Excreção de materia orgânica dissolvida por populações fitoplanctônicas da costa leste e sudeste do Brasil

Vieira, Armando A. Henriques; Teixeira, Clóvis

doi:10.1590/S0373-55241981000100003

Resumos

Foram feitas medidas de produtividade e excreção de MOD em populações naturais da superfície de águas costeiras e oceânicas, entre Barreira Vermelha (BA) e Cabo de Santa Marta Grande (SC). Os valores relativos de excreção variaram entre 2 e 30% do total assimilado no frasco transparente. Os valores relativos de excreção aumentam em direção as zonas pelágicas, porem, em números absolutos, a excreção acompanha a produtividade. Os altos valores relativos encontrados em zonas oceânicas seriam relativamente baixos, e ate nulos em algumas estações, se a excreção no frasco preto fosse des contada do frasco transparente. Baseando-se na produtividade das estações, estas foram classificadas em tipos, sendo, então, determinado o valor médio de excreção de cada tipo. As estações oceânicas classificadas nos tipos I e II apresentaram um valor médio de excreção relativa de 20,2 e 17,8%, respectivamente. As estações costeiras situadas em areas densamente eutrofiçadas, tipos VI e VII, apresentaram um valor médio de excreção relativa de 4,6 e 3,1%, respectivamente. Os tipos III, IV e V, representando estações intermediarias, tem valores de 11,3, 7,3 e 8%, respectivamente.

Measurements of primary productivity and excretion of DOM in natural phytoplankton populations were carried out in surface waters from Lat. 17º14'S -Long. 039º13'W to Lat. 28º36'S -Long. 048º49'W. The relative rates of excretion varied between two and thirty percent from the total assimilated in the transparent bottle. In relative terms the excretion increased towards the pelagic zones, but in absolute results it followed the production values. Based on the predominat water masses and on the excretion values a classification of the stations under study is suggested.

ARTIGOS

Excreção de materia orgânica dissolvida por populações fitoplanctônicas da costa leste e sudeste do Brasil^* * Trabalho efetuado com apoio financeiro da Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos - FINEP.

Excretion of dissolved organic matter by phytoplanktonic populations of the eastern and southeastern Brazilian coast

Armando A. Henriques Vieira^I; Clóvis Teixeira^II

^IDepartamento de Ciencias Biológicas da Universidade Federal de São Carlos

^IIInstituto Oceanógrafico da Universidade de São Paulo

RESUMO

Foram feitas medidas de produtividade e excreção de MOD em populações naturais da superfície de águas costeiras e oceânicas, entre Barreira Vermelha (BA) e Cabo de Santa Marta Grande (SC). Os valores relativos de excreção variaram entre 2 e 30% do total assimilado no frasco transparente. Os valores relativos de excreção aumentam em direção as zonas pelágicas, porem, em números absolutos, a excreção acompanha a produtividade. Os altos valores relativos encontrados em zonas oceânicas seriam relativamente baixos, e ate nulos em algumas estações, se a excreção no frasco preto fosse des contada do frasco transparente. Baseando-se na produtividade das estações, estas foram classificadas em tipos, sendo, então, determinado o valor médio de excreção de cada tipo.

As estações oceânicas classificadas nos tipos I e II apresentaram um valor médio de excreção relativa de 20,2 e 17,8%, respectivamente. As estações costeiras situadas em areas densamente eutrofiçadas, tipos VI e VII, apresentaram um valor médio de excreção relativa de 4,6 e 3,1%, respectivamente.

Os tipos III, IV e V, representando estações intermediarias, tem valores de 11,3, 7,3 e 8%, respectivamente.

SYNOPSIS

Measurements of primary productivity and excretion of DOM in natural phytoplankton populations were carried out in surface waters from Lat. 17º14'S -Long. 039º13'W to Lat. 28º36'S -Long. 048º49'W. The relative rates of excretion varied between two and thirty percent from the total assimilated in the transparent bottle. In relative terms the excretion increased towards the pelagic zones, but in absolute results it followed the production values. Based on the predominat water masses and on the excretion values a classification of the stations under study is suggested.

