Catalogue of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazil: an update with some considerations

Abstract

All species of Brazilian terrestrial isopod known up to date, including references and distribution information, are listed. The list comprises 189 valid species, 135 of which are endemic to the country, 22 are recorded also from other countries in the Americas, 20 are introduced, and 12 have circumtropical or pantropical distributions.

Keywords
Distribution; faunistics; Neotropical Region; species list; taxonomy

Introduction

Terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) constitute one of the most remarkable crustacean lineages to conquer terrestrial habitats (for a better comprehensive overview see Hornung, 2011; Sfenthourakis and Taiti, 2015; Richardson and Araujo, 2015; Taiti 2018). Currently, there are more than 3,800 species distributed in more than 500 genera and 38 families (Javidkar et al., 2015; Sfenthourakis and Taiti, 2015; WoRMS, 2018).

Souza-Kury (1998) produced the first catalogue of Brazilian Oniscidea, comprising 112 species. Leistikow and Wägele (1999), in a checklist of the terrestrial isopods from the New World, recorded approximately 110 species and two unnamed species in Brazil, one in the genus EthelumBudde-Lund, 1899 and the other in the genus Periscyphis Gerstaecker, 1873. Schmalfuss (2003) recognized approximately 120 valid species from Brazil.

In the last years, many studies increased the knowledge about the terrestrial isopods biodiversity in Brazil (e.g., Schmidt and Leistikow, 2005; Souza et al., 2011; Campos-Filho et al., 2015a; 2015b; 2014; 2017a; 2017c; Souza et al., 2015; Cardoso et al., 2016; Grangeiro et al., 2017). Although some of these studies provided an estimation of about 170 species in Brazil (Campos-Filho et al., 2017b; 2017c), none of them offered a real number of valid species.

This study lists all terrestrial isopods species from Brazil until September, 2018, providing an update to the catalogues published by Souza-Kury (1998), Leistikow and Wägele (1999), and Schmalfuss (2003). In addition, information on bibliography and species distributions is given, as well as remarks whenever necessary.

Material and Methods

This study is based on an extensive bibliographical survey on the terrestrial isopod diversity in Brazil. The synonymic list includes original descriptions and publications mentioning species occurring in Brazil. Also included are some testimonial specimens of a few species deposited in the Coleção de Crustáceos do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).

Brazil has 26 states plus a Federal District (Distrito Federal) distributed in 5 regions: Northern (states of Rondônia, Acre, Amazonas, Roraima, Pará, Amapá, and Tocantins), Northeastern (states of Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe), Southeastern (states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo), Southern (states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina), and Center-Western (states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Distrito Federal).

Systematic Account

Family Ligiidae Leach, 1814

Genus Ligia Fabricius, 1798

1. Ligia baudinianaMilne-Edwards, 1840

Ligia baudinianaMilne-Edwards, 1840: 155-156.

Lygida baudiniana-Moreira, 1931: 433.

Ligia (Hirtiligia) baudiniana -Van Name, 1936: 58, fig. 14. -Vandel, 1952a: 80.

Ligia baudiniana-Andersson, 1960a: 540. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 657. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 2. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 124.

Distribution. Atlantic and Pacific American coasts, from Florida to Brazil and from California to Ecuador, including the Galapagos Islands (Schmalfuss, 2003; López-Orozco et al., 2014). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Paraíba, Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro (Souza-Kury, 1998).

2. Ligia exotica Roux, 1828

Ligia exoticaRoux, 1828: 3, pl. XIII, fig. 9. -Andersson, 1960a: 540, fig. 1k-l. -Lemos de Castro, 1971: 9, fig. 4. -Souza, 1998: 101. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 657. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 2. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 124. -Lopes et al., 2006: 5, figs. 2-15. -Lopes-Leitzke et al., 2009: 735, figs. 1-7. - Lopes-Leitzke, 2011: 149, figs. 1-8.

Ligyda exotica-Richardson, 1905: 676, figs. 716, 717. -Van Name, 1920: 72, figs. 27-30. -Moreira, 1931: 433.

Ligyda olfersii-Richardson, 1905: 674, figs. 714, 715. -Van Name, 1920: 77, figs. 31-34. -Moreira, 1931: 433.

Ligia (Megaligia) olfersii -Van Name, 1936: 53, figs. 5d, 11.

Ligia olfersii-Souza-Kury, 1998: 657. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 127.

Distribution. Circumtropical species (Schmalfuss, 2003). Specimens of L. exotica deposited in the UFRGS collection were sampled in Salvador, state of Bahia (9♂, 5♀, UFRGS 4697); Bombinhas, state of Santa Catarina (7♂, 5♀, UFRGS 4696); and Torres, state of Rio Grande do Sul (3♂, 10♀, UFRGS 2499). To date, this species is recorded from the states of Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (Richardson, 1905; Andersson, 1960a; Lopes et al., 2006; Lopes-Leitzke et al., 2009; 2011).

Family Tylidae Milne-Edwards, 1840

Genus Tylos Audouin, 1826

3. Tylos niveus Budde-Lund, 1885

Tylos niveusBudde-Lund, 1885: 274. -Lemos de Castro, 1971: 9, fig. 15. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 668. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 4. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 282. -Silva and Alves, 2000: 268, figs. 1-23.

Tylos latreillii niveus-Lemos de Castro, 1952: 2, figs. 1-13.

Distribution. Tylos niveus is recorded from the coasts of Florida (USA), Bahamas, Belize, Bermudas, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba and other Caribbean Islands, Ecuador, Mexico, Venezuela, and Puerto Rico (Schmalfuss, 2003; Jass and Klausmeier, 2006; Hurtado et al., 2014; Carpio-Díaz et al., 2016; Taiti et al., 2018). In Brazil, it is considered an introduced species and recorded from the states of Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina (Lemos de Castro, 1952; Leistikow and Wägele, 1999; Silva and Alves, 2000; Schmalfuss, 2003).

Family Trichoniscidae Sars, 1899

Genus Haplophthalmus Schöbl, 1860

4. Haplophthalmus danicus Budde-Lund, 1880

Haplophthalmus danicusBudde-Lund, 1880: 9. -Lemos de Castro, 1971: 3, fig. 2. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 668 Araujo and Bueno, 1998: 185. - Araujo, 1999a: 247, fig. 12. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 6. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 104.

Distribution. European species introduced to many parts of the world (Vandel, 1963; Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, the species is recorded from the states of Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo (Lemos de Castro, 1971; Araujo and Bueno, 1998).

Genus Miktoniscus Kesselyák, 1930

5. Miktoniscus medcofi ( Van Name, 1940 )

Trichoniscus (Miktoniscus) medcofiVan Name, 1940: 109, fig. 2.

Miktoniscus medcofi-Lemos de Castro, 1953: 529, fig. I. - Lemos de Castro, 1971: 10, fig. 3. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 668. -Araujo and Bueno, 1998: 186. - Araujo, 1999a: 241, fig. 11. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 7. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 166. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 363, figs. 1-4. - Campos-Filho et al., 2015a: 117. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 2.

Distribution. Miktoniscus medcofi is recorded from Brazil, Mexico and southern and central USA (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is considered an introduced species, recorded from the states of Pará, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul (Araujo and Bueno, 1998; Campos-Filho et al., 2014; 2015a; 2017c).

Family Styloniscidae Vandel, 1952

Genus Clavigeroniscus Arcangeli, 1930

6. Clavigeroniscus riquieri ( Arcangeli, 1930 )

Trichoniscus riquieriArcangeli, 1930: 25, fig. VIII, 1-14.

Clavigeroniscus riquieri-Lemos de Castro, 1967: 314. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 667. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 9. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 72.

Distribution. Pantropical species (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Amapá and Pará (Lemos de Castro, 1967).

Genus Cordioniscus Gräeve, 1914

7. Cordioniscus stebbingi ( Patience, 1907 )

Trichoniscus stebbingiPatience, 1907: 42, pl. VIII.

Cordioniscus stebbingi-Lemos de Castro, 1953: 533, Estampa II. - Lemos de Castro, 1971: 2. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 667. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 9. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 74.

Distribution. Synanthropic species introduced to many parts of the world (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (Lemos de Castro, 1953; 1971).

Genus Cylindroniscus Arcangeli, 1929

8. Cylindroniscus flaviae Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2017

Cylindroniscus flavieCampos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2017a: 229, figs. 1A, C, 2-5. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017b: 70. -Silva et al., 2018: 56.

Distribution. Troglophile and endemic species recorded from several caves in the Açungui karst area, state of São Paulo (Campos-Filho et al., 2017a).

9. Cylindroniscus platoi Fernandes, Campos-Filho and Bichuette, 2018

Cylindroniscus platoiFernandes, Campos-Filho and Bichuette, 2018: 413, figs 1-6.

Distribution. Troglobitic and endemic species recorded from the Pedro Leopoldo karst area, state of Minas Gerais (Fernandes et al., 2018).

Genus Iuiuniscus Souza, Ferreira and Senna, 2015

10. Iuiuniscus iuiuensis Souza, Ferreira and Senna, 2015

Iuiuniscus iuiuensisSouza, Ferreira and Senna, 2015: 6, figs. 1-3, 4D, E, 5, 6. -Campos-Filho et al., 2016: 2. -Angarten et al., 2017: 17. -Bastos-Pereira et al., 2017: 292. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017b: 70. -Cavalcanti, 2017: 50, Tab. 2. -Gallão and Bichuette, 2018: 7, Tab. 1. -Silva et al., 2018: 55.

Distribution. Troglobitic and amphibious species endemic to Lapa do Baixão cave, Iuiú, state of Bahia (Souza et al., 2015).

Genus Pectenoniscus Andersson, 1960

11. Pectenoniscus angulatus Andersson, 1960

Pectenoniscus angulatusAndersson, 1960a: 550, figs. 6, 7. -Bastos-Pereira et al., 2017: 292.

Distribution. Endogean species endemic to Nova Teutonia, state of Santa Catarina (Andersson, 1960a).

Genus Spelunconiscus Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014

12. Spelunconiscus castroi Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014

Spelunconiscus castroiCampos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 368, figs. 5-8, 40. - Campos-Filho et al., 2016: 2. -Angarten et al., 2017: 17. -Bastos-Pereira et al., 2017: 292. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017b: 70. -Cavalcanti, 2017: 50, Tab. 2. -Gallão and Bichuette, 2018: 7, Tab. 1. -Silva et al., 2018: 56.

Distribution. Troglobitic and amphibious species endemic to Gruta MOC-32 cave, Matozinhos, state of Minas Gerais (Campos-Filho et al., 2014).

Genus Styloniscus Dana, 1852

13. Styloniscus sp. (cf. S. otakensis sensu Vandel, 1952 nec Chilton, 1901 )

Styloniscus otakensis-Lopes et al., 2005: 101, Tab. 1. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tab. 1.

Remarks.Chilton (1901) described Trichoniscus otakensis from South Island, New Zealand. The author mentioned that the buccal pieces, male pereopods and pleopods 1 and 2 were similar to T. phormianus [= Styloniscus p. (Chilton, 1901)] and did not describe them. Vandel (1952b), based on material from Omaio, east coast of North Island, New Zealand, placed the species in the genus Styloniscus and provided the description and illustrations of the sexual characters of the male, i.e., the pereopod 7 ischium distally enlarged, pleopod 1 exopod triangular and pleopod 2 endopod very long with tapering distal portion. Green (1971) revised Chilton’s type material and in the illustration of the male pereopod 7 ischium the enlargement figured by Vandel is not present, the male pleopod 1 exopod is concave on outer distal portion and the male pleopod 2 endopod is stout and slightly cleft at apex. However, Green considered Vandel’s specimens as a variation within the species. Comparing the descriptions provided by the authors, it is clear that the specimens examined by Vandel (1952b) correspond to a different species from that described by Chilton (1901). Recently, the same morphological characteristics described by Vandel (1952b) were observed in specimens collected from Brazil (Lopes et al. 2005; Zimmermann et al. 2015a; present material). However, it is not certain that the Brazilian specimens are identical to those from New Zealand described by Vandel and a comparison with those specimens is necessary. Certainly, they do not belong to S. otakensis (Chilton, 1901).

Distribution. Recorded from the Parque Estadual do Monge, state of Paraná, and São Francisco de Paula, state of Rio Grande do Sul (Zimmermann et al., 2015a). Specimens deposited at UFRGS were sampled from Parque Estadual do Monge, state of Paraná (1♂, 1♀, 3 juveniles, UFRGS 6544).

14. Styloniscus spinosus (Patience, 1907)

Trichoniscus spinosusPatience, 1907: 85, pl. III.

Styloniscus spinosus-Magrini et al., 2010: 216. - Magrini et al., 2011: 65. -Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 2.

Distribution. This species is recorded from greenhouses in Great Britain, Hawaii (USA), Madagascar, Mauritius and Réunion (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is considered introduced and recorded from the states of Paraná, São Paulo and Santa Catarina (Magrini et al., 2010; 2011; Campos-Filho et al., 2017c).

