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Occurrence of doliolids and salps during 1958, 1959, and 1960 off the São Paulo coast

Abstracts

Plankton samples were collected fortnightly off São Paulo coast during 1958, 1959 and 1960. The following Thaliacians were recorded Doliolum nationalis, Dolioletta gegenbauri and Thalia democrática. Morphological and ecological aspects of each species were studied. Doliolids seemed to be endemic in the region, occurring throughout the whole period of survey. The salps occurred only occasionally in dense swarms suggesting that this species is carried into the region by offshore waters.


O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo dos Thaliacea coletados ao largo de Santos e Cananéia em 1958, 1959, e 1960. Foram estudados aspectos morfológicos e ecológicos das espécies coletadas: Doliolum nutionalis, Dolioletta gegenbauri e Thalia democratica. Os doliolidos parecem ser endêmicos nesta área, ocorrendo durante todo o período de coletas. As salpas ocorrem só ocasionalmente em densos "cardumes", sugerindo que esta espécie introduzida nesta área por águas oceânicas.


Occurrence of doliolids and salps during 1958, 1959, and 1960 off the São Paulo coast* * This research was partially supported by "Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo".

D. Q. Tavares

Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo

SYNOPSIS

Plankton samples were collected fortnightly off São Paulo coast during 1958, 1959 and 1960.

The following Thaliacians were recorded Doliolum nationalis, Dolioletta gegenbauri and Thalia democrática. Morphological and ecological aspects of each species were studied.

Doliolids seemed to be endemic in the region, occurring throughout the whole period of survey. The salps occurred only occasionally in dense swarms suggesting that this species is carried into the region by offshore waters.

RESUMO

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo dos Thaliacea coletados ao largo de Santos e Cananéia em 1958, 1959, e 1960. Foram estudados aspectos morfológicos e ecológicos das espécies coletadas: Doliolum nutionalis, Dolioletta gegenbauri e Thalia democratica.

Os doliolidos parecem ser endêmicos nesta área, ocorrendo durante todo o período de coletas. As salpas ocorrem só ocasionalmente em densos "cardumes", sugerindo que esta espécie introduzida nesta área por águas oceânicas.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks are due to Dr. MARTA VANNUCCI who suggested the study of this group; to Dr. LILIANA FORNERIS and Miss M. S. DE ALMEIDA PRADO for their kind advice and helpful suggestions; to Mrs. Marion Lupu for assistance with the text and to my colleagues who, in many ways, have contributed to the ellaboration of this paper. I am indebted to FAPESP for partially supporting this research.

REFERENCES

ALMEIDA PRADO, M. S. de Distribution and annual occurrence of Chaetognatha off Cananéia and Santos coast (São Paulo, Brazil). (Under press).

BARY, B. M. 1960. Notes on ecology, distribution and systematics of pelagic tunicates from New Zealand. Pacif. Sci., vol. 14, n.º 2, p. 101-121.

BERNARD, M. 1958. Systématique et distribution saisonnière des tuniciers pélagiques d'Alger. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Commn int. Explor. scient. Mer Méditerr., n.s., vol. 14, p. 211-231, 15 text-figs.

BERRILL, N. J. 1950. The Tunicata with an account of the British species. London, Ray Soc., p. 268-322, text-figs. 97-120.

BJÖRNBERG, T. K. S. 1963. On the marine free-living copepods off Brazil. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., vol. 13, n.º 1, p. 3-142, 51 figs.

BORGERT, A. H. C. 1894. Die Thaliacea der Plankton-Expedition. C. Vertheilung der Doliolen. Ergebn. Plankton-Exped. Humboldt-Stift., vol. 2, E a c, 68 p. est. 5-8.

BRACONNOT, J. C. 1963. Étude du cycle annuel des salpes et dolióles en rade de Villefranche-sur-Mer. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, vol. 28, n.º 1, p. 21-36, 6 text-figs.

EMÍLSSON , I. 1961. The shelf and coastal waters off southern Brazil. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., vol. 11, n.º 2, p. 101-112, 3 text-figs.

FORNERIS, L. 1965. Appendicularian species groups and southern Brazil water masses. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., vol 14, fasc, único, p. 53-114.

FRASER, J. H. 1947a. Thaliacea I. Family Salpidae. Fich. Ident. Zooplancton, n.º 9, 4 p.

FRASER, J. H. 1947b. Thaliacea II. Family Doliolidae. Fich. Ident. Zooplancton, n.º 10, 4 p.