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Referências bibliográficas

AIDAR-ARAGÃO, E.; TEIXEIRAL C. & VIEIRA, A. A, H. 1980. Produção primaria e concentração de clorofila-a na costa brasileira (Lat. 22º31'S - Long. 41º52'W a Lat. 28º43'S - Long. 47º57'W). Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 29(2): (No prelo).

AL-HASAN, R. H. & COUGHLAN, S. J. 1976. A method for the determination of glycollic acid in the extracellular products of cultured and natural phytoplankton populations. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 25:141-149.

______; PANT, A. & FOGG, G. E. 1975. Seasonal variations in phytoplankton and glycollate concentrations in the Menai Straits, Anglesey. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 55:557-566.

ANDERSON. G. C. & ZEUTSCHEL, R. P. 1970. Release of dissolved organic matter by marine phytoplankton in coastal and off shore areas of the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 15: 402-407.

ANDREWS, P. & WILLIAMS, P. J. de B. 1971. Heterotrophic utilization of dis solved organic compounds in the sea. III. Measurement of the oxidation rates and concentrations of glucose and amino acids in sea water. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 51:111-125.

ANTIA, N. J.; BERLAND, B. R.; BONIN, D. J. & MAESTRINI, S. Y. 1975. Comparative evaluation of certain organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen for phototrophic growth of marine microalgae. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 55:519-539.

ARTHUR, C. R. & RIGLER, F. H. 1967. A ¹⁴C possible source of error in the method of measuring primary produc tivity. Limnol. Oceanogr., 12:121-124.

BARBER, R. T. & RYTHER, J. H. 1969. Organic chelators: factors affecting primary production in the Cromwell Current upwelling. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 3:191-199.

BERMAN, R. & HOLM-HANSEN, O. 1974. Release of photoassimilated carbon as dissolved organic matter by marine phytoplankton. Mar. Biol., 28:305-310.

BRAY, G. A. 1960. A simple efficient liquid scintillator for counting aqueous solutions in liquid scintil lation. Anal. Biochem., 1:279-285.

BUL'YON, V. V. 1976. Phytoplankton production measurement using¹⁴C with allowance for losses of labeled organic matter during filtering. Oceanology, Acad. Sci. URSS., 15:347-350.

CHOI, I. C. 1972. Primary production and release of dissolved organic carbon from phytoplankton in the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Deep Sea Res., 19:731-735.

COUGHLAN, S. J. 1977. Comparative studies of glycollic acid uptake by four marine algae. Br. phycol. J., 12:55-62.

CRAWFORD, C. C; HOBBIE, J. E. & WEBB, K. L. 1974. The utilization of dissolved free amino acids by estuarine microorganisms. Ecology, 55: 551-563.

DUURSMA, E. K. 1961. Dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in the sea. Neth. J. Sea Res., 1:1-148.

EPPLEY, R. W. & SLOAN, P. R. 1965. Carbon balance experiments with marine phytoplankton. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 22:1083-1097.

FOGG, G. E. 1966. The extracellular products of algae. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol., Ann. Rev., 4:195-212.

______ 1975. Biochemical pathways in unicellular plants. In: Copper, J. P. - Photosynthesis and productivity in different environments. Cambridge, University Press, p. 437-457.

______; NALEWAJKO, C & WATT, W. D. 1965. Extracellular products of phytoplankton photosynthesis. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Série B., 162:517-534.

GUILLARD, R. R. L. & WANGERSKY, P.J. 1958. The production of extracellular carbohydrates by some marine flagel lates. Limnol. Oceanogr., 3:449-454.

HELLEBUST, J. A. 1965. Excretion of some organic compounds by marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr., 10:192-206.

HELLEBUST, J. A. 1967. Excretion of organic compounds by cultured and natural populations of marine phytoplankton. In: Lauff, G. H., ed. - Estuaries. Washington, Am. Ass. Advanc. Sci., p. 361-366.