Genus Xangoniscus Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014

15. Xangoniscus aganju Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014

Thailandoniscus sp. 2 -Trajano and Bichuette, 2010: 10, Tab. 1. -Cavalcanti, 2017: 50, Tab. 2.

Xangoniscus aganjuCampos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 373, figs. 9-13, 40. - Campos-Filho et al., 2016: 2. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017b: 70. -Fernandes et al., 2016: 7, Tab. 1. -Trajano et al., 2016: 1817. -Angarten et al., 2017: 17. -Bastos-Pereira et al., 2017: 292. -Cavalcanti, 2017: 50, Tab. 2. -Gallão and Bichuette, 2018: 7, Tab. 1. -Silva et al., 2018: 56.

Distribution. Troglobitic and amphibious species endemic to Gruna do Mandiaçu cave, Cariranha, state of Bahia (Campos-Filho et al., 2014).

16. Xangoniscus itacarambiensis Bastos-Pereira, Souza and Ferreira, 2017

Xangoniscus itacarambiensisBastos-Pereira, Souza and Ferreira, 2017: 292, figs. 1D-5. -Campos-Filho et al., 2017b: 70. -Gallão and Bichuette, 2018: 7, Tab. 1. -Silva et al., 2018: 56, Tabs. 1-4, figs. 2c, 3-9, 10a-d, f.

Distribution. Troglobitic and amphibious species endemic to Olhos D’Água cave, Itacarambi, state of Minas Gerais (Bastos-Pereira et al., 2017).

17. Xangoniscus odara Campos-Filho, Bichuette and Taiti, 2016

Xangoniscus odaraCampos-Filho, Bichuette and Taiti, 2016: 2, figs. 2-7, 14. -Angarten et al., 2017: 17. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017b: 70. -Bastos-Pereira et al., 2017: 292. -Gallão and Bichuette, 2018: 7, Tab. 1. -Silva et al., 2018: 56.

Distribution. Troglobitic and amphibious species endemic to Lapa do Cipó cave, Itacarambi, state of Minas Gerais (Campos-Filho et al., 2016).

Family Olibrinidae Budde-Lund, 1913

Genus Olibrinus Budde-Lund, 1913

18. Olibrinus antennatus ( Budde-Lund, 1902 )

Trichoniscus antennatusBudde-Lund, 1902: 379.

Olibrinus antennatus-Araujo and Taiti, 2007: 347, figs. 1, 2.

? Olibrinus sp. -Lemos de Castro, 1972a: 357. -Taiti and Ferrara, 2004: 227.

Distribution. Amphibious species common to mangroves and under coral rocks along the coasts of the tropics (Araujo and Taiti, 2007). In Brazil, it is recorded from Rocas Atoll, state of Rio Grande do Norte (Araujo and Taiti, 2007).

Family Alloniscidae Schimdt, 2003

Genus Alloniscus Dana, 1854

19. Alloniscus buckupi Campos-Filho and Cardoso, 2018

Alloniscus buckupiCampos-Filho and Cardoso, in Campos-Filho et al., 2018a: 2, figs. 1-4.

Distribution. Supralitoral and endemic to Brazil (state of Paraíba) (Campos-Filho et al., 2018a).

Family Philosciidae Kinahan, 1857

Genus Alboscia Schultz, 1995

20. Alboscia itapuensis Araujo and Quadros, 2005

Alboscia itapuensisAraujo and Quadros, 2005: 56, figs. 1-20.

Distribution. Endogean species endemic to Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul) (Araujo and Quadros, 2005).

21. Alboscia ornata Araujo, 1999

Alboscia ornataAraujo, 1999b: 491, figs. 17-31. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 10.

Distribution. Endogean species endemic to Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul) (Araujo, 1999b).

22. Alboscia silveirensis Araujo, 1999

Alboscia silveirensisAraujo, 1999b: 489, figs. 1-16. -Lopes et al., 2005: 101, Tab. 1. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 10.

Distribution. Endogean species endemic to Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul) (Araujo, 1999b; Lopes et al., 2005).

Genus Androdeloscia Leistikow, 1999

23. Androdeloscia albamaculata (Lima, 1996)

Prosekia albamaculataLima, 1996a: 102, figs. 1-17. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 661. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 22.

Prosekia albomaculata [sic] -Schmalfuss, 2003: 216.

Androdeloscia albamaculata-Leistikow, 2001a: 112. - Leistikow, 2001b: 6, Tab. 1. -López-Orozco et al., 2016: 19.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Marchantaria Island, state of Amazonas) (Lima, 1996a).

24. Androdeloscia digitata Leistikow, 1999

Androdeloscia digitataLeistikow, 1999: 836, figs. 60-63, 65. - Leistikow, 2001b: 6, Tab. 1. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 18. -Schmidt and Leistikow, 2005: 127, fig 37. -Grangeiro and Christoffersen, 2010: 79. -López-Orozco et al., 2016: 25.

Distribution. Endemic to Northern Brazil (state of Amazonas) (Leistikow, 1999).

25. Androdeloscia escalonai Schmidt and Leistikow, 2005

Androdeloscia escalonaiSchmidt and Leistikow, 2005: 128, figs. 9-15. -Grangeiro et al., 2017: 375, fig. 7.

Distribution. This species was originally described from Cueva del Viento, Falcón, Venezuela (Schmidt and Leistikow, 2005). In Brazil, it is recorded from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Itacoatiara, state of Amazonas (Grangeiro et al., 2017).

26. Androdeloscia leilae Grangeiro and Christoffersen, 2010

Androdeloscia leilaeGrangeiro and Christoffersen, 2010: 80, figs. 1-5.

Distribution. Endemic to Northern Brazil (Januari Lake and Tarumã Mirim River, Amazon Forest, state of Amazonas) (Grangeiro and Christoffersen, 2010).

27. Androdeloscia lejeunei ( Lemos de Castro and Souza, 1986 )

Prosekia lejeuneiLemos de Castro and Souza, 1986: 432, figs. 13-26. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 662. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 22. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 216.

Androdeloscia lejeunei-Leistikow, 2001a: 112. - Leistikow, 2001b: 6, Tab. 1. -López-Orozco et al., 2016: 19. -Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 2.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Pará) (Lemos de Castro and Souza, 1986; Campos-Filho et al., 2017).

28. Androdeloscia silvatica ( Lemos de Castro and Souza, 1986 )

Prosekia silvaticaLemos de Castro and Souza, 1986: 432, figs. 1-12. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 662. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 22.

Androdeloscia silvatica-Leistikow, 1999: 838. - Leistikow, 2001a: 112. - Leistikow, 2001b: 6, Tab. 1. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 18. -Schmidt and Leistikow, 2005: 117, figs. 5, 6, 37. -Souza and Grangeiro, 2006: 35, figs. 1, 2, 4. - Grangeiro and Christoffersen, 2010: 80. -López-Orozco et al., 2016: 21.

Distribution. Endemic to the Brazilian and Venezuelan Amazon (Schmidt, 2007). In Brazil, this species is recorded from the states of Amazonas and Ceará (Lemos de Castro and Souza, 1986; Souza and Grangeiro, 2006). The state of Ceará is inserted into the Chacoan subregion (sensu Morrone 2014), and the Caatinga is the most expressive biome of the state (Oliveira et al., 2012). However, A. silvatica was recorded from a ‘brejo’ forest in the Araripe Plateou (Souza and Grangeiro, 2006), a historical bridge between the Amazon and Atlantic forests (Costa, 2003). According to Souza and Grangeiro (2006), this species represents a relict of an ancient connection between the Amazon and Atlantic forests, when the central portion of Brazil was covered by rain forests due to the moister conditions (see also Costa, 2003; Ledo and Colli, 2017).

29. Androdeloscia tarumae (Lemos de Castro, 1984)

Prosekia tarumaeLemos de Castro, 1984a: 442, figs. 1, 2. -Warburg et al., 1997: 52, figs. 1, 2. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 662. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 22. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 217.

Androdeloscia tarumae-Leistikow, 1999: 839. - Leistikow, 2001a: 112. - Leistikow, 2001b: 6, Tab. 1. -Schmidt and Leistikow, 2005: 127. -Grangeiro and Christoffersen, 2010: 80. -López-Orozco et al., 2016: 19.

Distribution. Endemic to Northern Brazil (Tarumã Mirim River, Manaus, state of Amazonas) (Lemos de Castro, 1984a).

Genus Atlantoscia Ferrara and Taiti, 1981

30. Atlantoscia antennamaculata Campos-Filho, Cardoso and Araujo, 2018

Atlantoscia antennamaculataCampos-Filho, Cardoso and Araujo, in Zimmermann et al., 2018b: 553, figs. 1-3, 7, 8, Tabs. 1, 2.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Santa Catarina) (Zimmermann et al., 2018b).

31. Atlantoscia australis Campos-Filho, Cardoso and Araujo, 2018

Atlantoscia australisCampos-Filho, Cardoso and Araujo, in Zimmermann et al., 2018b: 555, figs. 4-6, 7, 8, Tabs. 1, 2.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Santa Catarina) (Zimmermann et al., 2018b).

32. Atlantoscia floridana ( Van Name, 1940 )

Philoscia floridanaVan Name, 1940: 113, fig. 4.

Chaetophiloscia paulensis-Vandel, 1963: 74, figs. 7, 8. -Lemos de Castro, 1971: 11. - Lemos de Castro, 1972a: 357.

Chaetophiloscia sp. -Vandel, 1963: 76.

Atlantoscia alceui-Ferrara and Taiti, 1981: 190, figs. 1-4. -Lemos de Castro, 1985a: 418, figs. 1-16.

Atlantoscia floridana-Taiti and Ferrara, 1991: 902, figs. 1-15. -Araujo et al., 1996: 115, figs. 11-14 and 64. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 658. - Araujo, 1999a: 249, fig. 16. - Araujo and Leistikow, 1999: 117, figs. 6-10. - Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 13. - Leistikow, 2001b: 6. - Leistikow and Araujo, 2001: 330, fig. 1, pl. 1a, b. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 49. - Araujo and Bond-Buckup, 2004: 1, figs. 2-6, Tabs. 1-3. - Araujo and Bond-Buckup, 2005: 290, figs. 3-11, Tabs. 1-5. - Araujo et al., 2004a: 952, figs. 1-46, Tabs. 1, 2. - Araujo et al., 2004b: 222, figs. 2-30, Tabs. 1-3. -Lopes et al., 2005: 101, Tab. 1. -Almerão et al., 2006: 474, fig. 4. -Quadros and Araujo, 2007: 242, figs. 1-3, Tabs. 1, 2. - Quadros and Araujo, 2008: 59, figs. 1, 2, Tabs. 1-5. - Quadros et al., 2009: 244, figs. 1, 3, Tabs. 1, 2. - Quadros, 2010: 573, fig. 1. -Campos-Filho et al., 2012: 141. -Zimmermann et al., 2012: 712, fig. 1, Tab. 1. - Campos-Filho et al., 2013b: 464, fig. 12a- Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, fig. 2, Tabs. 1, 2. - Zimmermann et al., 2015b: 702, figs. 5, 6, Tabs. 1-3. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 5. -Wood et al., 2017: 4, figs. 4-7. - Zimmermann et al., 2018a: 474, Tabs. 1, 2, figs. 5, 6. - Zimmermann et al., 2018c, figs. 1-4.

nec Philoscia paulensis-Moreira, 1927: 194, figs. 1-3. - Moreira, 1931: 426, fig. 1. -Lemos de Castro, 1958a: 7. - Lemos de Castro, 1976: 391.

Distribution. Atlantoscia floridana was originally described from Florida, USA (Van Name, 1940) and recorded from Argentina, Brazil, coastal regions of Florida, and Ascension and St. Helena Island (Schmalfuss, 2003; Campos-Filho et al., 2013b). In Brazil, it is widely distributed from Amapá to Rio Grande do Sul states (Campos-Filho et al., 2013b; 2017c).

33. Atlantoscia inflata Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2015

Atlantoscia inflataCampos Filho and Araujo, in Zimmermann et al., 2015b: 705, figs. 1, 2, 5, 6, Tabs. 1-3. - Zimmermann et al., 2018a: 475, Tabs. 1, 2, figs. 5, 6. - Zimmernamm et al. 2018c, figs. 1-4.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul) (Zimmermann et al., 2015b).

34. Atlantoscia meloi Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2015

Atlantoscia meloiCampos Filho and Araujo, in Zimmermann et al., 2015b: 708, figs. 3-6, Tabs. 1-3. - Zimmermann et al., 2018a: 475, Tabs. 1, 2, figs. 5, 6.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Santa Catarina) (Zimmermann et al., 2015b).