FRASER, J. H. 1955. The plankton of the waters approaching the British Isles in 1953. Mar. Res., n.º 1, 12 p.

FRASER, J. H. 1961. The oceanic and bathypelagic plankton of the North East Atlantic. Mar. Res., n.º 4, 48 p.

FURNESTIN, M. L. 1960. Zooplancton du Golfe du Lion et de la côte orientale de Corse. Revue Trav. Inst. Pêch. marit., vol. 24, n.º 2, p. 153-252.

GARSTANG, W. 1933. Report on the Tunicata. Part. I. Doliolida. Nat. Hist. Rep. Br. Antarct. Terra Nova Exped., Zool., vol. 4, n.º 6, p. 195-251, 8 text-figs.

GODEAUX, J. 1957. Contribution à la connaissance des thaliacés (Pyrosome et Doliolum). Annls Soc. r. zool. Belg., vol. 88, p. 1-285, 103 text-figs.

GODEAUX, J. 1961. L'oozoide de Doliolum nationalis Borgert. Bull. Soc. r. Sci. Liége, vol. 30, n.º 1/2, p. 5-10.

GODEAUX, J. 1962. Tuniciers pélagiques. Expéd. océanogr. belge Eaux afr. Atlant, sud, vol. 3, n.º 7, 32 p. map 1, 5 text-figs.

KRUGER, H. 1939. Die Thaliaceen der 'Meteor'-Expedition. Wiss. Ergebn. dt. Exped. 'Meteor' 1925-27, vol. 13, n.º 2, p. 111-152.

METCALF, M. M. 1918. The Salpidae, a taxonomic study. Bull. U. S. natn. Mus., 100, vol. 2, part 2, 193 p., 150 text-figs., 14 est.

RUSSELL, F. S. & HASTINGS, A. B. 1933. On the occurrence of pelagic tunicates (Thaliacea) in the waters of the English Channel off Plymouth. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K., vol. 18, n.º 2, p. 635-640.

SEWELL, R. B. S. 1926. The salps of Indian seas. Rec. Indian Mus., vol. 28, p. 65-126, 43 text-figs.

TERRY, R. M. 1961. Investigation of inner continental shelf waters off lower Chesapeake Bay, part III. The phorozoid stage of the tunicate Doliolum nationalis. Chesapeake, Sci., vol. 2, n.º 1/2, p. 60-64, 3 figs.

THOMPSON, H. 1948. Pelagic tunicates of Australia. Melbourne, Commonw. Coun. Sci. Industr. Res. Australia, 196 p. + 75 p. ilus., 10 text-figs.

TOKIOKA, K. 1960. Studies on the distribution of appendicularians and some thaliaceans of the North Pacific, with some morphological notes. Publs Seto mar. biol. Lab., vol. 8, n.º 2, p. 351-443, 16 text-figs., 32 tabl.

VANNUCCI, M. 1962. Preliminary results on the study of the zooplankton standing stock off south Brazilian coast at 25º Lat. S. Contrções Inst. oceanogr. S Paulo, sér. Ocean, biol., n.º 3, p. 1-28, figs. tabs.

VANNUCCI, M. 1963. On the ecology of Brazilian Medusae at 25º lat. S. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., vol. 13, n.º 1, p. 143-184.

YOUNT, J. L. 1954. The taxonomy of the Salpidae (Tunicata) of the central Pacific Ocean. Pacif. Sci., vol. 8, n.º 3, p. 276-330, 30 text-figs.

(Received in 26/6/1967)

Publ. n.º 248 do I.O. da USP.

