On brazilian hydromedusae and their distribution in relation to different water masses

Vannucci, M.

doi:10.1590/S0373-55241957000100002

Abstract

Estuda-se neste trabalho a fauna de hidromedusas das águas brasileiras em sua sistemática e distribuição. 1 - Todas as espécies são descritas em detalhe porque a maioria é nova para esta parte do Atlântico. De várias dá-se uma sucinta revisão do gênero. Uma espécie é descrita como nova: Laodicea minúscula. Seus caracteres específicos são: tamanho diminuto dos espécimes sexualmente maduros; apenas quatro tentáculos bem desenvolvidos, perradiais: quatro bulbos interradiais; manubrium pequeno; oito córdilos, ocelos ausentes. A presença de Eucodonium brownei constitue achado zoogeogràficamente inesperado. Bougainvillia frondosa foi reencontrada agora pela primeira vez depois da descrição original. Corymorpha gracilis é mantida como espécie distinta de Corymorpha (Steenstrupia) nutans europea. 2 - As medusas aqui estudadas pertencem, tipicamente a uma fauna de águas quentes. Quatorze espécies têm reconhecida ou provável distribuição circuntropical ou são vastamente distribuídas. Sete são exclusivamente Atlânticas, sendo 3 destas exclusivas do Atlântico ocidental. Apenas duas são comuns ao Atlântico e Pacífico. A única espécie nova é de águas costeiras. 3 - Na massa de águas costeiras, cuja salinidade é inferior a 35‰, foi encontrado o maior número de espécies diferentes. Dez destas são exclusivas de águas costeiras. 4 - As águas da plataforma, com salinidade entre 35 e 36‰ caracterizam-se pela grande quantidade de espécimes, sendo indicadoras dessa massa de águas: Corymorpha gracilis, Proboscidactyla ornata e Turritopsis nutricula. 5 - As águas do norte, com salinidade acima de 36‰ caracterizam-se por uma associação de espécies holoplanctônicas, sendo indicadora: Geryonia proboscidalis, e havendo preponderância de Aglaura hemistoma sobre Liriope tetraphilla. As águas do norte tornam-se cada vez mais empobrescidas à medida que progridem para o sul. 6 - Há indícios seguros de que várias espécies realizam migrações diurnas verticais, entre outras: Proboscidactyla ornata, Turritopsis nutricula, Cunina octonaria. 7 - Todas as espécies oceânicas são holoplanctônicas, circuntropicais e representantes de gêneros monotípicos ou de pouquíssimas espécies. As espécies meroplanctônicas são costeiras ou de águas da plataforma, com distribuição geográfica mais restrita. A abundância relativa de Aglaura e Liriope parece ser inversamente proporcional. 8 - Faz-se, por fim, uma comparação com os resultados alcançados no estudo das medusas coletadas pela Great Barrier Reef Expedition.

On brazilian hydromedusae and their distribution in relation to different water masses

M. Vannucci^* (* ) This work was partly supported by a grant from the National Research Council of Brazil.

RESUMO

Estuda-se neste trabalho a fauna de hidromedusas das águas brasileiras em sua sistemática e distribuição.

1 - Todas as espécies são descritas em detalhe porque a maioria é nova para esta parte do Atlântico. De várias dá-se uma sucinta revisão do gênero.

Uma espécie é descrita como nova: Laodicea minúscula. Seus caracteres específicos são: tamanho diminuto dos espécimes sexualmente maduros; apenas quatro tentáculos bem desenvolvidos, perradiais: quatro bulbos interradiais; manubrium pequeno; oito córdilos, ocelos ausentes.

A presença de Eucodonium brownei constitue achado zoogeogràficamente inesperado. Bougainvillia frondosa foi reencontrada agora pela primeira vez depois da descrição original. Corymorpha gracilis é mantida como espécie distinta de Corymorpha (Steenstrupia) nutans europea.

2 - As medusas aqui estudadas pertencem, tipicamente a uma fauna de águas quentes. Quatorze espécies têm reconhecida ou provável distribuição circuntropical ou são vastamente distribuídas.

Sete são exclusivamente Atlânticas, sendo 3 destas exclusivas do Atlântico ocidental. Apenas duas são comuns ao Atlântico e Pacífico. A única espécie nova é de águas costeiras.

3 - Na massa de águas costeiras, cuja salinidade é inferior a 35, foi encontrado o maior número de espécies diferentes. Dez destas são exclusivas de águas costeiras.

4 - As águas da plataforma, com salinidade entre 35 e 36 caracterizam-se pela grande quantidade de espécimes, sendo indicadoras dessa massa de águas: Corymorpha gracilis, Proboscidactyla ornata e Turritopsis nutricula.

5 - As águas do norte, com salinidade acima de 36 caracterizam-se por uma associação de espécies holoplanctônicas, sendo indicadora: Geryonia proboscidalis, e havendo preponderância de Aglaura hemistoma sobre Liriope tetraphilla. As águas do norte tornam-se cada vez mais empobrescidas à medida que progridem para o sul.