______ 1974. Extracellular products. In: Stewart, W.D. P., ed. - Algal physiology and biochemistry. Oxford, Blackwell, p. 838-863.

HERBLAND, A. & DANDONNEAU, Y. 1975. Excretion organique du phytoplancton et activité bactérienne hétérotrophe dans le Dome de Guinée (Ocean Atlantique Tropical est) Doc. scient., Centre Rech. oceanogr., Abidjan, 6: 1-18.

HOLM-HANSEN, O.; STRICKLAND, J. D. H. & WILLIAMS, P. M. 1966. A detailed analysis of biologically important substances in a profile off Southern California. Limnol. Oceanogr., 11: 548-561.

IGNATIADES, L. & FOGG, G. E. 1973. Studies on the factors affecting the release of organic matter by Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve in culture. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 53:937-956.

KETCHUM, B. H. & CORWIN, N. 1965. The cycle of phosphorus in a plankton bloom in the Gulf of Maine. Limnol. Oceanogr., (Suppl. 10) : R 148.

KROGH, A. 1934a. Conditions of life in the ocean. Ecol. Monogr., 4:421-429.

______ 1934b. Conditions of life at great depths in the ocean. Ecol. Monogr., 4:430-439.

LEWIN, J. & HELLEBUST, J. A. 1976. Heterotrophic nutrition of marine pennat diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformes. Can. J. Microbiol., 16:1123-1129.

_____ 1978. Utilization of glutamate and glicose for heterotrophic growth by the marine pennat diatom Nitzschia laevis Mar. Biol., 47:1-7.

MENZEL, D. W. & RYTHER, J. H. 1968. Organic carbon and the oxygen minimum in the South Atlantic Ocean. Deep Sea Res., 5:327-337.

MESQUITA, A. R. de; LEITE, J. B. A. & RIZZO, R. 1979. Contribuição ao estudo das correntes marinhas na plataforma entre Cabo Frio e Cananéia. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 28(2): 95-100.

MYKLESTAD, S. 1977. Production of carbohydrates by marine planktonic diatoms. II. Influence of the N/P ratio in the growth medium on the assimilation ratio, growth rate and production of cellular and extracellular carbohydrates by Chaetoceros affins var. Willei (Gran) Hustedt and Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 29:161-179.

PARSONS, T. R. & STRICKLAND, J. D. H. 1963. Discussion of spectrophotometry determinations of marineplant pigments, with revised equations for certaining chlorophyls and carotenoids. J. mar. Res., 2:115-163.

PROVASOLI, L. 1963. Organic regulation of phytoplankton fertility. In: Hill, M. N., ed. - The sea. New York, Interscience Publishers, v.2, p.165-219.

______; MCLAUGHLIN, J. J. A. &; DROOP, M. R. 1957. The development of artificial media for marine algae. Arch. Mikrobiol., 25:392-428.

RICHARDS, F. A. & THOMPSON, T. G. 1952. The estimation and characterization of plankton populations by pigment analysis. II. A spectrophotometric method for the estimation of plankton pigments. J. mar. Res., 11:156-172.

SAUNDERS, G. W. 1957. Interrelations of dissolved organic matter and phytoplankton. Bot. Rev., 23:389-409.

SELNER, K. G.; ZINGMARK, R. G. & MILLER, T. G. 1976. Interpretations of ¹⁴C method of measuring the total annual production of phytoplankton in a South Caroline estuary. Bot. mar., 19:119-125.

SHAH, N. M. & WRIGHT, R. T. 1974. The occurrence of glycollic acid in a coastal sea water. Mar. Biol., 24: 121-124.

SHARP, J. H. 1977 . Excretion of organic matter by marine phytoplankton: do healthy cells do it? Limnol. Oceanogr., 22:381-399.

SILVA, P. C. M. 1968. 0 fenômeno da ressurgência na costa meridional bra sileira. Publção Inst. Pesq. Marinha, Rio de J., (024):31p.

