 302: 5, pp. 9-15.
• Urbain, J. and coll. 1977 'Idiotypic regulation of the immune system by the induction of antibodies against anti-idiotypic antibodies'. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 74: 5,126
• Weindling, P. 1993 'Medicine and holocaust. The case of typhus'. In I. Löwy (éd.), Medicine and change: historical and sociological studies of medical innovation. Montrouge, INSERM/John Libbey, pp. 447-64.
• Young, A. 1982 'The anthropology of illness and disease'. Annual Review of Anthropology, 11: 257-85.
• Young, A. 1980 'The discourse on stress and the reproduction of conventional knowledge'. Social Sciences and Medicine, 14B: 133-46.
• Zimmermann, F. 1995 Généalogie des médecines douces. Paris, PUF.
• Zimmermann, F. 1989 'Terminological problems in the process of editing and translating in Sanskrit medical texts'. Approaches to traditional Chinese medical literature. Kluwer, P. O. Unschuld éd., pp. 141-50.
• Zimmermann, F. 1978 'From classic texts to learned practice: methodological remarks on the study of Indian medicine'. Social Sciences and Medicine, 12: 97-103.
• Zinkernagel, R. M. 1996 'Immunology taught by viruses'. Science, 271: 173-8.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  18 Aug 2006
• Date of issue
  Oct 1996

History

• Received
  Feb 1996