35. Atlantoscia petronioi Campos-Filho, Contreira and Lopes-Leitzke, 2012

Atlantoscia petronioiCampos-Filho, Contreira and Lopes-Leitzke, 2012: 138, figs. 1-5. - Campos-Filho et al., 2013b: 466, fig. 12b. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, fig. 2, Tabs. 1, 2. - Zimmermann et al., 2015b: 704, figs. 5, 6, Tabs. 1-3. - Zimmermann et al., 2018a: 475, Tabs. 1, 2, figs. 5, 6. - Zimmernamm et al. 2018c, figs. 1-4.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul) (Campos-Filho et al., 2012; Zimmermann et al., 2015a, 2015b).

36. Atlantoscia sulcata Campos-Filho, Lisboa and Araujo, 2013

Atlantoscia sulcataCampos-Filho, Lisboa and Araujo, 2013b: 472, figs. 6-12. -Zimmermann et al., 2015b: 704, figs. 5, 6, Tabs. 1-3. - Zimmermann et al., 2018a: 475, Tabs. 1, 2, fig. 5.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of São Paulo) (Campos-Filho et al., 2013b).

Genus Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908

37. Benthana aimores Campos-Filho, Taiti and Araujo, 2015

Benthana aimoresCampos-Filho, Taiti and Araujo, 2015b: 56, figs. 35, 36, 43.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Espírito Santo) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

38. Benthana albomarginata Lemos de Castro, 1958

Benthana albomarginataLemos de Castro, 1958b: 95, figs. 16-20. -Boyko, 1997: 6. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 658. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 13. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 53. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 23, figs. 12, 13, 16C.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Espírito Santo and São Paulo) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

39. Benthana araucariana Araujo and Lopes, 2003

Benthana araucarianaAraujo and Lopes, 2003: 2433, figs. 32-44, 47, 49. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 53. - Lopes et al., 2005: 101, Tab. 1. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 53, fig. 33C.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

40. Benthana bocainensis Lemos de Castro, 1958

Benthana bocainensisLemos de Castro, 1958b: 113, figs. 87-92. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 558. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 13. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 53. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 35, figs. 21, 22, 25C.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Serra da Bocaina, Lageado, state of São Paulo) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

41. Benthana cairensis Sokolowicz, Araujo and Boelter, 2008

Benthana cairensisSokolowicz, Araujo and Boelter, 2008: 315, figs. 1-28. - Costa et al., 2014: 173, fig. 3. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 53, fig. 33D. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b; Zimmermann et al., 2015a).

42. Benthana canastraensis Campos-Filho, Taiti and Araujo, 2015

Benthana canastraensisCampos-Filho, Taiti and Araujo, 2015b: 63, figs. 41-43.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Casca d’Anta, Serra da Canastra, state of Minas Gerais) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

43. Benthana carijos Costa, Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2014

Benthana carijos Costa, Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2014: 170, figs. 1-3. - Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 54, fig. 34D.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of São Paulo and Santa Catarina) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

44. Benthana convexa Lemos de Castro, 1958

Benthana convexaLemos de Castro, 1958b: 93, figs. 10-15. -Lenko, 1971: 7. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 659. -Araujo and Leistikow, 1999: 23, figs. 17-22. - Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 13. - Leistikow, 2001b: 6, Tab. 1 -Schmalfuss, 2003: 53. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 22, fig. 16B.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santa Catarina) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

45. Benthana dimorpha Lemos de Castro, 1985

Benthana dimorphaLemos de Castro, 1985b: 246, figs. 14-25. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 659. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 14. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 53. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 44, figs. 28, 29, 32B.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Espírito Santo) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

46. Benthana goitacas Campos-Filho, Taiti and Araujo, 2015

Benthana goitacasCampos-Filho, Taiti and Araujo, 2015b: 56, figs. 37, 38, 43.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Espírito Santo) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

47. Benthana guayanas Campos-Filho, Costa and Araujo, 2013

Benthana guayanasCampos-Filho, Costa and Araujo, 2013a: 8, figs. 6-8. - Campos-Filho et al., 2015a: 112. - Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 54, fig. 34C.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Rio de Janeiro and Paraná) (Campos-Filho et al., 2013a; 2015b).

48. Benthana iporangensis Lima and Serejo, 1993

Benthana iporangensisLima and Serejo, 1993: 490, figs. 1-4. -Pinto-da-Rocha, 1995: 97. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 659. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 14. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 53. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: figs. 30, 31, 32C. -Pires et al., 2015: 69, Tab. 1. -Trajano et al., 2016: 1819. -Bastos-Pereira et al., 2017: 292. -Cavalcanti, 2017: 49, Tab. 2. -Gallão and Bichuette, 2018: 7, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Troglobitic and endemic species recorded from Iporanga karst region, state of São Paulo (Campos-Filho et al., 2014, 2015b).

49. Benthana itaipuensis Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2011

Benthana itaipuensisCampos-Filho and Araujo, 2011a: 39, figs. 1-5. - Campos-Filho et al., 2013a: 3, 13. - Campos-Filho et al., 2015a: 112. - Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 54, fig. 34B. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Foz do Iguaçu, state of Paraná) (Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2011). This species was collected near the borders with Argentina and Paraguay (see Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2011a).

50. Benthana longicaudata (Lemos de Castro, 1958)

Benthanoscia longicaudataLemos de Castro, 1958c: 2, figs. 1-14. -Boyko, 1997: 6. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 660. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 15. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 54.

Benthana longicaudata - Leistikow, 2001b: 6, Tab. 1. - Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 37, figs. 23, 24, 25D.

Benthana (Benthanoscia) longicaudata -Leistikow and Araujo, 2006: 250, figs. 6-8.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

51. Benthana longicornis Verhoeff, 1941

Benthana longicornisVerhoeff, 1941a: 121, figs. 1-7. -Gruner, 1955: 446, figs. 10-13. -Lemos de Castro, 1958b: 115, figs. 93-98. -Andersson, 1960a: 557, fig. 10. - Andersson, 1960b: 415. -Araujo et al., 1996: 115, figs. 5-10. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 659. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 14. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 53. -Costa et al., 2014: 173, fig. 3. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 13, figs. 5, 6, 9C.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Distrito Federal and states of Paraná, São Paulo and Santa Catarina) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

52. Benthana longipenis Lemos de Castro, 1958

Benthana longipenisLemos de Castro, 1958b: 109, figs. 69-77. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 659. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 14. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 53. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 32, figs. 19, 20, 25B. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 8.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, and São Paulo) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b; 2017c).

53. Benthana moreirai Lemos de Castro, 1985

Benthana moreiraiLemos de Castro, 1985b: 241, figs. 1-13. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 659. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 14. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 53. -Costa et al., 2014: 174, fig. 3. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 41, figs. 26, 27, 32A.

Benthana (Benthanoscia) moreirai -Leistikow and Araujo, 2006: 254.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of São Paulo and Santa Catarina) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

54. Benthana olfersii ( Brandt, 1833 )

Philoscia olfersiiBrandt, 1833: 183. -Milne-Edwards, 1840: 164. -Stuxberg, 1875: 43. -Budde-Lund, 1880: 2. - BuddeLund, 1885: 212. -Kraepelin, 1901: 204. -Van Name, 1925: 465.

Oniscus nigrescensDana, 1853: 728, pl. XLVIII, fig. 1a-c. -Stuxberg, 1875: 43.

Philoscia (Benthana) olfersii -Budde-Lund, 1908: 289. -Jackson, 1926: 193, pl. VI. -Van Name, 1936: 130, fig. 62.

Halophiloscia brasiliensisMoreira, 1931: 428, Estampa II. -Van Name, 1936: 515, fig. 317. -Lemos de Castro, 1962: 6. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 14.

Benthana olfersii-Gruner, 1955: 444. -Lemos de Castro, 1958b: 98, figs. 28-35. -Lenko, 1971: 7. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 659. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 14. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 53. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 10, figs. 3, 4, 9B.

Benthana (Benthanoscia) olfersii -Sokolowicz et al., 2008: 315, fig. 27. -Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2011a: 41, fig. 6A.

nec Philoscia olfersii-Pearse, 1917: 7 (= Parischioscia omissa (Van Name, 1936)).

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

55. Benthana picta ( Brandt, 1833 )

Philoscia pictaBrandt, 1833: 183. -Milne-Edwards, 1840: 165. -Stuxberg, 1875: 43. -Budde-Lund, 1880: 2. - Budde-Lund, 1885: 213. -Dollfus, 1897: 2. -Kraepelin, 1901: 204.

Philoscia (Benthana) picta -Budde-Lund, 1908: 289, fig. 43, pl. 16. -Jackson, 1926: 193, figs. 133-136, pl. 7. -Van Name, 1936: 129, fig. 61.

Benthana picta-Gruner, 1955: 445, figs. 7-9. -Lemos de Castro, 1958b: 111, figs. 78-86. -Andersson, 1960a: 559. -Vandel, 1963: 77. -Schultz, 1995: 389. -Lenko, 1971: 7. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 659. -Araujo et al., 1996: 113, figs. 1-4. - Araujo, 1999a: 248, fig. 14. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 14. - Leistikow and Araujo, 2001: 340. - Araujo and Lopes, 2003: 2437. -Schmalfuss, 2003:53. - Lopes et al., 2005: 101, Tab. 1. -Costa et al., 2014: 174, fig. 3. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 6, figs. 1, 2, 9A. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tab. 1.

Benthana sp. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tab. 1.

nec Philoscia picta-Camargo, 1954: 126. - Camargo, 1955: 5 (= Balloniscus sellowii (Brandt, 1833)).

nec Benthana picta-Giambiagi de Calabrese, 1931: 424 (= ?).

Distribution. Endemic to South America, recorded from Brazil and Paraguay (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is distributed along the Brazilian Atlantic Forest from Espírito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul states (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

56. Benthana santosi Lemos de Castro, 1958

Benthana santosiLemos de Castro, 1958b: 106, figs. 60-68. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 660. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 14. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 54. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 28, figs. 17, 18, 25A.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

57. Benthana schmalfussi Campos-Filho, Costa and Araujo, 2013

Benthana schmalfussiCampos-Filho, Costa and Araujo, 2013a: 4, figs. 3-5. - Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 54, fig. 34B.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Rio de Janeiro) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

58. Benthana schubarti Lemos de Castro, 1958

Benthana schubartiLemos de Castro, 1958b: 91, figs. 1-9. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 660. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 54. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 18, figs. 10, 11, 16A.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

59. Benthana serrana Araujo and Lopes, 2003

Benthana serranaAraujo and Lopes, 2003: 2426, figs. 2-16, 45. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 54. - Lopes et al., 2005: 101, Tab. 1. -Costa et al., 2014: 174, fig. 3. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 51, fig. 33A.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

60. Benthana sulcata Gruner, 1955

Benthana sulcataGruner, 1955: 447, figs. 14-17. -Lemos de Castro, 1958b: 102, figs. 40-49. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 660. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 14. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 54. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 16, figs. 7, 8, 9D.

Benthana (Benthanoscia) sulcata -Leistikow and Araujo, 2006: 254.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

61. Benthana taeniata Araujo and Buckup, 1994

Benthana taeniataAraujo and Buckup, 1994a: 269, figs. 1-13, 28. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 660. - Araujo, 1999a: 248, fig. 15. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 14. - Leistikow, 2001b: 6, Tab. 1 - Araujo and Lopes, 2003: 2438. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 54. - Leistikow and Araujo, 2006: 244, figs. 1-5. -Costa et al., 2014: 175, fig. 3. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 49, fig. 32D. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tabs. 1, 2. -Bueno et al., 2018: 5, Tab. 1. - Zimmermann et al., 2018a: 475, Tabs. 1, 2, fig. 6.

? Benthana sp. 2 -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Endemic species distributed along Brazilian Atlantic Forest areas from Distrito Federal, and states of Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

62. Benthana trinodulata Araujo and Lopes, 2003

Benthana trinodulataAraujo and Lopes, 2003: 2430, figs. 17-31, 46, 48. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 54. - Lopes et al., 2005: 101, Tab. 1. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 53, fig. 33B.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

63. Benthana tupinamba Campos-Filho, Taiti and Araujo, 2015

Benthana tupinambaCampos-Filho, Taiti and Araujo, 2015b: 61, figs. 39, 40, 43. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 8.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Bahia) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

64. Benthana werneri Lemos de Castro, 1958

Benthana werneriLemos de Castro, 1958b: 104, figs. 50-59. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 660. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 15. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 54. -Magrini et al., 2010: 218. - Magrini et al., 2011: 65. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015b: 26, figs. 14, 15, 16D.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of São Paulo) (Campos-Filho et al., 2015b).

Genus Burmoniscus Collinge, 1914

65. Burmoniscus meeusei ( Holthuis, 1947 )

Chaetophiloscia meeuseiHolthuis, 1947: 124, figs. 1, 2.

Burmoniscus meeusei-Araujo et al., 1996: 118, figs. 15-21, 64. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 660. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 63. -Zimmermann et al., 2012: 712, Tab. 1. - Zimmermann et al., 2015b: 703, fig. 5, Tab. 1. - Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, fig. 2, Tabs. 1, 2. - Zimmermann et al., 2018a: 475, Tabs. 1, 2, figs. 5, 6.

Distribution. Introduced species recorded from the state of Santa Catarina (Araujo et al., 1996).