SKOPINTSEV, B. A. 1971. Recent advances in the study of organic matter in oceans0 Oceanology, Acad. Sci. URSS, 11:775-789.

SMITH, W. O. 1974. The extracellular release of glycollic acid by a marine diatom. J. Phycol., 10:30-33.

______; BARBER, R. T. & HUNTSMAN, S. A. 1977. Primary production of the coast of northwest Africa: excretion of dissolved organic matter and its heterotrophic uptake. Deep Sea Res., 24:35-47.

STEEMANN-NIELSEN, E. 1975. Marine photosynthesis. Amsterdan, Elsevier, 141p.

THOMAS, J. P. 1971. Release of dis solved organic matter from natural populations of marine phytoplankton. Mar. Biol., 11:311-323.

TOLBERT, N. E. 1974. Photorespiration. In: Stewart, W. D. P., ed. - Algal physiology and biochemistry. Oxford, Blackwell, p. 474-504.

VIEIRA, A. A. H. & AIDAR-ARAGÃO, E. Alguns aspectos sobre a metodologia de cintilação liquida aplicada ao estudo da excreção de matéria orgânica dissolvida pelo fitoplâncton. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo. (No prelo).

WANGERSKY, P. J. 1978. Production of dissolved organic matter. In: Kinne, O., ed. - Marine ecology. Chichester, John Willey, vol. 4, p. 115-220.

WATT, W. D. 1966. Release of dissolved organic material from the cells of phytoplankton populations. Proc. Roy.Soc. Lond., Serie B, 164(997): 521-551.

WHEELER, P. A.; NORTH, B. B. & STEPHENS, G. C. 1974. Amino acid uptake by marine phytoplankters. Limnol. Oceanogr., 19:249-259.

WILLIAMS, P. J. le B. 1975. Biological and chemical aspects of dissolved organic material in sea water. In: Riley, J. P. & Skirrow, G., ed. - Chemical oceanography. 2º ed. London, Academic Press, vol. 2, p.301-363.

WILLIAMS, P. J. le B.; BERMAN, T. & HOLM-HANSEN, O. 1972. Potencial sources of error in the measurement of low rates of planktonic photosynthesis and excretion. Nature, New Biol., 236:91-93.

______ & YENTSCH, C. S. 1976. An examination of photosynthetic production, excretion of photosynthetic products and heterotrophic utilization of dissolved organic compounds with reference to results from coastal subtropical sea. Mar. Biol., 35:31-40.

(Recebîdo em 31/outubro/1980)

