On the dentition of the sand shark, Odontaspis taurus, from the vicinity of Cananéia, Brazil

Sadowsky, Victor

doi:10.1590/S0373-55241969000100005

Abstracts

Variation in the tooth distribution pattern and number of teeth is described from 528 jaws of the mangona or sand shark, Odontaspis taurus, from the vicinity of Cananéia, Brazil. On the basis of dental characteristics, this series gives no support to the recognition of more than one species of the shallow-water inhabiting sharks known variously over the world as sand sharks, mangonas, sardas, squalos toros, or grey nurse sharks. Counts of the teeth of 12 females and the two embryos contained in each of them show a considerable variation within each family group.

Examinei 528 dentaduras de mangonas, provenientes da região de Cananéia. A fórmula dental é de 33-54/30-44; a média de 40.3± 2.41/37.2± 2.34. 15 combinações dos dentes intermediários na maxila são de 0 até 4 de cada lado, em percentagens: 1.5% (0/0, 0/1, 1/0); 60.2% (1/1); 22.9% (1/2, 2/1, 2/0); 9.7% (2/2); 5.7% (1/3, 3/1, 2/3, 3/2, 3/3, 4/1, 2/4). Anomalias em número e forma dos dentículos basais foram observadas em 7% do número total das dentaduras. Os cardumes são sempre compostos por espécimens de fórmula dentária variada. A variabilidade dos caracteres dentais é considerada como hereditária. A comparação das dentições de mangonas de várias regiões, baseada nos dados existentes na literatura especializada, resultou na conclusão de que não se justifica a separação de uma forma distinta do Odontaspis taurus no SW Atlântico.

On the dentition of the sand shark, Odontaspis taurus, from the vicinity of Cananéia, Brazil

Victor Sadowsky

Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo

SYNOPSIS

Variation in the tooth distribution pattern and number of teeth is described from 528 jaws of the mangona or sand shark, Odontaspis taurus, from the vicinity of Cananéia, Brazil. On the basis of dental characteristics, this series gives no support to the recognition of more than one species of the shallow-water inhabiting sharks known variously over the world as sand sharks, mangonas, sardas, squalos toros, or grey nurse sharks. Counts of the teeth of 12 females and the two embryos contained in each of them show a considerable variation within each family group.

RESUMO

Examinei 528 dentaduras de mangonas, provenientes da região de Cananéia. A fórmula dental é de 33-54/30-44; a média de 40.3± 2.41/37.2± 2.34. 15 combinações dos dentes intermediários na maxila são de 0 até 4 de cada lado, em percentagens: 1.5% (0/0, 0/1, 1/0); 60.2% (1/1); 22.9% (1/2, 2/1, 2/0); 9.7% (2/2); 5.7% (1/3, 3/1, 2/3, 3/2, 3/3, 4/1, 2/4).

Anomalias em número e forma dos dentículos basais foram observadas em 7% do número total das dentaduras.

Os cardumes são sempre compostos por espécimens de fórmula dentária variada. A variabilidade dos caracteres dentais é considerada como hereditária.

A comparação das dentições de mangonas de várias regiões, baseada nos dados existentes na literatura especializada, resultou na conclusão de que não se justifica a separação de uma forma distinta do Odontaspis taurus no SW Atlântico.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My thanks are due to Mrs. Eveline Marcus for the translation of the manuscript, to Dr, Stewart Springer, Bur. of Comm. Fish. Ichlyological Laboratory U.S . Nat. Mus. Washington, who read the manuscript and offered valuable criticisms, to Drs. Elvira Siccardi. University of Buenos Aires, and Jeanette d'Aubrey, Oceanographic Research Institute Durbam for the data furnished, to Mr. Noel Kemp, University of Melbourne, Australia, for a good photograph of the teeth of O. arenarius, and to Mr. Kenato Herz, Oceanographic Institute S. Paulo, for the photographs.

REFERENCES

APPLEGATE, S. 1965. Tooth terminology and variation in sharks with special reference to the sand shark, Carcharias taurus Rafinesque. Contr. Sci. Los Angeles Co. Mus., vol. 86, p. 3-18.

