O espartilho de minha avó: linhagens femininas na antropologia

Corrêa, Mariza

doi:10.1590/S0104-71831997000300006

Resumo

A partir de uma rápida avaliação sobre a presença de antropólogas no cenário das três tradições antropológicas mais antigas – a britânica, a francesa e a norte-americana – e sobre a tentativa de suas sucessoras contemporâneas em recuperar seu trabalho para a história da antropologia, é possível refletir sobre nosso trabalho com outras sociedades e como estamos tratando as diferenças culturais em nossas analises delas. Compreender o que distingue e aproxima as antropólogas dos antropólogos em nossa própria tribo talvez nos ajude na reflexão sobre essas distinções e aproximações nas tribos dos outros.

Abstract

Trough a brief evaluation of the importance of women anthropologists for our most traditional anthropological scenarios – the British, the French and the American one – and reviewing the the contemporary efforts to bring them back to the forefront of the history of our discipline, it is possible to ask what have we been doing with the cultural differences in our analyses of other societies. Knowing what is it that makes women and men anthropologists different and similar in our own tribe maybe help us to know better such differences and similarities in other tribes.

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Referências

¹
ABU-LUGHOD, L. Can there be a feminist ethnography?. Women and Performance, v. 5, n. 1, 1988.
²
ARDENER, E. Belief and the problem of women. In: LA FONTAINE, J. S. (Ed.). The interpretation of ritual: essays in honour of A. I. Richards. London: Tavistock, 1972.
³
ARDENER, S. (Ed.). Persons and powers of women in diverse cultures: essays in commemoration of Audrey I. Richards, Phyllis Kaberry and Barbara E. Ward. Oxford: Berg, 1992.
⁴
BABCOCK, B.; PAREZO, N. Daughters of the desert: women anthropologists and the native american southwest, 1880-1980. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1988.
⁵
BATESON, M. C. With a daughter’s eye: a memoir of MargaretMead and Gregory Bateson. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1984.
⁶
BEHAR, R.; GORDON, D. (Ed.). Women writing culture Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
⁷
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⁸
BOWEN, E. S. Return to laughter New York: Harper & Brothers, 1954.
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CAFFREY, M. Ruth Benedict: stranger in this land. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989.
¹⁰
CAPLAN, P. Engendering knowledge: the politics of ethnography. In: ARDENER, S. (Ed.). Persons and powers of women in diverse cultures: essays in commemoration of Audrey I. Richards, Phyllis Kaberry and Barbara E. Ward. Oxford: Berg, 1992.
¹¹
CARNEIRO, E. Uma “falseta” de Arthur Ramos. In: CARNEIRO, E. Ladinos e crioulos: estudos sobre o negro no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 1964.
¹²
CHAMOUX, M.-N. Les femmes dans l’anthropologie sociale en France: quelques points de repère…. L’Homme, v. 19, n. 3/4, juill./déc. 1979.
¹³
CLIFFORD, J. Person and myth: Maurice Leenhardt in the Melanesian world. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.
¹⁴
CLIFFORD, J. Power and dialogue in ethnography: Marcel Griaule’s initiation. In: HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY: vol. I. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.
¹⁵
CLIFFORD, J. Routes: travel and translation in the late twentieth century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.
¹⁶
CLIFFORD, J.; MARCUS, G. (Ed.). Writing culture: the poetics and politics of ethnography Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.
¹⁷
CORRÊA, M. Antropologia e colonialismo cultural: o professor Evans-Pritchard e a mulher. Boletim dos trabalhos em andamento na antropologia, Campinas: IFCH/Unicamp, 1974.
¹⁸
CRITIQUE OF ANTHROPOLOGY. Special issue on women writing culture, v. 13, n. 4, 1993.
¹⁹
DOUGLAS, M. If the Dogon… In: DOUGLAS, M. Implicit meanings, essays in anthropology London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984.
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EVANS-PRITCHARD, E. E. The position of women in primitive societies and other essays in social anthropology London: Faber & Faber, 1965.
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EVANS-PRITCHARD, E. E. Social Anthropology London: Cohen & West, 1967.
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³⁴
JUNGMANSE, D. G.; GULKINDIEDS, P. C. W. (Ed.). Anthropologists in the field New York: Humanities Press, 1967.
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KABERRY, P. Aboriginal woman, sacred and profane London: Routledge, 1939.
³⁶
KABERRY, P. Women of the Grassfields: a study of the economic position of women in Bamenda, British Cameroons. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1952.
³⁷
KABERRY, P. Introduction. In: MALINOWSKI, B. The dynamics of culture change: an inquiry into race relations in Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961.
³⁸
KUKLICK, H. The savage within: the social history of British Anthropology, 1885-1945. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