  • ALMEIDA PRADO, M. S. de Distribution and annual occurrence of Chaetognatha off Cananéia and Santos coast (São Paulo, Brazil). (Under press).
  • BARY, B. M. 1960. Notes on ecology, distribution and systematics of pelagic tunicates from New Zealand. Pacif. Sci., vol. 14, n.ş 2, p. 101-121.
  • BERNARD, M. 1958. Systématique et distribution saisonnière des tuniciers pélagiques d'Alger. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Commn int. Explor. scient. Mer Méditerr., n.s., vol. 14, p. 211-231, 15 text-figs.
  • BERRILL, N. J. 1950. The Tunicata with an account of the British species. London, Ray Soc., p. 268-322, text-figs. 97-120.
  • BJÖRNBERG, T. K. S. 1963. On the marine free-living copepods off Brazil. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., vol. 13, n.ş 1, p. 3-142, 51 figs.
  • BORGERT, A. H. C. 1894. Die Thaliacea der Plankton-Expedition. C. Vertheilung der Doliolen. Ergebn. Plankton-Exped. Humboldt-Stift., vol. 2, E a c, 68 p. est. 5-8.
  • BRACONNOT, J. C. 1963. Étude du cycle annuel des salpes et dolióles en rade de Villefranche-sur-Mer. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, vol. 28, n.ş 1, p. 21-36, 6 text-figs.
  • EMÍLSSON , I. 1961. The shelf and coastal waters off southern Brazil. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., vol. 11, n.ş 2, p. 101-112, 3 text-figs.
  • FORNERIS, L. 1965. Appendicularian species groups and southern Brazil water masses. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., vol 14, fasc, único, p. 53-114.
  • FRASER, J. H. 1947a. Thaliacea I. Family Salpidae. Fich. Ident. Zooplancton, n.ş 9, 4 p.
  • FRASER, J. H. 1947b. Thaliacea II. Family Doliolidae. Fich. Ident. Zooplancton, n.ş 10, 4 p.
  • FRASER, J. H. 1955. The plankton of the waters approaching the British Isles in 1953. Mar. Res., n.ş 1, 12 p.
  • FRASER, J. H. 1961. The oceanic and bathypelagic plankton of the North East Atlantic. Mar. Res., n.ş 4, 48 p.
  • FURNESTIN, M. L. 1960. Zooplancton du Golfe du Lion et de la côte orientale de Corse. Revue Trav. Inst. Pêch. marit., vol. 24, n.ş 2, p. 153-252.
  • GARSTANG, W. 1933. Report on the Tunicata. Part. I. Doliolida. Nat. Hist. Rep. Br. Antarct. Terra Nova Exped., Zool., vol. 4, n.ş 6, p. 195-251, 8 text-figs.
  • GODEAUX, J. 1957. Contribution à la connaissance des thaliacés (Pyrosome et Doliolum). Annls Soc. r. zool. Belg., vol. 88, p. 1-285, 103 text-figs.
  • GODEAUX, J. 1961. L'oozoide de Doliolum nationalis Borgert. Bull. Soc. r. Sci. Liége, vol. 30, n.ş 1/2, p. 5-10.
  • GODEAUX, J. 1962. Tuniciers pélagiques. Expéd. océanogr. belge Eaux afr. Atlant, sud, vol. 3, n.ş 7, 32 p. map 1, 5 text-figs.
  • KRUGER, H. 1939. Die Thaliaceen der 'Meteor'-Expedition. Wiss. Ergebn. dt. Exped. 'Meteor' 1925-27, vol. 13, n.ş 2, p. 111-152.
  • METCALF, M. M. 1918. The Salpidae, a taxonomic study. Bull. U. S. natn. Mus., 100, vol. 2, part 2, 193 p., 150 text-figs., 14 est.
  • RUSSELL, F. S. & HASTINGS, A. B. 1933. On the occurrence of pelagic tunicates (Thaliacea) in the waters of the English Channel off Plymouth. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K., vol. 18, n.ş 2, p. 635-640.
  • SEWELL, R. B. S. 1926. The salps of Indian seas. Rec. Indian Mus., vol. 28, p. 65-126, 43 text-figs.
  • TERRY, R. M. 1961. Investigation of inner continental shelf waters off lower Chesapeake Bay, part III. The phorozoid stage of the tunicate Doliolum nationalis. Chesapeake, Sci., vol. 2, n.ş 1/2, p. 60-64, 3 figs.
  • THOMPSON, H. 1948. Pelagic tunicates of Australia. Melbourne, Commonw. Coun. Sci. Industr. Res. Australia, 196 p. + 75 p. ilus., 10 text-figs.
  • VANNUCCI, M. 1962. Preliminary results on the study of the zooplankton standing stock off south Brazilian coast at 25ş Lat. S. Contrções Inst. oceanogr. S Paulo, sér. Ocean, biol., n.ş 3, p. 1-28, figs. tabs.
  • VANNUCCI, M. 1963. On the ecology of Brazilian Medusae at 25ş lat. S. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., vol. 13, n.ş 1, p. 143-184.
  • YOUNT, J. L. 1954. The taxonomy of the Salpidae (Tunicata) of the central Pacific Ocean. Pacif. Sci., vol. 8, n.ş 3, p. 276-330, 30 text-figs.
  • *
    This research was partially supported by "Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo".
  • Publication Dates

    • Publication in this collection
      14 June 2012
    • Date of issue
      1967

    History

    • Received
      26 June 1967
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