6 - Há indícios seguros de que várias espécies realizam migrações diurnas verticais, entre outras: Proboscidactyla ornata, Turritopsis nutricula, Cunina octonaria.

7 - Todas as espécies oceânicas são holoplanctônicas, circuntropicais e representantes de gêneros monotípicos ou de pouquíssimas espécies. As espécies meroplanctônicas são costeiras ou de águas da plataforma, com distribuição geográfica mais restrita. A abundância relativa de Aglaura e Liriope parece ser inversamente proporcional.

8 - Faz-se, por fim, uma comparação com os resultados alcançados no estudo das medusas coletadas pela Great Barrier Reef Expedition.

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______. 1909, Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific . . . "Albatross" etc. XVI. The Medusae. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. v. 37, pp. 1-243, pls. 1-48.
______. 1913, Medusae and Siphonophorae collected by the U. S. Steamer "Albatross" in the Northwestern Pacific, 1906. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 44, nş 1946, pp. 1-119, pls. 1-6.
______. 1915, Exploration of the coast waters between Nova Scotia and Chesapeake Bay, July and August .. . U. S. Fisheries Schooner "Grampus". Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. v. 59, pp. 151-359, pls. 1-2.
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______. 1938, Plankton of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expedition. VIII. Medusae taken during the years 1929 and 1930. Zoológica, N. Y., v. 23, pp. 99-189.
______. 1940, Medusae of the Templeton Crocker and Eastern Pacific Zaca Expeditions, 1936-1938. Zoológica, N. Y., v. 25, pp. 281-321.
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BROOKS, W. K. 1884, On the Life History of Eutima and on radial and bilateral symmetry in Hydroids. Zool. Anz. Jahrg. 7, pp. 709-711.
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______. 1898, On the Pelagic Fauna of Plymouth for September, 1897, G. Mar. Biol. Ass. v. 5, pp. 176-180.
______. 1900, The Medusae. Fauna and Flora of Valencia Harbour. Proc. Eloy. Irish Acad. Ser. 3, v. 5, pp. 694-736, 3 pls.
______. 1906, Biscayan Plankton collected during a cruise of H. M. S. "Research", 1900. Part. IX. The Medusae. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Ser. 2. v. 10, pp. 163-187, pl. 13.
______. 1907a, A new method for growing Hydroids in small aquaria by means of a continuos current tube. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. v. 8, pp. 37-43.
______. 1907b, A Revision of the Medusae belonging to the family Laodiceidae. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 7, v. 20, pp. 457-480.
______. 1910, Coelenterata. Medusae. Nat. Ant. Exped. 1901-1904. Nat. Hist. v. 5, Zool. & Bot. pp. 1-62, pls. 1-7.
______. 1916, Medusae from the Indian Ocean. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Ser. 2 (Zool.), v. 17, pp. 169-210, pl. 39.
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(*

) This work was partly supported by a grant from the National Research Council of Brazil.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
15 June 2012
Date of issue
1957

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[9] ANNANDALE, N. 1917, Zoological Results of a Tour in the Far East. Hydrozoa and Ctenophora. Mem. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, v. 6, pp. 103-117.

[10] BABNIK, P. 1948, Hidromeduze iz srednjega in juznega jadrana v Letih 1939 in 1940. Acta Adriática Split, v. 3, pp. 275-348, 4 tbs.

[11] BERRILL, N. J. 1950, Growth and form in Calyptoblastic Hydroids. II. Polymorphism within the Companulariidae. J. Morph. v. 87, pp. 1-26.

[12] BIGELOW, H. B. 1904, Medusae from the Maldive Islands. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. v. 39, pp. 245-269, pls. 1-9.

[13] ______. 1909, Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific . . . "Albatross" etc. XVI. The Medusae. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. v. 37, pp. 1-243, pls. 1-48.

[14] ______. 1913, Medusae and Siphonophorae collected by the U. S. Steamer "Albatross" in the Northwestern Pacific, 1906. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 44, nş 1946, pp. 1-119, pls. 1-6.

[15] ______. 1915, Exploration of the coast waters between Nova Scotia and Chesapeake Bay, July and August .. . U. S. Fisheries Schooner "Grampus". Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. v. 59, pp. 151-359, pls. 1-2.

[16] BIGELOW, H. B. 1919, Hydromedusae, Siphonophores and Ctenophores of the Albatross Philippine Expedition. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, v. 1, pp. 279-362, pls. 39-43.

[17] ______. 1938, Plankton of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expedition. VIII. Medusae taken during the years 1929 and 1930. Zoológica, N. Y., v. 23, pp. 99-189.

[18] ______. 1940, Medusae of the Templeton Crocker and Eastern Pacific Zaca Expeditions, 1936-1938. Zoológica, N. Y., v. 25, pp. 281-321.