³⁹
KUPER, H. Function, history, biography: reflections on fifty years in the Britih anthropological tradition. In: Stocking, G. (Ed.). Functionalism historicized Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. (History of Anthropology, 2).
⁴⁰
LADERMAN, C. Reply to Rosemary Firth. American Ethnologist, v. 13, n. 1, 1986.
⁴¹
LAMPHERE, L. Feminist anthropology: the legacy of Elsie Clews Parsons. American Ethnologist, v. 16, n. 2, 1989.
⁴²
LANDES, R. A cidade das mulheres Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 1967.
⁴³
LANDES, R. A woman anthropologist in Brazil. In: GOLDE, P. (Ed.). Women in the field: anthropological experiences. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.
⁴⁴
LEIRIS, M. L’Afrique Fantôme Paris: Gallimard, 1981.
⁴⁵
LÉVI-STRAUSS, C. Minhas palavras São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1986.
⁴⁶
LÉVI-STRAUSS, D. Instruções práticas para pesquisas de antropologia física e cultural São Paulo: Departamento Municipal de Cultura, 1936.
⁴⁷
LIFCHITZ, D.; PAULME, D.; DUPUIS, A. Correspondance de Deborah Lifchitz et Denise Paulme avec Michel Leiris, Sanga, 1935. Gradhiva, n. 3, 1987.
⁴⁸
LURIE, N. O. Women in early American Anthropology. In: HELM, J. (Ed.). Pioneers of American Anthropology: the uses of biography. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1966.
⁴⁹
LUTKEHAUS, N. ‘She was very Cambridge’: Camilla Wedgwood and the history of women in British social anthropology. American Etnologist, v. 13, n. 4, 1986.
⁵⁰
LUTZ, C. The erasure of women’s writings in sociocultural anthropology. American Ethnologist, v. 17, n. 4, 1990.
⁵¹
MacKENZIE, M. A. Androgynous objects: string bags and gender in central New Guinea. Melbourne: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1991.
⁵²
MALINOWSKA, H. W. Bronislaw Malinowski: the influence of various women on his life and works. American Ethnologist, v. 12, n. 3, 1983.
⁵³
MALINOWSKI, B. Preface. In: FIRTH, R. We the Tikopia: a sociological study of kinship in primitive Polynesia. London: Allen & Unwin, 1936.
⁵⁴
MASCIA-LEES, F.; SHARPE, P.; COHEN, C. N. The postmodernist turn in anthropology: cautions from a feminist perspective. Signs, v. 15, n. 1, 1989.
⁵⁵
MATHIEU, N.-C. Homme-culture et femme-nature?. L’Homme, v. 13, n. 3, juill./sept. 1973.
⁵⁶
MAUSS, M. Ensaios de Sociologia São Paulo: Perspectiva, 1981.
⁵⁷
MEAD, M. Cartas de una antropóloga Barcelona: Bruguera: Emece, 1983.
⁵⁸
MICELI, S. (Org.). História das Ciências Sociais no Brasil: vol. II. São Paulo: Sumaré, 1995.
⁵⁹
MILTON, K. Male bias in Anthropology?. Man, n. 14, 1979.
⁶⁰
MURPHY, R. Anthropology at Columbia: a reminiscence. Dialectical Anthropology, v. 16, n. 1, 1991.
⁶¹
MURPHY, Y.; MURPHY, R. Women of the forest New York: Columbia University Press, 1974.
⁶²
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⁶³
POWDERMAKER, H. Stranger and friend: the way of an anthropologist. New York: Norton, 1966.
⁶⁴
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⁶⁵
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⁶⁶
RICHARDS, A. I. Chisungu: A girl’s initiation ceremony among the Bemba of Northern Rhodesia. London: Faber & Faber, 1956.
⁶⁷
RICHARDS, A. I. African systems of thought: an anglo-french dialogue. Man, v. 2, n. 2, June 1967.
⁶⁸
SANJEK, R. (Ed.). Fieldnotes: the makings of anthropology. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.
⁶⁹
SCHAPERA, I. On the founding fathers, fieldwork and functionalism: a conversation with Isaac Schapera. American Ethnologist, v. 15, n. 3, 1988.
⁷⁰
SHOSTAK, M. Nisa: the life and words of a !Kung Woman. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.
⁷¹
SILVERMAN, S. (Ed.). Totems and teachers: perspectives on the history of anthropology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1981.
⁷²
SMITH, M. Baba of Caro New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954.
⁷³
STACEY, J. Can there be a feminist ethnography?. Women’s Studies International Forum, v. 2, n. 1, 1988.
⁷⁴
STOCKING, G. Philanthropoids and vanishing cultures. In: STOCKING, G. (Ed.). Objects and others Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1985. (History of Anthropology, 3).
⁷⁵
STOCKING, G. (Ed.). Malinowski, Rivers, Benedict and others: essays on culture and personality. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1986. (History of Anthropology, 4).
⁷⁶
STOCKING, G. (Ed.). Colonial situations: essays on the contextualization of ethnographic knowledge. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1991. (History of Anthropology, 7).
⁷⁷
STOCKING, G. After Tylor: British Social Anthropology, 1888-1951. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1995.
⁷⁸
STRATHERN, M. Culture in a netbag: the manufacture of a subdiscipline in Anthropology. Man, v. 16, n. 4, 1981.
⁷⁹
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⁸⁰
STRATHERN, M. Out of context: the persuasive fictions of anthropology. Current Anthropology, v. 28, n. 3, 1987b.
⁸¹
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⁸²
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Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Nov 1997

Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons - Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.

[1] ¹
ABU-LUGHOD, L. Can there be a feminist ethnography?. Women and Performance, v. 5, n. 1, 1988.

[2] ²
ARDENER, E. Belief and the problem of women. In: LA FONTAINE, J. S. (Ed.). The interpretation of ritual: essays in honour of A. I. Richards. London: Tavistock, 1972.

[3] ³
ARDENER, S. (Ed.). Persons and powers of women in diverse cultures: essays in commemoration of Audrey I. Richards, Phyllis Kaberry and Barbara E. Ward. Oxford: Berg, 1992.

[4] ⁴
BABCOCK, B.; PAREZO, N. Daughters of the desert: women anthropologists and the native american southwest, 1880-1980. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1988.

[5] ⁵
BATESON, M. C. With a daughter’s eye: a memoir of MargaretMead and Gregory Bateson. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1984.

[6] ⁶
BEHAR, R.; GORDON, D. (Ed.). Women writing culture Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.

[7] ⁷
BELL, D. Introduction I, the context. In: BELL, D.; CAPLAN, P.; KARIM, W. J. Gendered fields, women, men and ethnography London: Routledge, 1993.

[8] ⁸
BOWEN, E. S. Return to laughter New York: Harper & Brothers, 1954.

[9] ⁹
CAFFREY, M. Ruth Benedict: stranger in this land. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989.

[10] ¹⁰
CAPLAN, P. Engendering knowledge: the politics of ethnography. In: ARDENER, S. (Ed.). Persons and powers of women in diverse cultures: essays in commemoration of Audrey I. Richards, Phyllis Kaberry and Barbara E. Ward. Oxford: Berg, 1992.

[11] ¹¹
CARNEIRO, E. Uma “falseta” de Arthur Ramos. In: CARNEIRO, E. Ladinos e crioulos: estudos sobre o negro no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 1964.

[12] ¹²
CHAMOUX, M.-N. Les femmes dans l’anthropologie sociale en France: quelques points de repère…. L’Homme, v. 19, n. 3/4, juill./déc. 1979.

[13] ¹³
CLIFFORD, J. Person and myth: Maurice Leenhardt in the Melanesian world. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.

[14] ¹⁴
CLIFFORD, J. Power and dialogue in ethnography: Marcel Griaule’s initiation. In: HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY: vol. I. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

[15] ¹⁵
CLIFFORD, J. Routes: travel and translation in the late twentieth century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.

[16] ¹⁶
CLIFFORD, J.; MARCUS, G. (Ed.). Writing culture: the poetics and politics of ethnography Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.

[17] ¹⁷
CORRÊA, M. Antropologia e colonialismo cultural: o professor Evans-Pritchard e a mulher. Boletim dos trabalhos em andamento na antropologia, Campinas: IFCH/Unicamp, 1974.

[18] ¹⁸
CRITIQUE OF ANTHROPOLOGY. Special issue on women writing culture, v. 13, n. 4, 1993.

[19] ¹⁹
DOUGLAS, M. If the Dogon… In: DOUGLAS, M. Implicit meanings, essays in anthropology London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984.

[20] ²⁰
EVANS-PRITCHARD, E. E. The position of women in primitive societies and other essays in social anthropology London: Faber & Faber, 1965.

[21] ²¹
EVANS-PRITCHARD, E. E. Social Anthropology London: Cohen & West, 1967.