Genus Chaetophiloscia Verhoeff, 1908a

66. “Chaetophiloscia” frontalis Lemos de Castro, 1967

Chaetophiloscia frontalisLemos de Castro, 1967: 320. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 660. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 15. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 69.

Distribution. Species originally described from the state of Pará (Lemos de Castro, 1967). To date, the validity of this species within the genus is dubious (Schmalfuss, 2003).

67. “Chaetophiloscia” gatunensis ( Van Name, 1926 )

Philoscia gatunensisVan Name, 1926: 12, figs. 21, 22.

Chaetophiloscia gatunensis-Lemos de Castro, 1967: 321. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 661. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 69.

Distribution. Species originally described from the Barro Colorado Island Biological Station, Panama channel, Panama (Van Name, 1926). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Amazonas and Pará (Lemos de Castro, 1967). The validity of this species within the genus is dubious (Schmalfuss, 2003).

Genus Ischioscia Verhoeff, 1928

68. Ischioscia amazonica Lemos de Castro, 1955

Ischioscia amazonicaLemos de Castro, 1955: 51, figs. 1-8. - Lemos de Castro, 1967: 318. -Schmalfuss, 1980: 131. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 661. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 16. - Leistikow and Schmidt, 2002: 152, figs. 17-21. - Schmalfuss, 2003: 115. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 391.

Proischioscia amazonica-Vandel, 1968: 78, figs. 12, 13.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Amazonas and Pará) (Lemos de Castro, 1955; Campos-Filho et al., 2014).

69. Ischioscia irmleri Schmalfuss, 1980

Ischioscia irmleriSchmalfuss, 1980: 136, figs. 27-32. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 661. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 17. - Schmalfuss, 2003: 115.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Curari Island, Manaus, state of Amazonas) (Schmalfuss, 1980).

Genus Leonardoscia Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014

70. Leonardoscia hassalli Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014

Leonardoscia hassalliCampos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 379, figs. 14-16, 40. - Campos-Filho et al., 2016: 2. -Angarten et al., 2017: 17. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017b: 70. -Cavalcanti, 2017: 49, Tab. 2. -Gallão and Bichuette, 2018: 7, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Troglobitic and endemic species recorded from Leonardo da Vinci cave, Altamira karst region, state of Pará (Campos-Filho et al., 2014).

Genus Metaprosekia Leistikow, 2000

71. Metaprosekia caupe Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014

Metaprosekia caupeCampos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 387, figs. 20-22, 40.

Distribution. Endogean species endemic to Sugiro cave, state of Pará (Campos-Filho et al., 2014).

72. Metaprosekia quadriocellata Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014

Metaprosekia quadriocellataCampos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 383, figs. 17-19, 40.

Distribution. Endogean species endemic to Leonardo da Vinci cave, Altamira karst region, state of Pará (Campos-Filho et al., 2014).

Genus Oniscus Linnaeus, 1758

73. Oniscus asellus Linnaeus, 1758

Oniscus asellusLinnaeus, 1758: 637. -Zardo and Loyola e Silva, 1988: 791, figs. 1-4. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 658. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 24. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 161.

Distribution. European species introduced to many regions of the Americas (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the state of Paraná (Zardo and Loyola e Silva, 1988).

Genus Paratlantoscia Zimmermann, Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2018

74. Paratlantoscia ituberasensis (Campos-Filho, Lisboa and Araujo, 2013 )

Atlantoscia ituberasensisCampos-Filho, Lisboa and Araujo, 2013b: 466, fig. 12c. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 8. -Zimmermann et al., 2015b: 704, figs. 5, 6, Tabs. 1-3.

Paratlantoscia ituberasensis-Zimmermann et al., 2018a: 475, Tabs. 1, 2, figs. 5, 6.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Bahia) (Campos-Filho et al., 2013b; 2017c).

75. Paratlantoscia robusta Zimmermann, Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2018

Paratlantoscia robusta Zimmermann, Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2018a: 475, Tabs. 1, 2, figs. 1-6.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Atlantic forest areas from the state of Bahia) (Zimmermann et al., 2018a).

76. Paratlantoscia rubromarginata ( Araujo and Leistikow, 1999 )

Atlantoscia rubromarginataAraujo and Leistikow, 1999: 110, figs. 1-5. - Leistikow, 2001b: 6. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 49. -Campos-Filho et al., 2012: 141. - Campos-Filho et al., 2013b: 466, fig. 12b. -Lisboa et al., 2013: 394. -Zimmermann et al., 2015b: 704, figs. 5, 6, Tabs. 1-3. - Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tab. 1.

Paratlantoscia rubromarginata-Zimmermann et al., 2018a: 474, Tabs. 1, 2, figs. 5, 6.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Alagoas, Bahia, Pará, and Sergipe) (Campos-Filho et al., 2013b; 2017c).

Genus Parischioscia Lemos de Castro, 1967

77. Parischioscia omissa ( Van Name, 1936 )

Philoscia omissaVan Name, 1936: 140, figs. 67, 68.

Parischioscia omissa-Lemos de Castro, 1967: 319. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 661. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 20. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 173.

Distribution. Endemic to the Amazon Forest region, in Brazil, French Guiana and Guyana (Leistikow, 2001c; Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from Serra do Navio, state of Amapá (Lemos de Castro, 1967).

Genus Pseudotyphloscia Verhoeff, 1928

78. Pseudotyphloscia alba ( Dollfus, 1898 )

Philoscia albaDollfus, 1898:381, figs. 29a, b, pl. 15, fig. 29.

Pseudotyphloscia alba-Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 9.

Distribution. Widespread species known from southern China, Indonesia (Sulawesi, Java, Krakatau Is, Bali), Philippines, Taiwan and glasshouses in England (Kwon and Taiti, 1993; Gregory, 2014). In Brazil, it is considered an introduced species recorded from the states of Minas Gerais and Paraná (Campos-Filho et al., 2017c).

Genus Xiphoniscus Vandel, 1968

79. Xiphoniscus adisi Grangeiro, Souza and Christoffersen, 2017

Xiphoniscus adisiGrangeiro, Souza and Christoffersen, 2017: 376, figs. 1-7.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Tarumã Mirim River, state of Amazonas) (Grangeiro et al., 2017).

Family Balloniscidae Vandel, 1963

Genus Balloniscus Budde-Lund, 1908

80. Balloniscus glaber Araujo and Zardo, 1995

Balloniscus glaberAraujo and Zardo, 1995: 785, figs. 1-17. - Araujo, 1999a: 250, fig. 18. -Lopes et al., 2005: 101, Tab. 1. -Almerão et al., 2006: 474, fig 4. - Almerão et al., 2012: 981, fig. 2, Tabs., 1, 2. -Meinhardt et al., 2007: 1108, figs. 1, 2, Tabs. 1, 2. -Quadros and Araujo, 2007: 242, figs. 1-3, Tabs. 1, 2. - Quadros and Araujo, 2008: 59, figs. 1, 2, Tabs. 1-4. - Quadros et al., 2009: 244, figs. 2, 3, Tabs. 1, 2. - Quadros, 2010: 573. -Appel et al., 2011: 125, Tab. 1. -Zimmermann et al., 2012: 712. - Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tabs. 1, 2. -Kenne and Araujo, 2015: 430, figs. 1-7, Tabs. 1, 2. -Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 9. -Wood et al., 2017: 4, figs. 1-3, 7.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina) (Campos-Filho et al., 2017c).

81. Balloniscus sellowi ( Brandt, 1833 )

Philoscia sellowiiBrandt, 1833: 43. -Budde-Lund, 1885: 218.

Philoscia (Balloniscus) sellowii -Budde-Lund, 1908: 289, pl. XVI, fig. 3. -Van Name, 1936: 136.

Philoscia paulensis-Moreira, 1927: 194, figs. 1-3. - Moreira, 1931: 426, figs. 1-8. -Lemos de Castro, 1958a: 7.

Balloniscus sellowii-Lemos de Castro, 1976: 392, figs. 1-13. -Araujo et al., 1996: 120, figs. 22-27, 65. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 654. - Araujo, 1999a: 249, fig. 17. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 31. - Leistikow, 2001b: 3, Tab. 1 -Schmalfuss, 2003: 51. -Lopes et al., 2005: 101, Tab. 1. -Almerão et al., 2012: 981, fig. 2, Tabs. 1, 2. -Wood et al., 2012: 234, fig. 2. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 703, fig. 2, Tabs. 1, 2. -Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 9. - Zimmermann et al., 2018a: 475, Tabs. 1, 2, figs. 5, 6.

Distribution. Endemic to South America, recorded from Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is distributed from Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul states (Campos-Filho et al., 2017c).

Family Halophilosciidae Verhoeff, 1908a

Genus Littorophiloscia Hatch, 1947

82. Littorophiloscia culebrae ( Moore, 1901 )

Philoscia culebraeMoore, 1901: 176, pl. 11, figs. 13-17.

Littorophiloscia culebrae-Araujo and Taiti, 2007: 348. -Lisboa et al., 2017: 354, fig. 1.

Distribution. Circumtropical species (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from Rocas Atoll, state of Rio Grande do Norte (Araujo and Taiti, 2007).

83. Littorophiloscia denticulata ( Ferrara and Taiti, 1982 )

Bilawrencia denticulataFerrara and Taiti, 1982: 469, figs. 6, 7A-J.

Littorophiloscia denticulata-Lisboa et al. 2017: 354, fig. 1.

Distribution. Species originally described from Andaman Islands (Ferrara and Taiti, 1982). It is recorded from Guatemala (Schmidt and Leistikow, 2004), and Brazil (state of Bahia) (Lisboa et al., 2017). Based on these records, it can be considered a species with circumtropical distribution.

84. Littorophiloscia insularis ( Lemos de Castro and Souza, 1986 )

Prosekia insularisLemos de Castro and Souza, 1986: 435, figs. 5, 6. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 662. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 22. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 216.

Littorophiloscia insularis-Leistikow, 2001a: 120. -Lisboa et al., 2017: 354, fig. 1.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Fortaleza Island, São João de Pirabas, state of Pará) (Lemos de Castro and Souza, 1986).

85. Littorophiloscia tropicalis Taiti and Ferrara, 1986

Littorophiloscia compar compar-Lemos de Castro, 1965: 94, figs. 31-33.

Littorophiloscia tropicalisTaiti and Ferrara, 1986: 1361, figs. 1, 9. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 661. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 18. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 133. -Lisboa et al., 2017: 354, fig. 1.

Remarks. Lemos de Castro’s paper on Littorophiloscia compar was first published as a preprint in 1965, but the final volume was published in 1968.

Distribution. Circumtropical species (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro (Lemos de Castro, 1965; Lisboa et al., 2017).

Family Scleropactidae Verhoeff, 1938

Genus Amazoniscus Lemos de Castro, 1967

86. Amazoniscus arlei Lemos de Castro, 1967

Amazoniscus arleiLemos de Castro, 1967: 326. - Lemos de Castro, 1969: 2, figs. 1-11. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 665. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 37. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 15. - Souza et al., 2006: 41, fig. 20. -Schmidt, 2007: 13, figs. 12, 189-196; Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 395. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 10.

nec Amazoniscus arlei-Schmidt, 2007: 64 (partim: specimens from Leopoldina, state of Minas Gerais).

Remarks.Schmidt (2007) redescribed Amazoniscus arleiLemos de Castro, 1967 based on type material from the states of Amapá and Pará, and recorded the species also from the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. Campos-Filho et al. (2017c) recognized that the specimens of A. arlei from Minas Gerais examined by Schmidt belong to the new species A. schmidti Campos-Filho, Montesanto and Taiti, 2017. Most probably the record of A. arlei from the state of Rio de Janeiro represents a different species. However, further studies should be conducted to confirm this statement.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil. Common species in the Brazilian Amazon Forest (states of Amapá, Pará, and Tocantins), and in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Lemos de Castro, 1967; Souza et al., 2006; Schmidt, 2007).

87. Amazoniscus eleonorae Souza, Bezerra and Araújo, 2006

Amazoniscus eleonoraeSouza, Bezerra and Araújo, 2006: 37, figs. 1-20. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 361, fig. 40. -Pires et al., 2015: 69, Tab. 1. - Campos-Filho et al., 2016: 2. -Angarten et al., 2017: 17. -Bastos-Pereira et al., 2017: 292. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017b: 70. -Cavalcanti, 2017: 49, Tab. 2. -Gallão and Bichuette, 2018: 7, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Troglobitic species endemic to Pedra da Cachoeira, Planaltina, and Limoeiro caves, Altamira karst region, state of Pará (Souza et al., 2006).

88. Amazoniscus leistikowi Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014

Amazoniscus leistikowiCampos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 391, figs. 23-25, 40. - Campos-Filho et al., 2016: 2. -Angarten et al., 2017: 17. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 11. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017b: 70. -Cavalcanti, 2017: 49, Tab. 2. -Gallão and Bichuette, 2018: 7, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Troglobitic species endemic to Abrigo do Sismógrafo cave, Altamira karst region, state of Pará (Campos-Filho et al., 2014).