[19] BJORNBERG, T. K. S. & FORNERIS, L. 1956, On the uneven distribution of the Copelata of the Alcatrazes area. Bol. Inst. Ocean, v. 7, pp. 113-115.

[20] BROOKS, W. K. 1884, On the Life History of Eutima and on radial and bilateral symmetry in Hydroids. Zool. Anz. Jahrg. 7, pp. 709-711.

[21] BROWNE, E. T. 1896, On British Hydroids and Medusae. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, v. 30, pp. 459-500, pls. 16-17.

[22] ______. 1898, On the Pelagic Fauna of Plymouth for September, 1897, G. Mar. Biol. Ass. v. 5, pp. 176-180.

[23] ______. 1900, The Medusae. Fauna and Flora of Valencia Harbour. Proc. Eloy. Irish Acad. Ser. 3, v. 5, pp. 694-736, 3 pls.

[24] ______. 1906, Biscayan Plankton collected during a cruise of H. M. S. "Research", 1900. Part. IX. The Medusae. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Ser. 2. v. 10, pp. 163-187, pl. 13.

[25] ______. 1907a, A new method for growing Hydroids in small aquaria by means of a continuos current tube. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. v. 8, pp. 37-43.

[26] ______. 1907b, A Revision of the Medusae belonging to the family Laodiceidae. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 7, v. 20, pp. 457-480.

[27] ______. 1910, Coelenterata. Medusae. Nat. Ant. Exped. 1901-1904. Nat. Hist. v. 5, Zool. & Bot. pp. 1-62, pls. 1-7.

[28] ______. 1916, Medusae from the Indian Ocean. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Ser. 2 (Zool.), v. 17, pp. 169-210, pl. 39.

[29] BRÜCKNER, E. 1914, Beitrag zur Kenntniss von Perigonimus cidaritis Weissman und Geminaria implexa var. neapolitana Hargitt. Zeits. Wiss. Zool., v. 111, pp. 445-505, pls. 8-9.

[30] CALKINS, G. N. 1899, Some hydroids from Puget Sound. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. v. 28, pp. 333-367, pls. 1-6.

[31] CANDEIAS, A. 1932, Contribuição para o conhecimento dos Celenterados planctónicos das costas Portuguesas. Mem. Mus. Zool. Univ. Coimbra, Ser. 1, n.ş 57, pp. 5-11, pl. 2.

[32] DAWYDOFF, C. 1907, Sur la question du mésoderme chez les Coelentérés. Zool. Anz. v. 31, pp. 119-124.

[33] EMILSSON, I. 1956, Relatório e Resultados Físico-Químicos de três Cruzeiros Oceanográficos em 1956. Contr. Avulsas Inst. Ocean., Ocean. Fis. n.ş 1, pp.. 1-70.

[34] FEWKES, J. W. 1881, Studies on the Jelly-fishes of Narragansett Bay. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. v. 8, pp. 141-182, pls. 1-10.

[35] ______. 1882, On the Acalephae of the East Coast of New England. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. v. 9, pp. 291-310, pl. 1.

[36] FOERSTER, R. E. 1923, The Hydromedusae of the West Coast of North America, with special reference to those of the Vancouver Island Region. Contr. Canad. Biol. N. S., v. 1, pp. 219-277.

[37] FOL, H. 1873, Die erste Entwickelung des Geryonidenseies. Jena. Zeits. Naturw. v. 7, pp. 471-492.

[38] FORBES, E. 1848, A Monograph of the British Naked-eyed Medusae: with figures of all species. Ray Soc. Monogr. pp. 1-104, pls. 1-13.

[39] GEGENBAUR, C. 1856, Versuch eines Systèmes der Medusen, mit Beschreibung neuer oder venig bekanntes Formen ; zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Fauna des Mittelmeeres. Z. wiss. Zool. v. 8, pp. 202-273, pls. 7-10.

[40] HAND, C. 1954, Three Pacific species of "Lar" (including a new species), their hosts, Medusae, and relationships. (Coelenterata, Hydrozoa). Pac. Sc. v. 8, pp. 51-67.

[41] HARGITT, C. W. 1902, Notes on a few medusae new to Woods Hole. Biol. Bull. v. 4, pp. 13-23.

[42] ______. 1908, Notes on a few Coelenterates of Woods Hole. Biol. Bull. v. 14, pp. 95-120.

[43] HOSOE, K. 1956, Chaetognaths from the Isles of Fernando de Noronha. Contr. Avulsas Inst. Ocean. Ocean. Biol, n.ş 3, pp. 1-9.

[44] JOHNSTON, G. 1847, A History of the British Hydroid Zoophytes. 2 v. London.

[45] KISHINOUYE, K. 1910, Some Medusae of Japanese waters. J. Coll. Sei. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, v. 27, pp. 1-35, pls. 1-5.

[46] KRAMP, P. L. 1924, Medusae. Hep. Danish Ocean. Exp. 1908-1910 Mediterr. Adj. Seas, v. 2, Biol. H. 1, pp. 1-67.

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