[22] ²²
FALGOUT, S. Americans in paradise: anthropologists, custom, and democracy in postwar Micronesia. Ethnology, v. 34, n. 2, 1995.

[23] ²³
FIRTH, R. (Ed.). Man and culture: an evaluation of the work of Bronislaw Malinowski. New York: [s.n.], 1957.

[24] ²⁴
FIRTH, R. From wife to anthropologist. In: KIMBALL, S. T.; WATSON, J. B. (Ed.). Crossing cultural boundaries: the anthropological experience. San Francisco: Chandler Publishing Company, 1972.

[25] ²⁵
FOERSTEL, L.; GILLIAM, A. (Ed.). Confronting the Margaret Mead legacy: scholarship, empire and the South Pacific. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992.

[26] ²⁶
FRIEDMAN, S. Beyond white and othemrelationality and narratives of race in feminist discourse. Signs, v. 21, n. 1, 1995.

[27] ²⁷
GACS, U. et al. (Ed.). Women anthropologists: a biographical dictionary. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.

[28] ²⁸
GEERTZ, C. Works and lives: the anthropologist as author. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988.

[29] ²⁹
GOLDE, P.; RAMOS, A. Pesquisas estrangeiras sobre o negro brasileiro. In: RAMOS, A. A aculturação negra no Brasil São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1942.

[30] ³⁰
HEALEY, M. Os desencontros da tradição em Cidade das Mulheres: raça e gênero na etnografia de Ruth Landes. Cadernos Pagu, n. 6/7, 1996.

[31] ³¹
HERSKOVITS, M.; HERSKOVITS, F. Suriname folklore [S.l.]:[s.n.], 1936.

[32] ³²
HOOKS, B. Yearning: race, gender and cultural politics. Boston: South End Press, 1990.

[33] ³³
HOWARD, J. Margaret Mead New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984.

[34] ³⁴
JUNGMANSE, D. G.; GULKINDIEDS, P. C. W. (Ed.). Anthropologists in the field New York: Humanities Press, 1967.

[35] ³⁵
KABERRY, P. Aboriginal woman, sacred and profane London: Routledge, 1939.

[36] ³⁶
KABERRY, P. Women of the Grassfields: a study of the economic position of women in Bamenda, British Cameroons. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1952.

[37] ³⁷
KABERRY, P. Introduction. In: MALINOWSKI, B. The dynamics of culture change: an inquiry into race relations in Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961.

[38] ³⁸
KUKLICK, H. The savage within: the social history of British Anthropology, 1885-1945. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

[39] ³⁹
KUPER, H. Function, history, biography: reflections on fifty years in the Britih anthropological tradition. In: Stocking, G. (Ed.). Functionalism historicized Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. (History of Anthropology, 2).

[40] ⁴⁰
LADERMAN, C. Reply to Rosemary Firth. American Ethnologist, v. 13, n. 1, 1986.

[41] ⁴¹
LAMPHERE, L. Feminist anthropology: the legacy of Elsie Clews Parsons. American Ethnologist, v. 16, n. 2, 1989.

[42] ⁴²
LANDES, R. A cidade das mulheres Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 1967.

[43] ⁴³
LANDES, R. A woman anthropologist in Brazil. In: GOLDE, P. (Ed.). Women in the field: anthropological experiences. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.

[44] ⁴⁴
LEIRIS, M. L’Afrique Fantôme Paris: Gallimard, 1981.

[45] ⁴⁵
LÉVI-STRAUSS, C. Minhas palavras São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1986.

[46] ⁴⁶
LÉVI-STRAUSS, D. Instruções práticas para pesquisas de antropologia física e cultural São Paulo: Departamento Municipal de Cultura, 1936.

[47] ⁴⁷
LIFCHITZ, D.; PAULME, D.; DUPUIS, A. Correspondance de Deborah Lifchitz et Denise Paulme avec Michel Leiris, Sanga, 1935. Gradhiva, n. 3, 1987.

[48] ⁴⁸
LURIE, N. O. Women in early American Anthropology. In: HELM, J. (Ed.). Pioneers of American Anthropology: the uses of biography. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1966.

[49] ⁴⁹
LUTKEHAUS, N. ‘She was very Cambridge’: Camilla Wedgwood and the history of women in British social anthropology. American Etnologist, v. 13, n. 4, 1986.

[50] ⁵⁰
LUTZ, C. The erasure of women’s writings in sociocultural anthropology. American Ethnologist, v. 17, n. 4, 1990.

[51] ⁵¹
MacKENZIE, M. A. Androgynous objects: string bags and gender in central New Guinea. Melbourne: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1991.