89. Amazoniscus schmidti Campos-Filho, Montesanto and Taiti, 2017

Amazoniscus schmidtiCampos-Filho, Montesanto and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 12, figs. 51-73.

Amazoniscus arlei-Schmidt, 2007: 64, figs. 192-195 (partim: specimens from Leopoldina, state of Minas Gerais).

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Minas Gerais) (Schmidt, 2007; Campos-Filho et al., 2017c).

90. Amazoniscus zimmeri Campos-Filho, Montesanto and Araujo, 2017

Amazoniscus zimmeriCampos-Filho, Montesanto and Araujo, in Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 10, figs. 28-50.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Pará) (Campos-Filho et al., 2017c).

Genus Circoniscus Pearse, 1917

91. Circoniscus bezzii Arcangeli, 1931

Circoniscus bezziiArcangeli, 1931: 115, pl. II. -Van Name, 1936: 311, fig. 184. -Vilela et al., 1971: 185. -Souza and Lemos de Castro, 1991: 50, figs. 23-44. -Schultz, 1995: 417, fig. 12J-M. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 666. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 38. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 81. -Schmidt, 2007: 72, figs. 224-229. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 396, fig. 40, Tabs. 1, 2. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, fig. 2, Tabs. 1, 2.

Distribution. Endemic to South America, recorded from Brazil and Paraguay (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Minas Gerais, Pará, and São Paulo (Campos-Filho et al., 2014).

92. Circoniscus buckupi Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2011

Circoniscus buckupiCampos-Filho and Araujo, 2011b: 28, figs. 1-3, 7. -Pires et al., 2015: 69, Tab. 1. - Campos-Filho et al. 2016: 2. -Angarten et al., 2017: 17. -Bastos-Pereira et al., 2017: 292. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017b: 70. -Cavalcanti, 2017: 49, Tab. 2. -Bueno et al., 2018: 6, Tab. 2. -Gallão and Bichuette, 2018: 7, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Troglobitic species endemic to Brazil with several records in caves from Parauapebas region, state of Pará (Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2011b).

93. Circoniscus carajasensis Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2011

Circoniscus carajasensisCampos-Filho and Araujo, 2011b: 34, figs. 4-7. - Campos-Filho et al. 2014: 396, fig. 40. -Pires et al., 2015: 69, Tab. 1. - Campos-Filho et al., 2016: 2. -Angarten et al., 2017: 17. -Bastos-Pereira et al., 2017: 292. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017b: 70. -Cavalcanti, 2017: 49, Tab. 2. -Gallão and Bichuette, 2018: 7, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Troglobitic species endemic to Brazil with records from caves in Canaã dos Carajás region, state of Pará (Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2011b).

94. Circoniscus hirsutus Schmidt, 2007

Circoniscus hirsutusSchmidt, 2007: 66, figs. 197-202.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Janauari Lake, Manaus, state of Amazonas) (Schmidt, 2007).

95. Circoniscus incisus Souza and Lemos de Castro, 1991

Circoniscus incisusSouza and Lemos de Castro, 1991: 56, figs. 69-90. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 666. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 38. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 82. -Schmidt, 2007: 71, figs. 218-223.

Circoniscus gracilidensSouza and Lemos de Castro, 1991: 56. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 666. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 38. -Schmidt and Wägele, 2001: 317, fig. 5a, b. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 81. - Schmidt, 2007: 85. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 396, fig. 40.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Pará and Rio de Janeiro) (Campos-Filho et al., 2014).

96. Circoniscus intermedius Souza and Lemos de Castro, 1991

Circoniscus intermediusSouza and Lemos de Castro, 1991: 53, figs. 45-68. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 666. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 38. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 82. -Schmidt, 2007: 70, fig. 217. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 396, fig. 40.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Pará) (Campos-Filho et al., 2014).

97. Circoniscus ornatus (Verhoeff, 1941)

Parcirconiscus ornatusVerhoeff, 1941b: 169, figs. 1-9.

Circoniscus gaigei-Andersson, 1960a: 565, figs. 13, 14. -Lemos de Castro, 1967: 324. -Schmalfuss, 1980: 7, figs. 7, 8, 13. -Souza and Lemos de Castro, 1991: 47, figs. 1-22. -Warburg et al., 1997: 52. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 666. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 38. - Schmalfuss, 2003: 71

Circoniscus amazonicusLima, 1996b: 92, figs. 1-26. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 666. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 37. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 71.

Not: syn. of Circoniscus gaigei -Schmalfuss, 1980: 4. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 37.

Distribution. Endemic to South America, recorded from Brazil, Peru and Suriname (Schmidt, 2007). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states Amapá, Amazonas, and Pará (Souza-Kury, 1998).

98. Circoniscus pallidus Arcangeli, 1936

Circoniscus pallidusArcangeli, 1936: 204, figs. 5-9. -Souza and Lemos de Castro, 1991: 46, fig. 108. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 38. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 72. -Schmidt, 2007: 89.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of São Paulo) (Arcangeli, 1936).

Genus Heptapactes Schmidt, 2007

99. Heptapactes quadrisaetosus Schmidt, 2007

Heptapactes quadrisaetosusSchmidt, 2007: 19, figs. 18-24.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Amazonas) (Schmidt, 2007).

Genus Microsphaeroniscus Lemos de Castro, 1984

100. Microsphaeroniscus bicolor Lemos de Castro, 1984

Microsphaeroniscus bicolorLemos de Castro, 1984b: 3, figs. 18-21.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of São Paulo) (Lemos de Castro, 1984b).

101. Microsphaeroniscus costatus Lemos de Castro, 1984

Microsphaeroniscus costatusLemos de Castro, 1984b: 3, figs. 22-26.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Parque Nacional do Itaitiaia, state of Rio de Janeiro (Lemos de Castro, 1984b).

102. Microsphaeroniscus pallidus Lemos de Castro, 1984

Microsphaeroniscus pallidusLemos de Castro, 1984b: 2, figs. 1-14.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) (Lemos de Castro, 1984b).

103. Microsphaeroniscus squamatus Lemos de Castro, 1984

Microsphaeroniscus squamatusLemos de Castro, 1984b: 4, figs. 27-38.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil, recorded from Itacuruça Island (Sepetiba Bay) and Reserva Biológica de Jacarepaguá, state of Rio de Janeiro (Lemos de Castro, 1984b).

104. Microsphaeroniscus violaceus Lemos de Castro, 1984

Microsphaeroniscus violaceusLemos de Castro, 1984b: 3, figs. 15-17.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Estação Ecológica da Boracéia, Serra do Mar, state of São Paulo) (Lemos de Castro, 1984b).

Family Rhyscotidae Budde-Lund, 1904

Genus Rhyscotus Budde-Lund, 1885

105. Rhyscotus albidemaculatus Budde-Lund, 1908

Rhyscotus albidemaculatusBudde-Lund, 1908: 302, pl. 17, fig. 46. -Souza-Kury, 1997a: 106, figs. 1-10. - Souza-Kury, 1998: 665. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 32. -Jeppesen, 2000: 230. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 229.

Distribution. Halophilous species endemic to Brazil, recorded from the littoral zone of the states of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro (Souza-Kury, 1998).

Family Dubioniscidae Schultz, 1995

Genus Calycuoniscus Collinge, 1915

106. Calycuoniscus bodkini Collinge, 1915

Calycuoniscus bodkiniCollinge, 1915: 509, pl. 50, figs. 1-12. -Lemos de Castro, 1968: 410, figs. 8-15. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 655. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 24. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 67. - Souza and Grangeiro, 2006: 38. -Campos-Filho, 2008: 49, figs. 61-64, Tab. 1. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tab. 1.

Phalloniscus bodkini-Lemos de Castro, 1960: 204.

Distribution. Species originally described from the Botanical Garden of Georgetown, Guyana (Collinge, 1915), and also recorded from Brazil (states of Amapá, Ceará and Pará) and Trinidad (Souza-Kury, 1998; Schmalfuss, 2003; Zimmermann et al., 2015a).

107. Calycuoniscus goeldii ( Lemos de Castro, 1967 )

Hileioniscus goeldiiLemos de Castro, 1967: 318.

Calycuoniscus goeldii-Lemos de Castro, 1968: 408, figs. 1-7. -Schultz, 1995: 399-400. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 656. -Cardoso et al., 2016: 113.

Dubioniscus goeldii-Schultz, 1995: 401. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 24. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 92. -Souza and Grangeiro, 2006: 37, figs. 3, 4. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 401, fig. 40.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Parque do Museu Goeldi, Belém, state of Pará) (Lemos de Castro, 1968).

Genus Dubioniscus Vandel, 1963

108. Dubioniscus delamarei Vandel, 1963

Dubioniscus delamareiVandel, 1963: 78, figs. 9-11. -Lemos de Castro, 1970a: 2. -Lenko, 1971: 7. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 656. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 24. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 92. -Cardoso et al., 2016: 113, figs. 1, 2, 13.

Distribution. Endemic to South America, recorded from Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Espírito Santo and São Paulo (Cardoso et al., 2016).

109. Dubioniscus depressus Cardoso, Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2016

Dubioniscus depressus Cardoso, Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2016: 122, figs. 7-9, 13.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Serra da Mantiqueira region, state of São Paulo) (Cardoso et al., 2016).

110. Dubioniscus elongatus Cardoso, Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2016

Dubioniscus elongatus Cardoso, Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2016: 126, figs. 10-13.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, state of Rio de Janeiro (Cardoso et al., 2016).

111. Dubioniscus marmoratus Lemos de Castro, 1970

Dubioniscus marmoratusLemos de Castro, 1970a: 3, figs. 1-10. -Schultz 1995: 401. -Souza-Kury 1998: 656. -Leistikow and Wägele 1999: 25. -Schmalfuss 2003: 92. -Campos-Filho et al. 2014: 401, fig. 40. -Cardoso et al., 2016: 117, figs. 3, 4, 13.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Rio de Janeiro) (Cardoso et al., 2016).

Genus Novamundoniscus Schultz, 1995

112. Novomundoniscus altamiraensis Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014

Novomundoniscus altamiraensisCampos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 397, figs. 26-28, 40.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Abrigos Assurini cave, state of Pará) (Campos-Filho et al., 2014).

113. Novamundoniscus dissimilis ( Lemos de Castro, 1960 )

Phalloniscus dissimilisLemos de Castro, 1960: 207, pl. 3, figs. 28-35. -Lenko, 1971: 6. -Zardo, 1989: 613. -Schultz, 1995: 407.

Novamundoniscus dissimilis-Souza-Kury, 1998: 656. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 25. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 158.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Barra do Sana, Macaé, state of Rio de Janeiro) (Lemos de Castro, 1960).

114. Novamundoniscus gracilis Lopes and Araujo, 2003

Novamundoniscus gracilis Lopes and Araujo, 2003: 611, figs. 1-20. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 158. - Lopes et al., 2005: 101, Tab. 1. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tabs. 1, 2.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul) (Lopes and Araujo, 2003; Zimmermann et al., 2015a).

115. Novamundoniscus macrophthalmus ( Lemos de Castro, 1960 )

Phalloniscus macrophthalmusLemos de Castro, 1960: 205, 10-18; Schultz, 1995: 407.

Novamundoniscus macrophthalmus-Souza-Kury, 1998: 656. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 25. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 158.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Barra do Sana, Macaé, state of Rio de Janeiro) (Lemos de Castro, 1960).

116. Novamundoniscus meridionalis (Araujo and Buckup, 1994)

Phalloniscus meridionalisAraujo and Buckup, 1994b: 271, figs. 14-28. - Araujo, 1999a: 247, fig. 13. -Souza-Kury et al., 1998: 657. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 26. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 179.

Novamundoniscus meridionalis- Lopes and Araujo, 2003: 611. -Bueno et al., 2018: 5, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina) (Araujo and Buckup, 1994b).

117. Novamundoniscus persimilis (Vandel, 1952)

Phalloniscus persimilisVandel, 1952a: 144, fig. 57. -Lemos de Castro, 1967: 322. -Schultz, 1995: 407.

Novamundoniscus persimilis-Souza-Kury, 1998: 656. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 25. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 158.

Distribution. Endemic to northern South America, recorded from Brazil and Venezuela (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the Parque do Museu Goeldi, Belém, state of Pará (Lemos de Castro, 1960).

118. Novamundoniscus singularis ( Lemos de Castro, 1967 )

Phalloniscus singularisLemos de Castro, 1967: 321. - Lemos de Castro, 1970b: 119, figs. 1-11. -Schultz, 1995: 407.

Novamundoniscus singularis-Souza-Kury, 1998: 656. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 25. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 159.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Amazonas) (Lemos de Castro, 1967; 1970b).

119. Novamundoniscus vandeli ( Lemos de Castro, 1960 )

Phalloniscus vandeliLemos de Castro, 1960: 205, figs. 1-9. -Schultz, 1995: 407. -Araujo and Buckup, 1994b: 274.