BARNARD, K. 1925. A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. 21, part 1, p. 1-60.

BERG, C. 1895. Enumeracion sistemática y sinonimica de los peces de las costas Argentina y Uruguaya. An. Mus. nac. Hist. nat. B. Aires, vol, 4, p. 1-120.

BIGELOW, H. & SCHOEDER, W. 1948. Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Mem. Sears Fdn mar. Res., vol, 1, n.º 1, p. 59-576.

BIGELOW, H. & SCHOEDER, W. 1953. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U.S., vol. 74, n.º 53. p. 1-577.

CADENAT, J. 1956. Note d'ichtyologie ouest-africaine. XIV. Remarques biologiques sur le requin-saule Carcharias (Odontaspis) taurus Rafinesque 1810, Bull. Inst. fr. Afr. noire, vol. 18, Ser. A, n.º 4, p. 1249-1256.

CADENAT, J. 1963. Notes d'ichtyologie ouest-africaine. XXXIX. Notes sur les requins de la famille des Carchariidae et formes apparentes de l'Atlantique ouest-africain (avec la description d'une espèce nouvelle: Pseudocarcharias pelagicus, classée dans un sous-genre nouveau). Bull. Inst. fr. Afr. noire, vol. 25, Ser. A, n.º 2, p. 526-537.

CHEN, J. 1963. A review of the sharks of Taiwan. Biol, Bull. Coll. Sci. Tunghai Univ., Ichthyol. Ser., n.º 1, p. 1-102.

D'AUBREY, J. 1964. Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. Invest. Rep. oceanogr. Res. Inst., vol. 8, p. 1-95.

FOWLER, H. 1936. The marine fishes of West Africa. Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist., vol. 70, part 1, p. 1-605.

GARMAN, S. 1913. The Plagiostomia (sharks, skates and rays). Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv., vol, 36, p. 1-528.

GILTAY, L. 1933. Résultats scientifiques du voyage aux Indes Orientales Néerlandaises de LL.AA.RR. le Pr. et la Princ. Leopold de Belgique. Mém. Mus. r. Hist, nat. Belg., Ser. 5, n.º 3. p. 1-129.

INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1965. Bull. zool. Nom., vol, 22, n.º 1, p. 32-36.

JORDAN, D. & EVERMANN, B. 1896. The fishes of North and Middle America. Bull. U.S . natn. Mus., vol. 47, n.º 1, p. 1-1240.

LAHILLE, F. 1928. Nota sobre unos peces Elasmobranquios. An. Mus. nac. Hist. Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia", vol. 34, n.º 12, p. 229-239.

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RIBEIRO, A. M . 1923. Fauna Brasiliense - Peixes. Reed, of Archos Mus. nac. Rio de J., vol. 2, n.º 1, p. 1-50b.

SADOWSKY, V. 1967. Selachier aus dem Litoral von Säo Paulo, Brasilien. Beitr. neotrop. Fauna, vol. 5, n.º 2, p. 71-88.

SOLJAN. T. 1963. Fishes of the Adriatic. Translated by M. Hayer. Belgrade, Nov. Ed., 428 p. (Edição original editada em 1948).

SPRINGER, S. 1938. Notes on the sharks of Florida. Proc. Fla Acad. Sci., vol. 3, p. 9-41.

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TORTONESE, E. 1939. Resultati ittiologici del viaggio di circumnavigazione del globo dela R. N. Magenta (1865-68). Boll. Musei Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 47, n.º 3, p. 1-66.

WHITLEY, G. 1950. Studies in ichthyology. 14. Rec. Aust. Mus., vol. 22, n.º 3, p. 234-245.

ZANEVELD, J. 1961. The fishery resources and the fishery industries of the Netherlands Antilles. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst., Fourteenth ann. Session, p. 137-171.

(Received in 8/5/1969)

Publ. n.º 291 do Inst. Ocean. da USP.