[52] ⁵²
MALINOWSKA, H. W. Bronislaw Malinowski: the influence of various women on his life and works. American Ethnologist, v. 12, n. 3, 1983.

[53] ⁵³
MALINOWSKI, B. Preface. In: FIRTH, R. We the Tikopia: a sociological study of kinship in primitive Polynesia. London: Allen & Unwin, 1936.

[54] ⁵⁴
MASCIA-LEES, F.; SHARPE, P.; COHEN, C. N. The postmodernist turn in anthropology: cautions from a feminist perspective. Signs, v. 15, n. 1, 1989.

[55] ⁵⁵
MATHIEU, N.-C. Homme-culture et femme-nature?. L’Homme, v. 13, n. 3, juill./sept. 1973.

[56] ⁵⁶
MAUSS, M. Ensaios de Sociologia São Paulo: Perspectiva, 1981.

[57] ⁵⁷
MEAD, M. Cartas de una antropóloga Barcelona: Bruguera: Emece, 1983.

[58] ⁵⁸
MICELI, S. (Org.). História das Ciências Sociais no Brasil: vol. II. São Paulo: Sumaré, 1995.

[59] ⁵⁹
MILTON, K. Male bias in Anthropology?. Man, n. 14, 1979.

[60] ⁶⁰
MURPHY, R. Anthropology at Columbia: a reminiscence. Dialectical Anthropology, v. 16, n. 1, 1991.

[61] ⁶¹
MURPHY, Y.; MURPHY, R. Women of the forest New York: Columbia University Press, 1974.

[62] ⁶²
ORTNER, S. Is female to male as nature is to culture?. In: ROSALDO, M. Z.; LAMPHERE, L. (Ed.). Woman, culture and society Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1974.

[63] ⁶³
POWDERMAKER, H. Stranger and friend: the way of an anthropologist. New York: Norton, 1966.

[64] ⁶⁴
PRICE, S.; JUMIN, J. A conversation with Mlichel Leiris. Current Anthropology, v. 29, n. 1, 1988.

[65] ⁶⁵
REINHARZ, S. Feminist methods in social research Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

[66] ⁶⁶
RICHARDS, A. I. Chisungu: A girl’s initiation ceremony among the Bemba of Northern Rhodesia. London: Faber & Faber, 1956.

[67] ⁶⁷
RICHARDS, A. I. African systems of thought: an anglo-french dialogue. Man, v. 2, n. 2, June 1967.

[68] ⁶⁸
SANJEK, R. (Ed.). Fieldnotes: the makings of anthropology. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.

[69] ⁶⁹
SCHAPERA, I. On the founding fathers, fieldwork and functionalism: a conversation with Isaac Schapera. American Ethnologist, v. 15, n. 3, 1988.

[70] ⁷⁰
SHOSTAK, M. Nisa: the life and words of a !Kung Woman. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.

[71] ⁷¹
SILVERMAN, S. (Ed.). Totems and teachers: perspectives on the history of anthropology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1981.

[72] ⁷²
SMITH, M. Baba of Caro New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954.

[73] ⁷³
STACEY, J. Can there be a feminist ethnography?. Women’s Studies International Forum, v. 2, n. 1, 1988.

[74] ⁷⁴
STOCKING, G. Philanthropoids and vanishing cultures. In: STOCKING, G. (Ed.). Objects and others Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1985. (History of Anthropology, 3).

[75] ⁷⁵
STOCKING, G. (Ed.). Malinowski, Rivers, Benedict and others: essays on culture and personality. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1986. (History of Anthropology, 4).

[76] ⁷⁶
STOCKING, G. (Ed.). Colonial situations: essays on the contextualization of ethnographic knowledge. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1991. (History of Anthropology, 7).

[77] ⁷⁷
STOCKING, G. After Tylor: British Social Anthropology, 1888-1951. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1995.

[78] ⁷⁸
STRATHERN, M. Culture in a netbag: the manufacture of a subdiscipline in Anthropology. Man, v. 16, n. 4, 1981.

[79] ⁷⁹
STRATHERN, M. An awkward relationship: the case of feminism and anthropology. Signs, v. 12, n. 2, 1987a.

[80] ⁸⁰
STRATHERN, M. Out of context: the persuasive fictions of anthropology. Current Anthropology, v. 28, n. 3, 1987b.

[81] ⁸¹
STRATHERN, M. Kinship and economy: constitutive orders of a provisional kind. American Ethnologist, v. 12, n. 2, 1985.

[82] ⁸²
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