Novamundoniscus vandeli-Schultz, 1995: 407, figs. 8, 9. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 656. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 25. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 159.

Distribution. Endemic to southern South America, recorded from Brazil and Paraguay (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro (Lemos de Castro, 1960).

Fmily Platyarthridae Verhoeff, 1949

Genus Niambia Budde-Lund, 1904

120. Niambia squamata ( Budde-Lund, 1885 )

Porcellio (Leptotrichus) squamatusBudde-Lund, 1885: 196.

Niambia squamata-Lemos de Castro, 1967: 315. - Lemos de Castro, 1971: 3, fig. 5. - Lemos de Castro, 1972a: 357. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 662. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 157 - Araujo and Taiti, 2007: 350, figs. 7-13.

Niamba [sic!] squamata. - Leistikow & Wägele, 1999: 28.

Distribution. Introduced species recorded from the states of Bahia, Pará, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte (Lemos de Castro, 1971; 1972a; Araujo and Taiti, 2007).

Genus Trichorhina Budde-Lund, 1908

121. Trichorhina acuta Araujo and Buckup, 1994

Trichorhina acutaAraujo and Buckup, 1994b: 130, figs. 1-12. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 662. - Araujo, 1999a: 251, fig. 21. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 28. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 275. - Souza et al., 2011: 240, Tab. 1. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 408. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tab. 1. -Bueno et al., 2018: 5, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina) (Araujo and Buckup, 1994b; Zimmermann et al., 2015a).

122. Trichorhina amazonica Souza-Kury, 1997

Trichorhina amazonicaSouza-Kury, 1997b: 183, figs. 2, 8-20. - Souza-Kury, 1998: 662. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 28. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 275. - Souza et al., 2011: 241, Tab. 1. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 405.

Trichorhina barbouri-Lemos de Castro, 1967: 316.

Distribution. Endemic to the Brazilian Amazon (Souza et al., 2011). The type locality is probably Belém, state of Pará (Souza-Kury, 1997b).

123. Trichorhina anhanguera Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014

Trichorhina anhangueraCampos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 408, figs. 34-36, 40. - Campos-Filho et al., 2015a: 112. - Campos-Filho et al., 2016: 12.

Distribution. At present, known from Gruta MP-10 cave, Morro do Pilar, state of Minas Gerais (Campos-Filho et al., 2014). This is probably a troglophile species from subterranean environments. Future surveys outside caves shall confirm this statement.

124. Trichorhina argentina Vandel, 1963

Trichorhina argentinaVandel, 1963: 73, fig. 6. -Araujo and Buckup, 1996a: 800, figs. 1-15, 41. - Araujo, 1999a: 251, fig. 20. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 28. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 275. -Lopes et al., 2005: 101, Tab. 1. -Souza et al., 2011: 241, Tab. 1. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 405. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 18. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Endemic to southern South America, recorded from Argentina and Brazil (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (Campos-Filho et al., 2017c).

125. Trichorhina bicolor Araujo and Buckup, 1996

Trichorhina bicolorAraujo and Buckup, 1996a: 806, figs. 26-41. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 28. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 275. -Souza et al., 2011: 241, Tab. 1. -Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 18. -Bueno et al., 2018: 5, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Paraná and Santa Catarina) (Campos-Filho et al., 2017c).

126. Trichorhina biumbonata Souza, Araújo and Campos-Filho, 2011

Trichorhina biumbonataSouza, Araujo and Campos-Filho, 2011: 240, figs. 1, 8-24, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of São Paulo) (Souza et al., 2011).

127. Trichorhina brasilensis Andersson, 1960

Trichorhina brasilensisAndersson, 1960a: 552, fig. 8. -Schultz, 1995: 411, figs. 10, 11. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 663. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 29. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 275. - Souza et al., 2011: 241, Tab. 1. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 405. - Campos-Filho et al., 2015a: 117. - Campos-Filho et al., 2016: 12.

Distribution. Endemic to southern South America, recorded from Brazil and Paraguay (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the state of Santa Catarina (Andersson, 1960a).

128. Trichorhina cipoensis Campos-Filho, Bichuette and Taiti, 2016

Trichorhina cipoensisCampos-Filho, Bichuette and Taiti, 2016: 7, figs. 8-10, 14.

Distribution. Troglophile species endemic to Brazil (Lapa do Cipó cave, state of Minas Gerais) (Campos-Filho et al., 2016).

129. Trichorhina crassisetae Souza, Araújo and Campos-Filho, 2011

Trichorhina crassisetaeSouza, Araújo and Campos-Filho, 2011: 244, figs. 2, 25-43, Tab. 1. - Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 405.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Mato Grosso do Sul) (Souza et al., 2011).

130. Trichorhina curupira Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014

Trichorhina curupiraCampos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 405, figs. 32, 33, 40. - Campos-Filho et al., 2015a: 112. - Campos-Filho et al., 2016: 12.

Distribution. Troglophile species endemic to Pedra da Cachoeira cave, Altamira karst region, state of Pará (Campos-Filho et al., 2014).

131. Trichorhina guanophila Souza-Kury, 1993

Trichorhina guanophilaSouza-Kury, 1993: 198, figs. 11-27. -Pinto-da-Rocha, 1995: 98. - Souza-Kury, 1998: 663. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 29. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 276. - Souza et al., 2011: 241, Tab. 1. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 408, fig. 40. - Campos-Flho et al., 2015a: 112. - Campos-Filho et al., 2016: 2. -Trajano et al., 2016: 1815. -Angarten et al., 2017: 17. -Bastos-Pereira et al., 2017: 292. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017b: 70. -Cavalcanti, 2017: 49, Tab. 2.

Distribution. Troglophile species endemic to Lapa do Convento cave, state of Bahia (Souza-Kury, 1993).

132. Trichorhina heterophthalma Lemos de Castro, 1964

Trichorhina heterophthalmaLemos de Castro, 1964: 2, figs. 1, 2. -Souza-Kury, 1993: 198, figs. 1-10. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 29.- Schmidt, 2001: 6. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 276. - Souza et al., 2011: 241, Tab. 1. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 408. -Grangeiro et al., 2014: 91. - Campos-Filho et al., 2015a: 112.

Distribution. Pantropical species (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro (Souza-Kury, 1993).

133. Trichorhina kaingangi Campos-Filho, 2015

Trichorhina kaingangiCampos-Filho, in Campos-Filho et al., 2015a: 114, figs. 2-4. - Campos-Filho et al. 2016: 12. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 18.

Distribution. Troglophile species endemic to Brazil (Ermida Paiol do Alto and Água Boa caves, state of Paraná) (Campos-Filho et al., 2017c).

134. Trichorhina lenkoi Souza, Araújo and Campos-Filho, 2011

Trichorhina lenkoiSouza, Araújo and Campos-Filho, 2011: 247, figs. 3, 44-57, Tab. 1. - Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 408.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of São Paulo) (Souza et al., 2011).

135. Trichorhina macrops Souza-Kury, 1993

Trichorhina macropsSouza-Kury, 1993: 205, figs. 28-39. - Souza et al., 2011: 241, Tab. 1. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 408.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Serra dos Cavalos, Caruarú, state of Pernambuco) (Souza-Kury, 1993).

136. Trichorhina myrmecophila Souza, Araújo and Campos-Filho, 2011

Trichorhina myrmecophilaSouza, Araújo and Campos-Filho, 2011: 247, figs. 4, 58-78, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of São Paulo) (Souza et al., 2011).

137. Trichorhina orensis Souza, Araújo and Campos-Filho, 2011

Trichorhina orensisSouza, Araújo and Campos Filho, 2011: 249, figs. 5, 79-94, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Itacuruça Island, state of Rio de Janeiro) (Souza et al., 2011).

138. Trichorhina paraensis Souza-Kury, 1997

Trichorhina paraensisSouza-Kury, 1997b: 186, figs. 3, 21-36. - Souza et al., 2011: 241, Tab. 1. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 405, 408.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Parque do Museu Goeldi, Belém, state of Pará) (Souza et al., 2011).

139. Trichorhina pataxosi Campos-Filho, Bichuette and Taiti, 2016

Trichorhina pataxosiCampos-Filho, Bichuette and Taiti, 2016: 13, figs. 11-14.

Distribution. Troglophile species endemic to Brazil (Gruta do Sufoco and Gruta do Nei caves, Pedro Leopoldo, state of Minas Gerais) (Campos-Filho et al., 2016).

140. Trichorhina pittieri ( Pearse, 1921 )

Leptotrichus pittieriPearse, 1921: 460, fig. 1.

Trichorhina pittieri-Lemos de Castro, 1967: 316. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 663. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 30. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 277. - Souza et al., 2011: 241, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Endemic to South America, recorded from Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the state of Pará (Lemos de Castro, 1967).

141. Trichorhina sexdens Souza, Araújo and Campos-Filho, 2011

Trichorhina sexdensSouza, Araújo and Campos-Filho, 2011: 252, figs. 6, 95-107, Tab. 1. - Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 408.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Búzios Island, state of São Paulo) (Souza et al., 2011).

142. Trichorhina tatianae Araujo and Almerão, 2007

Trichorhina tatianaeAraujo and Almerão, 2007: 219, figs. 1-25. -Souza et al., 2011: 241, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Santa Catarina) (Araujo and Almerão 2007).

143. Trichorhina tomentosa ( Budde-Lund, 1893 )

Alloniscus tomentosaBudde-Lund, 1893: 126.

Trichorhina tomentosa-Vandel, 1963: 72. -Lemos de Castro, 1967: 315. - Lemos de Castro, 1971: 10, fig. 6. -Lenko, 1971: 5. -Araujo and Buckup, 1996a: 803, figs. 16-25, 41. -Souza-Kury, 1993: 201. - Souza-Kury, 1997b: 181, figs. 1, 4-7. - Souza-Kury, 1998: 663. - Araujo, 1999a: 252, fig. 22. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 30. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 277. - Souza et al., 2011: 241, Tab. 1. -Grangeiro et al., 2014: 91. -Campos-Filho et al., 2015a: 112. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tab. 1. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 18.

Distribution. Pantropical species (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul (Zimmermann et al., 2015a).

144. Trichorhina tropidocerata Souza, Araújo and Campos-Filho, 2011

Trichorhina tropidocerataSouza, Araújo and Campos-Filho, 2011: 255, figs. 7, 108-124, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of São Paulo) (Souza et al., 2011).

145. Trichorhina yiara Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014

Trichorhina yiaraCampos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 401, figs. 29-31, 40. - Campos-Filho et al., 2015a: 112. - Campos-Filho et al., 2016: 12.

Distribution. Troglophile species and endemic to Brazil (Abrigo do Sismógrafo and Abrigo do Abutre caves, state of Pará) (Campos-Filho et al., 2014).

Family Pudeoniscidae Lemos de Castro, 1973

Genus Brasiloniscus Cardoso, Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2018

146. Brasiloniscus maculatus ( Lemos de Castro, 1973 )

Brasiloniscus maculatusLemos de Castro, 1973: 6, figs. 3, 4. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 42. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 57. -Schmidt and Leistikow, 2004: 17. - Campos-Filho et al., 2018b: 457. -Cardoso et al., 2018: 3, figs. 1, 2, 7A.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Vitória Island, state of São Paulo) (Lemos de Castro, 1973; Cardoso et al., 2018).

147. Brasiloniscus verrucosus ( Lemos de Castro, 1973 )

Brasiloniscus verrucosusLemos de Castro, 1973: 9, fig. 5. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 42. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 57. - Campos-Filho et al., 2018b: 457. -Cardoso et al., 2018: 6, figs. 3, 4, 7B.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Rio de Janeiro) (Lemos de Castro, 1973; Cardoso et al., 2018).

148. Brasiloniscus litorallis Cardoso, Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2018

Brasiloniscus litorallisCardoso, Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2018: 9, figs. 5, 6, 7C.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Rio de Janeiro) (Cardoso et al., 2018).

Genus Oxossioniscus Campos-Filho, Lisboa and Cardoso, 2018

149. Oxossioniscus akoko Campos-Filho, Lisboa and Cardoso, 2018

Oxossioniscus akokoCampos-Filho, Lisboa and Cardoso, 2018b: 473, figs. 10-13, 14d.

Pudeoniscus obscurus-Lisboa et al., 2013: 394, figure 1D.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazilian Atlantic Forest areas in the state of Bahia (Campos-Filho et al., 2018b).

150. Oxossioniscus pataxo Campos-Filho, Lisboa and Cardoso, 2018

Oxossioniscus pataxoCampos-Filho, Lisboa and Cardoso, 2018b: 468, figs. 6-9, 14c.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazilian Atlantic Forest areas in the state of Bahia (Campos-Filho et al., 2018b).

Genus Iansaoniscus Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2017

151. Iansaoniscus georginae Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2017

Iansaoniscus georginaeCampos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2017b: 78, figs. 6-8. -Campos-Filho et al., 2018b: 457. -Gallão and Bichuette, 2018: 7, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Troglobitic species endemic to Brazil (Borboletas cave, Paripiranga, state of Bahia) (Campos-Filho et al., 2017b).