APPLEGATE, S. 1965. Tooth terminology and variation in sharks with special reference to the sand shark, Carcharias taurus Rafinesque. Contr. Sci. Los Angeles Co. Mus., vol. 86, p. 3-18.
BARNARD, K. 1925. A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. 21, part 1, p. 1-60.
BERG, C. 1895. Enumeracion sistemática y sinonimica de los peces de las costas Argentina y Uruguaya. An. Mus. nac. Hist. nat. B. Aires, vol, 4, p. 1-120.
BIGELOW, H. & SCHOEDER, W. 1948. Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Mem. Sears Fdn mar. Res., vol, 1, n.ş 1, p. 59-576.
BIGELOW, H. & SCHOEDER, W. 1953. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U.S., vol. 74, n.ş 53. p. 1-577.
CADENAT, J. 1956. Note d'ichtyologie ouest-africaine. XIV. Remarques biologiques sur le requin-saule Carcharias (Odontaspis) taurus Rafinesque 1810, Bull. Inst. fr. Afr. noire, vol. 18, Ser. A, n.ş 4, p. 1249-1256.
CADENAT, J. 1963. Notes d'ichtyologie ouest-africaine. XXXIX. Notes sur les requins de la famille des Carchariidae et formes apparentes de l'Atlantique ouest-africain (avec la description d'une espèce nouvelle: Pseudocarcharias pelagicus, classée dans un sous-genre nouveau). Bull. Inst. fr. Afr. noire, vol. 25, Ser. A, n.ş 2, p. 526-537.
CHEN, J. 1963. A review of the sharks of Taiwan. Biol, Bull. Coll. Sci. Tunghai Univ., Ichthyol. Ser., n.ş 1, p. 1-102.
D'AUBREY, J. 1964. Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. Invest. Rep. oceanogr. Res. Inst., vol. 8, p. 1-95.
FOWLER, H. 1936. The marine fishes of West Africa. Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist., vol. 70, part 1, p. 1-605.
GARMAN, S. 1913. The Plagiostomia (sharks, skates and rays). Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv., vol, 36, p. 1-528.
GILTAY, L. 1933. Résultats scientifiques du voyage aux Indes Orientales Néerlandaises de LL.AA.RR. le Pr. et la Princ. Leopold de Belgique. Mém. Mus. r. Hist, nat. Belg., Ser. 5, n.ş 3. p. 1-129.
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1965. Bull. zool. Nom., vol, 22, n.ş 1, p. 32-36.
JORDAN, D. & EVERMANN, B. 1896. The fishes of North and Middle America. Bull. U.S . natn. Mus., vol. 47, n.ş 1, p. 1-1240.
LAHILLE, F. 1928. Nota sobre unos peces Elasmobranquios. An. Mus. nac. Hist. Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia", vol. 34, n.ş 12, p. 229-239.
MOLLER, J. & HENLE, J. 1841. Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Berlin, Verlag Veit und Comp., 204 p., 60 plates.
RIBEIRO, A. M . 1923. Fauna Brasiliense - Peixes. Reed, of Archos Mus. nac. Rio de J., vol. 2, n.ş 1, p. 1-50b.
SADOWSKY, V. 1967. Selachier aus dem Litoral von Säo Paulo, Brasilien. Beitr. neotrop. Fauna, vol. 5, n.ş 2, p. 71-88.
SOLJAN. T. 1963. Fishes of the Adriatic. Translated by M. Hayer. Belgrade, Nov. Ed., 428 p. (Edição original editada em 1948).
SPRINGER, S. 1938. Notes on the sharks of Florida. Proc. Fla Acad. Sci., vol. 3, p. 9-41.
SPRINGER, S. 1950. An outline for a Trinidad shark fishery. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst., Second ann. Session, p. 17-26.
WHITLEY, G. 1950. Studies in ichthyology. 14. Rec. Aust. Mus., vol. 22, n.ş 3, p. 234-245.
ZANEVELD, J. 1961. The fishery resources and the fishery industries of the Netherlands Antilles. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst., Fourteenth ann. Session, p. 137-171.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
13 June 2012
Date of issue
1969

History

Received
08 May 1969

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] APPLEGATE, S. 1965. Tooth terminology and variation in sharks with special reference to the sand shark, Carcharias taurus Rafinesque. Contr. Sci. Los Angeles Co. Mus., vol. 86, p. 3-18.