152. Iansaoniscus iraquara Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2017

Iansaoniscus iraquaraCampos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2017b: 74, figs. 3-5. - Campos-Filho et al., 2018b: 457. -Gallão and Bichuette, 2018: 7, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Troglobitic species endemic to Brazil (Buraco do Cão cave, state of Bahia) (Campos-Filho et al., 2017b).

Genus Pudeoniscus Vandel, 1963

153. Pudeoniscus birabeni Vandel, 1963

Pudeoniscus birabeniVandel, 1963: 91, figs. 16-19. - Lemos de Castro, 1973: 3. - Furlan, 1996: 18. - Souza-Kury, 1998: 665. - Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 43. - Schmalfuss, 2003: 226. - Schmidt, 2002: 381. - Schmidt, 2003: 79, figs. 100-103. - Schmidt and Leistikow, 2004: 78. - Souza et al., 2010: 12. - Appel et al., 2011: 124. - Lisboa et al., 2013: 394, fig. 1C. - Campos-Filho et al., 2018b: 462, figs. 1, 14a. - Cardoso et al., 2018: 13.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Bahia, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santa Catarina) (Lemos de Castro, 1973; Lisboa et al., 2013).

154. Pudeoniscus obscurus Lemos de Castro, 1973

Pudeoniscus obscurusLemos de Castro, 1973: 4, figs. 1 and 2. - Souza-Kury, 1998: 665. - Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 43. - Schmalfuss, 2003: 226. - Magrini et al., 2010: 218. - Magrini et al., 2011: 65, Tab. 2. - Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tab. 1. - Campos-Filho et al., 2018b: 463, figs. 2-5, 14b.

Pudeonisucs [sic!] obscurus -Furlan, 1996: 18.

nec Pudeoniscus obscurus-Lisboa et al., 2013: 394, fig. 1D.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of São Paulo) (Lemos de Castro, 1973).

Family Bathytropidae Vandel, 1952

Genus Neotroponiscus Arcangeli, 1936

155. Neotroponiscus argentinus ( Giambiagi de Calabrese, 1939 )

Porcellio argentinus Giambiagi di Calabrese, 1939: 634, pl. 1.

Brasilocellio nodulosusVerhoeff, 1941a: 124, figs. 8-15. -Vandel, 1963: 82. -Andersson, 1960a: 560, fig. 11.

Neotroponiscus argentinus - Lemos de Castro, 1970c: 93, fig. 3. - Souza-Kury, 1998: 654. - Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 26. - Schmalfuss, 2003: 153. - Mugnai et al., 2013: 855, fig. 1. - Cardoso et al., 2017: 122.

Distribution. Endemic to South America, recorded from Argentina and Brazil (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Espírito Santo, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina (Vandel, 1963; Andersson, 1960a; Lemos de Castro, 1970c; Mugnai et al., 2013).

156. Neotroponiscus carolii Arcangeli, 1936

Neotroponiscus caroliiArcangeli, 1936: 15, figs. 1-4. -Van Name, 1940: 115, fig. 7. -Lemos de Castro, 1970c: 90, figs. 1, 2. -Lenko, 1971: 8. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 655. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 27. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 153. -Lisboa et al., 2013: 394, fig. 1A, Tab. 1. -Mugnai et al., 2013: 855. -Cardoso et al., 2017: 122.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, and São Paulo) (Lemos de Castro, 1970c; Lenko, 1971; Lisboa et al., 2013).

157. Neotroponiscus daguerrii ( Giambiagi de Calabrese, 1939 )

Porcellio daguerrii Giambiagi di Calabrese, 1939: 308, fig. 12.

Neotroponiscus daguerrii-Lemos de Castro, 1970c: 94, fig. 5a. -Araujo et al., 1996: 122, figs. 28-38, 65. - Araujo, 1999a: 250, fig. 19. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 655. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 27. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 153. -Lopes et al., 2005: 101, Tab. 1. -Mugnai et al., 2013: 855. -Cardoso et al., 2017: 122.

Distribution. Endemic to southern South America, recorded from Argentina and Brazil (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Araujo et al., 1996; Lopes et al., 2005).

158. Neotroponiscus iporangaensis Cardoso and Araujo, 2017

Neotroponiscus iporangaensisCardoso and Araujo, in Cardoso et al., 2017: 122, figs. 1-3, 6A, 7A-D.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Cafezal cave, Iporanga karst region, state of São Paulo) (Cardoso et al., 2017).

159. Neotroponiscus lenkoi Lemos de Castro, 1970

Neotroponiscus lenkoiLemos de Castro, 1970d: 8, figs. 5, 6. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 655. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 27. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 153. -Mugnai et al., 2013: 856, figs. 1, 2. -Cardoso et al., 2017: 122.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) (Mugnai et al., 2013).

160. Neotroponiscus littoralis Lemos de Castro, 1970

Neotroponiscus littoralisLemos de Castro, 1970d: 1, figs. 1, 2. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 655. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 27. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 153. -Mugnai et al., 2013: 855. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, fig. 2, Tabs. 1, 2. -Cardoso et al., 2017: 122.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro) (Lemos de Castro, 1970d; Zimmermann et al., 2015a).

161. Neotroponiscus lobatus Lemos de Castro, 1970

Neotroponiscus lobatosLemos de Castro, 1970d: 5, fig. 3. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 655. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 27. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 153. -Mugnai et al., 2013: 855. -Cardoso et al., 2017: 122.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Espírito Santo) (Lemos de Castro, 1970d).

162. Neotroponiscus perlatus Lemos de Castro, 1970

Neotroponiscus perlatusLemos de Castro, 1970d: 11, figs. 7, 8. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 655. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 27. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 153. -Cardoso et al., 2017: 122.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Espírito Santo) (Lemos de Castro, 1970d).

163. Neotroponiscus plaumanni (Andersson, 1960)

Brasilocelio plaumanniAndersson, 1960a: 563, fig. 12.

Neotroponiscus plaumanni-Lemos de Castro, 1970c: 93, fig. 4. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 655. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 27. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 153. -Mugnai et al., 2013: 855. -Cardoso et al., 2017: 122.

Distribution. Endemic to southern South America, recorded from Brazil and Uruguay (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from Nova Teutônia, state of Santa Catarina (Andersson, 1960a).

164. Neotroponiscus tuberculatus Cardoso and Araujo, 2017

Neotroponiscus tuberculatusCardoso and Araujo, in Cardoso et al., 2017: 126, figs. 4, 5, 6B, 7E, F.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (PBR03 and PBR23 caves, Brumadinho, state of Minas Gerais) (Cardoso et al., 2017).

Family Eubelidae Budde-Lund, 1899

Genus Ethelum Budde-Lund, 1899

165. Ethelum americanum ( Dollfus, 1896 )

Mesarmadillo americanusDollfus, 1896: 397, figs. 11a-d.

Ethelum americanum-Lemos de Castro, 1967: 312. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 657. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 42. -Schmalfuss, 2003:95. -Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 19.

Distribution. Endemic to the Lesser Antilles and northern South America (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the state of Pará (Campos-Filho et al., 2017c).

Family Armadillidae Brandt, 1833

Genus Ctenorillo Verhoeff, 1942

166. Ctenorillo ferrarai Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014

Ctenorillo ferraraiCampos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, in Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 412, figs. 37-40. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 20.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Floresta Nacional Carajás, Canaã dos Carajás, state of Pará) (Campos-Filho et al., 2014).

167. Ctenorillo mineri ( Van Name, 1936 )

Cubaris mineriVan Name, 1936: 383, fig. 233.

Venezillo mineri-Vandel, 1963: 94, fig. 20. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 654. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 49.

Ctenorillo mineri-Schmalfuss, 2003: 76.

Distribution. Endemic to northern South America, recorded from Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro (Vandel, 1963).

168. Ctenorillo tuberosus ( Budde-Lund, 1904 )

Armadillo tuberosusBudde-Lund, 1904: 109, pl. X, figs. 1-4.

Venezillo tuberosus-Lemos de Castro, 1972a: 357. - Lemos de Castro, 1972b: 347. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 654. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 293. -Campos-Filho, 2008: 51, figs. 65-68, Tab. 1. -Grangeiro et al., 2014: 95, fig. 1e.

Ctenorillo tuberosus-Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 20, figs. 74-97.

Remarks.Grangeiro et al. (2014) recorded some Armadillidae specimens from the state of Piauí. According to the photograph provided by the authors, these specimens belong to Ctenorillo tuberosus.

Distribution. Endemic to Central America and northern South America (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Bahia, Ceará, and Piauí (Lemos de Castro, 1972b; Grangeiro et al., 2014; Campos-Filho et al., 2017c).

Genus Cubaris Brandt, 1833

169. Cubaris cinerea Brandt, 1833

Cubaris cinereaBrandt, 1833: 190. -Van Name 1936: 389. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 653. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 78.

Armadillo cinereus-Milne-Edwards, 1840: 179. -Budde-Lund, 1885: 29. - Budde-Lund, 1904: 120.

Cubaris cinereus-Stuxberg, 1875: 44.

Cubaris cineraea [sic!] -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 44.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil, without a defined type locality (Souza-Kury, 1998; Schmalfuss, 2003).

170. Cubaris murina Brandt, 1833

Cubaris murinaBrandt, 1833: 190. -Moreira, 1931: 432. -Lemos de Castro, 1967: 328. - Lemos de Castro, 1971: 12, fig. 13. - Lemos de Castro, 1972a: 357. -Vilela et al., 1971: 184. -Araujo et al., 1996: 129, figs. 46-47. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 653. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 44. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 81. -Niemeyer et al., 2006: 14. - Niemeyer et al., 2009: 138. - Niemeyer and da Silva, 2006: 18. -Campos-Filho, 2008: 53, figs. 69-71, Tab. 1. -Appel et al., 2011: 124, fig. 2B, C. - Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 417, fig. 40. -Grangeiro et al., 2014: 96. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tab. 1. - Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 21.

Cubaris murinus-Stuxberg, 1875: 44.

Distribution. Circumtropical species (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Tocantins (Campos-Filho et al., 2017c). Specimens of C. murina deposited in the UFRGS collection were sampled in Araguaína (1♀, UFRGS 6547), and Wanderlândia (3♂, UFRGS 6548), state of Tocantins.

Genus Diploexochus Brandt, 1833

171. Diploexochus echinatus Brandt, 1833

Diploexochus echinatusBrandt, 1833:192, pl. IV, figs. 20, 21. -Arcangeli, 1934: 92. - Arcangeli, 1957: 101. -Van Name, 1936: 398, figs. 241-243. -Lemos de Castro, 1967: 327. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 653. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 44. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 90. -Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 22, figs. 98-122.

Armadillo echinatus-Budde-Lund, 1879: 7. - Budde-Lund, 1885: 26. - Budde-Lund, 1904: 104, pl. IX, figs. 35-37.

Distribution. Endemic to Central America and northern South America, recorded from Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, and Trinidad (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the Floresta Nacional Caxiuanã, state of Pará (Campos-Filho et al., 2017c).

Genus Gabunillo Schmalfuss and Ferrara, 1983

172. Gabunillo aridicola Souza, Senna and Kury, 2010

Gabunillo aridicolaSouza, Senna and Kury, 2010: 2, figs. 1-9.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (states of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte) (Souza et al., 2010).

Genus Pseudodiploexochus Lewis, 1998

173. Pseudodiploexochus gibbus (Lemos de Castro, 1972)

Reductoniscus gibbusLemos de Castro, 1972b: 347, figs. 1-5. -Ferrara and Taiti, 1990: 489.

Pseudodiploexochus gibbus-Ferrara and Taiti, 1990: 490. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 653. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 45. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 223.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (old road from Santos to São Paulo, state of São Paulo) (Lemos de Castro, 1972b).

174. Pseudodiploexochus tabularis ( Barnard, 1932 )

Diploexochus tabularisBarnard, 1932: 354, fig. 65a-e.

Pseudodiploexochus tabularis-Lopes et al., 2005: 101, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Species originally described from Cape Province, South Africa (Barnard, 1932). In Brazil, it is considered introduced and is recorded from Serra Geral, state of Rio Grande do Sul (Lopes et al., 2005).

Genus Venezillo Verhoeff, 1928

175. Venezillo congener ( Budde-Lund, 1904 )

Armadillo congenerBudde-Lund, 1904: 108.

Cubaris congenera-Van Name, 1936: 340. -Vilela et al., 1971: 183.

Venezillo (Venezillo) congener -Arcangeli, 1957: 112.

Venezillo congeneris [sic!] -Souza-Kury, 1998: 654.

Venezillo congener-Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 47. -Jeppesen, 2000: 236. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 287.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Nabilecche River, state of Mato Grosso do Sul) (Budde-Lund, 1904; Souza-Kury, 1998).

Family Oniscidae Latreille, 1802

Genus Phalloniscus Budde-Lund, 1908

176. Phalloniscus loyolai Zardo, 1989

Phalloniscus loyolaiZardo, 1989: 611, figs. 1-25. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 657. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 26. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 179.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Parque Barigui, Curitiba, state of Paraná) (Zardo, 1989).

177. Phalloniscus setosus Lemos de Castro, 1960

Phalloniscus setosusLemos de Castro, 1960: 207, figs. 20-27. -Zardo, 1989: 613. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 657. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 26. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 179.

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Minas Gerais) (Lemos de Castro, 1960).

Family Trachelipodidae Strouhal, 1953

Genus Nagurus Holthuis, 1949

178. Nagurus cristatus ( Dollfus, 1889 )

Porcellio cristatusDollfus, 1889: 91, pl. 5, fig. 2a-d.

Nagara cristata-Vilela et al., 1971: 184, Quadro 1.

Nagurus cristatus-Lemos de Castro, 1967: 323. - Lemos de Castro, 1971: 7, fig. 7. -Araujo and Buckup, 1996b: 161, figs. 1, 3. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 668. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 36. -Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 19.

Distribution. Pantropical species (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Amazonas, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina (Lemos de Castro, 1967; 1971; Vilela et al., 1971; Araujo and Buckup, 1996b; Campos-Filho et al., 2017c).

179. Nagurus nanus ( Budde-Lund, 1908 )

Porcellio (Nagara) nanaBudde-Lund, 1908: 285, pl. 14, figs. 40-47.

Nagurus nanus-Araujo and Buckup, 1996b: 161, figs. 2, 3. -Campos-Filho et al., 2017c: 19.

Distribution. Pantropical species (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Santa Catarina and Tocantins (Araujo and Buckup, 1996b; Campos-Filho et al., 2017c). Specimens of N. nanus deposited in the UFRGS collection were sampled in Araguaína, state of Tocantins (1♂, 2♀, UFRGS 6566).

Genus Trachelipus Budde-Lund, 1908

180. Trachelipus rathkii ( Brandt, 1833 )

Porcellio rathkiiBrandt, 1833: 477.

Trachelipus rathkii-Lemos de Castro, 1971: 6, fig. 12. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 668. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 37.

Distribution. European species introduced in the Americas (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the state of Rio de Janeiro (Lemos de Castro, 1971).

Family Porcellionidae Brandt, 1831

Genus Agabiformius Verhoeff, 1908b

181. Agabiformius lentus ( Budde-Lund, 1885 )

Oniscus (Lyprobius) lentusBudde-Lund, 1885: 230-231.

Agabiformius lentus-Lemos de Castro, 1971: 7, fig. 8 - Araujo and Bueno, 1998: 185. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 663. - Araujo, 1999a: 256, fig. 30. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 33. -Campos-Filho, 2008: 44, fig. 52, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Mediterranean species introduced all over the world (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Ceará, Rio de Janeiro, and Rio Grande do Sul (Lemos de Castro, 1971; Araujo and Bueno, 1998; Campos-Filho, 2008).

Genus Porcellio Latreille, 1804

182. Porcellio dilatatus Brandt, 1831

Porcellio dilatatusBrandt, 1831: 78, pl. XII, fig. 6. -Lemos de Castro, 1971: 5, fig. 11. -Araujo et al., 1996: 126, figs. 41, 42, 66. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 664. - Araujo, 1999a: 254, fig. 25. -Leistikow and Araujo, 1999: 33. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, fig. 2, Tabs. 1, 2.

Porcellio scaber-Moreira, 1931: 430.

Distribution. European species introduced all over the world (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina (Lemos de Castro, 1971; Araujo et al., 1996).

183. Porcellio laevis Latreille, 1804

Porcellio laevisLatreille, 1804: 46. -Moreira, 1927: 194. -Camargo, 1954: 123, fig. 2. -Lemos de Castro, 1971: 4, fig. 10Araujo et al., 1996: 128, figs. 43, 44, 66. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 664. - Araujo, 1999a: 254, fig. 26. -Leistikow and Araujo, 1999: 34. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, fig. 2, Tabs. 1, 2.

Distribution. Native species from southern Europe and northern Africa, introduced all over the world (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and São Paulo (Lemos de Castro, 1971; Araujo et al., 1996).

184. Porcellio scaber Latreille, 1804

Porcellio scaberLatreille, 1804: 45. -Araujo et al., 1996: 125, figs. 39, 40, 66. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 664. - Araujo, 1999a: 253, fig. 27. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 34.

nec Porcellio scaber-Moreira, 1931: 430.

Distribution. European species introduced all over the world (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (Araujo et al., 1996).

Genus Porcellionides Miers, 1877

185. Porcellionides advena ( Stuxberg, 1872 )

Porcellio advena Stuxberg, 1972: 4, pl. X.

Porcellionides advena-Van Name, 1936: 247, figs. 139, 140. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 664. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 35. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 209.

nec Metoponorphus chilensis-Budde-Lund, 1885: 191 (not synonym of Porcellionides advena) [= nomen dubium].

Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (Caldas, state of Minas Gerais) (Van Name, 1936).

186. Porcellionides pruinosus ( Brandt, 1833 )

Porcellio pruinosusBrandt, 1833: 19.

Metoponorphus schwenckiMoreira, 1927: 195, figs. 4-6. - Moreira, 1931: 430, pl. III, figs. 1-8. -Schwenck, 1927: ?, figs. 7, 8 and 10.

Metoponorthus pruinosus-Andersson, 1960a: 564. -Vilela et al., 1972: 17. -Camargo, 1954: 123, fig. 3. -Lemos de Castro, 1967: 323. - Lemos de Castro, 1972a: 357.

Metoponorthus (Metoponorthus) pruinosus -Lemos de Castro, 1971: 5, fig. 9.

Porcellionionides schwencki-Souza-Kury, 1998: 664.

Porcellionides pruinosus-Araujo et al., 1996: 129, figs. 45-47. - Souza-Kury, 1998: 664. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 35. - Araujo, 1999a: 255, fig. 28. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 212. -Campos-Filho, 2008: 45, fig. 53, Tab. 1. -Appel et al., 2011: 125. - Souza et al., 2013: 72, fig. 2. - Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 412, fig. 40. -Grangeiro et al., 2014: 93, fig. 1a. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, Tab. 1.

Distribution. Cosmopolitan species of Mediterranean origin (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is considered introduced, recorded from the states of Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Pará, Piauí, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina (Souza-Kury, 1998; Campos-Filho, 2008; Souza et al., 2013; Campos-Filho et al., 2014; Grangeiro et al., 2014).

187. Porcellionides sexfasciatus ( Budde-Lund, 1885 )

Metoponorphus sexfasciatusBudde-Lund, 1885: 167.

Porcellionides sexfasciatus-Zardo and Loyola e Silva, 1988: 791. -Araujo et al., 1996: 130, figs. 47, 48, 67. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 665. - Araujo, 1999a: 255, fig. 29. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 35. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 213.

Distribution. Native to the western Mediterranean and introduced all over the world (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina (Zardo and Loyola e Silva, 1988; Araujo et al., 1996).

Family Armadillidiidae Brandt, 1833

Genus Armadillidium Brandt, 1831

188. Armadillidium nasatum Budde-Lund, 1885

Armadillidium nasatumBudde-Lund, 1885: 51. -Araujo et al., 1996: 136, figs. 59-63, 68. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 654. - Araujo, 1999a: 253, fig. 24. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 43. -Zimmermann et al. 2015a: 3, fig. 2, Tab. 1.

Distribution. European species introduced to North and South Americas (Schamlfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Araujo et al., 1996; Zimmermann et al., 2015b).

189. Armadillidium vulgare ( Latreille, 1804 )

Armadillo vulgarisLatreille, 1804: 48.

Armadillidium vulgare-Moreira, 1931: 432. -Camargo, 1954: 122, fig. 1. -Lemos de Castro, 1971: 4, fig. 14. -Lenko, 1971: 8. -Vilela et al., 1972: 15. -Araujo et al., 1996: 133, figs. 54-58, 68. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 654. - Araujo, 1999a: 252, fig. 23. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 43. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 38. -Appel et al., 2011: 124, figs. 1B, 2D-F. -Campos-Filho et al., 2014: 412, fig. 40. -Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, fig. 2, Tabs. 1, 2.

Distribution. Mediterranean species introduced all over the world (Schmalfuss, 2003). In Brazil, it is recorded from the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina (Souza-Kury, 1998; Zimmermann et al., 2015a).

Incertae sedis

Stymphalus dilatatus (Perty, 1834)

Ligia dilatata Perty, 1834: 212, pl. XL, fig. 14.

Stymphalus dilatatus-Budde-Lund, 1879: 9. - Budde-Lund, 1885: 271. -Van Name, 1936: 66, fig. 21. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 658. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 3. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 251.

Distribution. Dubious species recorded from the state of Bahia (see Van Name, 1936). Based on the distribution of Ligia exotica provided by Van Name (1936), this species probably corresponds to juvenile specimens of Ligia exotica.

Nomina dubia

Chaetophiloscia walkeri (Pearse, 1915)

Philoscia walkeriPearse, 1915: 541, fig. 4. -Leistikow, 2001c: 48.

Chaetophiloscia walkeri-Lemos de Castro, 1967: 319. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 661. -Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 15. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 70.

Remarks. Species originally described from San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, by Pearse (1915). Lemos de Castro (1967) placed this species into the genus Chaetophiloscia based on the dorsal colour of the specimens from the state of Pará (Acará and Belém). As mentioned by Leistikow (2001c), Lemos de Castro did not examine the type material of the species and his recognition was based in Pearse’s description; therefore, the author considered this species as a nomen dubium. Taking into account the current distribution of C. walkeri and the biogeography history of the South American Amazon (see Morrone, 2014; Dagosta and de Pinna, 2017), most probably this species belong to a different taxonomic entitiy.

Distribution. State of Pará (Lemos de Castro, 1967).

Circoniscus apeuensis (Lemos de Castro, 1967)

Parsphaeroniscus apeuensisLemos de Castro, 1967: 325. - Lemos de Castro, 1970e: 41, figs. 1-6. -Souza-Kury, 1998: 667.

Circoniscus apeuensis-Leistikow and Wägele, 1999: 37. -Schmalfuss, 2003: 71, 89. -Schmidt, 2007: 89.

Remarks.Schmidt (2007), in the revision of the Neotropical Scleropactidae, considered this species as a nomen dubium because the type material was not present in the collection of the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro where Lemos de Castro used to deposited his material.

Distribution. State of Pará (Lemos de Castro, 1967).

Nomem nudum

Trichorhina incerta Lemos de Castro, 1972

Trichorhina incerta Lemos da Castro, 1972a: 357.

Remarks.Lemos de Castro (1972a) mentioned the new species Trichorhina incerta from Sueste Island, Abrolhos Archipelago. However, this species has never been described, and according to the ICZN the name of this species should be considered as a nomen nudum.

Distribution. This species was recorded from Sueste Island, Abrolhos Archipelagous, state of Bahia (Lemos de Castro, 1972a).

General remarks

In this paper, we recognized 189 valid species from Brazil, plus one incertae sedis Stymphalus dilatatus, two nomina dubia, Chaetophiloscia walkeri and Circoniscus apeuensis, and one nomen nudum, Trichorhina incerta. Moreover, 135 species are considered endemic to Brazil and 22 are recorded from other countries in the Americas, 20 are introduced, and 12 have circumtropical or pantropical distributions.

Our knowledge about the total number of oniscidean species present in Brazil is still far from complete. Brazil is one of the largest countries in the world (ca. 8.5 million km²), with a wide variety of ecosystems (MMA, 1998; Mittermeier et al., 2005), most of them designated for priority conservation (Myers et al., 2000). However, as mentioned by Campos-Filho et al. (2014), the taxonomic impediment is the major problem to access the diversity of the Brazilian Oniscidea (see also Wheeler et al., 2004).

In the last years, many studies have attempted to access this biodiversity (e.g., Trajano, 2000; Bichuette and Trajano, 2005; Fišer et al., 2013; Silva and Ferreira, 2015; 2016). However, most of these studies were performed in the Southeast- and Southern Atlantic Forest regions. More investigations are necessary in other Brazilian regions, especially in the Amazon region, to have a better understanding about the diversity and relationships of the group along the Brazilian territory.

Lastly, it is important to mention that the access to biodiversity constitutes one of the first steps to achieve further investigations in other fields of science (Rull, 2011). Considering that many ecosystems have been suffering from intense alterations due to habitat loss caused by urban expansions, fragmentation or climate changes, the knowledge about the diversity provides subsidies for conservation or management plan strategies (Myers et al., 2000; Mittermeier et al., 2005).

Acknowledgments

We are greatful to the associate editor S. Taiti and the anonymous reviewer for their suggestions to improve this catalogue; to CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior) for the postdoctoral fellowship granted to ISC-F (CAPES/PNPD/UFCG/CTRN/PPGRN/201713705-5).

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  06 Dec 2018
• Date of issue
  2018

History

• Received
  06 Dec 2017
• Accepted
  27 July 2018