[2] BARNARD, K. 1925. A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. 21, part 1, p. 1-60.

[3] BERG, C. 1895. Enumeracion sistemática y sinonimica de los peces de las costas Argentina y Uruguaya. An. Mus. nac. Hist. nat. B. Aires, vol, 4, p. 1-120.

[4] BIGELOW, H. & SCHOEDER, W. 1948. Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Mem. Sears Fdn mar. Res., vol, 1, n.ş 1, p. 59-576.

[5] BIGELOW, H. & SCHOEDER, W. 1953. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U.S., vol. 74, n.ş 53. p. 1-577.

[6] CADENAT, J. 1956. Note d'ichtyologie ouest-africaine. XIV. Remarques biologiques sur le requin-saule Carcharias (Odontaspis) taurus Rafinesque 1810, Bull. Inst. fr. Afr. noire, vol. 18, Ser. A, n.ş 4, p. 1249-1256.

[7] CADENAT, J. 1963. Notes d'ichtyologie ouest-africaine. XXXIX. Notes sur les requins de la famille des Carchariidae et formes apparentes de l'Atlantique ouest-africain (avec la description d'une espèce nouvelle: Pseudocarcharias pelagicus, classée dans un sous-genre nouveau). Bull. Inst. fr. Afr. noire, vol. 25, Ser. A, n.ş 2, p. 526-537.

[8] CHEN, J. 1963. A review of the sharks of Taiwan. Biol, Bull. Coll. Sci. Tunghai Univ., Ichthyol. Ser., n.ş 1, p. 1-102.

[9] D'AUBREY, J. 1964. Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. Invest. Rep. oceanogr. Res. Inst., vol. 8, p. 1-95.

[10] FOWLER, H. 1936. The marine fishes of West Africa. Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist., vol. 70, part 1, p. 1-605.

[11] GARMAN, S. 1913. The Plagiostomia (sharks, skates and rays). Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv., vol, 36, p. 1-528.

[12] GILTAY, L. 1933. Résultats scientifiques du voyage aux Indes Orientales Néerlandaises de LL.AA.RR. le Pr. et la Princ. Leopold de Belgique. Mém. Mus. r. Hist, nat. Belg., Ser. 5, n.ş 3. p. 1-129.

[13] INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1965. Bull. zool. Nom., vol, 22, n.ş 1, p. 32-36.

[14] JORDAN, D. & EVERMANN, B. 1896. The fishes of North and Middle America. Bull. U.S . natn. Mus., vol. 47, n.ş 1, p. 1-1240.

[15] LAHILLE, F. 1928. Nota sobre unos peces Elasmobranquios. An. Mus. nac. Hist. Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia", vol. 34, n.ş 12, p. 229-239.

[16] MOLLER, J. & HENLE, J. 1841. Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Berlin, Verlag Veit und Comp., 204 p., 60 plates.

[17] RIBEIRO, A. M . 1923. Fauna Brasiliense - Peixes. Reed, of Archos Mus. nac. Rio de J., vol. 2, n.ş 1, p. 1-50b.

[18] SADOWSKY, V. 1967. Selachier aus dem Litoral von Säo Paulo, Brasilien. Beitr. neotrop. Fauna, vol. 5, n.ş 2, p. 71-88.

[19] SOLJAN. T. 1963. Fishes of the Adriatic. Translated by M. Hayer. Belgrade, Nov. Ed., 428 p. (Edição original editada em 1948).

[20] SPRINGER, S. 1938. Notes on the sharks of Florida. Proc. Fla Acad. Sci., vol. 3, p. 9-41.

[21] SPRINGER, S. 1950. An outline for a Trinidad shark fishery. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst., Second ann. Session, p. 17-26.

[23] WHITLEY, G. 1950. Studies in ichthyology. 14. Rec. Aust. Mus., vol. 22, n.ş 3, p. 234-245.

[24] ZANEVELD, J. 1961. The fishery resources and the fishery industries of the Netherlands Antilles. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst., Fourteenth ann. Session, p. 137-171.