AIDAR-ARAGÃO, E.; TEIXEIRAL C. & VIEIRA, A. A, H. 1980. Produção primaria e concentração de clorofila-a na costa brasileira (Lat. 22ş31'S - Long. 41ş52'W a Lat. 28ş43'S - Long. 47ş57'W). Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 29(2): (No prelo).
AL-HASAN, R. H. & COUGHLAN, S. J. 1976. A method for the determination of glycollic acid in the extracellular products of cultured and natural phytoplankton populations. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 25:141-149.
______; PANT, A. & FOGG, G. E. 1975. Seasonal variations in phytoplankton and glycollate concentrations in the Menai Straits, Anglesey. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 55:557-566.
ANDERSON. G. C. & ZEUTSCHEL, R. P. 1970. Release of dissolved organic matter by marine phytoplankton in coastal and off shore areas of the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 15: 402-407.
ANDREWS, P. & WILLIAMS, P. J. de B. 1971. Heterotrophic utilization of dis solved organic compounds in the sea. III. Measurement of the oxidation rates and concentrations of glucose and amino acids in sea water. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 51:111-125.
ANTIA, N. J.; BERLAND, B. R.; BONIN, D. J. & MAESTRINI, S. Y. 1975. Comparative evaluation of certain organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen for phototrophic growth of marine microalgae. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 55:519-539.
ARTHUR, C. R. & RIGLER, F. H. 1967. A ¹⁴C possible source of error in the method of measuring primary produc tivity. Limnol. Oceanogr., 12:121-124.
BARBER, R. T. & RYTHER, J. H. 1969. Organic chelators: factors affecting primary production in the Cromwell Current upwelling. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 3:191-199.
BERMAN, R. & HOLM-HANSEN, O. 1974. Release of photoassimilated carbon as dissolved organic matter by marine phytoplankton. Mar. Biol., 28:305-310.
BRAY, G. A. 1960. A simple efficient liquid scintillator for counting aqueous solutions in liquid scintil lation. Anal. Biochem., 1:279-285.
BUL'YON, V. V. 1976. Phytoplankton production measurement using¹⁴C with allowance for losses of labeled organic matter during filtering. Oceanology, Acad. Sci. URSS., 15:347-350.
CHOI, I. C. 1972. Primary production and release of dissolved organic carbon from phytoplankton in the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Deep Sea Res., 19:731-735.
COUGHLAN, S. J. 1977. Comparative studies of glycollic acid uptake by four marine algae. Br. phycol. J., 12:55-62.
CRAWFORD, C. C; HOBBIE, J. E. & WEBB, K. L. 1974. The utilization of dissolved free amino acids by estuarine microorganisms. Ecology, 55: 551-563.
DUURSMA, E. K. 1961. Dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in the sea. Neth. J. Sea Res., 1:1-148.
EPPLEY, R. W. & SLOAN, P. R. 1965. Carbon balance experiments with marine phytoplankton. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 22:1083-1097.
FOGG, G. E. 1966. The extracellular products of algae. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol., Ann. Rev., 4:195-212.
______ 1975. Biochemical pathways in unicellular plants. In: Copper, J. P. - Photosynthesis and productivity in different environments. Cambridge, University Press, p. 437-457.
______; NALEWAJKO, C & WATT, W. D. 1965. Extracellular products of phytoplankton photosynthesis.
Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Série B., 162:517-534.
GUILLARD, R. R. L. & WANGERSKY, P.J. 1958. The production of extracellular carbohydrates by some marine flagel lates. Limnol. Oceanogr., 3:449-454.
HELLEBUST, J. A. 1965. Excretion of some organic compounds by marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr., 10:192-206.
HELLEBUST, J. A. 1967. Excretion of organic compounds by cultured and natural populations of marine phytoplankton. In: Lauff, G. H., ed. - Estuaries. Washington, Am. Ass. Advanc. Sci., p. 361-366.
______ 1974. Extracellular products. In: Stewart, W.D. P., ed. - Algal physiology and biochemistry. Oxford, Blackwell, p. 838-863.
HERBLAND, A. & DANDONNEAU, Y. 1975. Excretion organique du phytoplancton et activité bactérienne hétérotrophe dans le Dome de Guinée (Ocean Atlantique Tropical est) Doc. scient., Centre Rech. oceanogr., Abidjan, 6: 1-18.
HOLM-HANSEN, O.; STRICKLAND, J. D. H. & WILLIAMS, P. M. 1966. A detailed analysis of biologically important substances in a profile off Southern California. Limnol. Oceanogr., 11: 548-561.
IGNATIADES, L. & FOGG, G. E. 1973. Studies on the factors affecting the release of organic matter by Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve in culture. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 53:937-956.
KETCHUM, B. H. & CORWIN, N. 1965. The cycle of phosphorus in a plankton bloom in the Gulf of Maine. Limnol. Oceanogr., (Suppl. 10) : R 148.
KROGH, A. 1934a Conditions of life in the ocean. Ecol. Monogr., 4:421-429.
______ 1934b Conditions of life at great depths in the ocean. Ecol. Monogr., 4:430-439.
LEWIN, J. & HELLEBUST, J. A. 1976. Heterotrophic nutrition of marine pennat diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformes Can. J. Microbiol., 16:1123-1129.
_____ 1978. Utilization of glutamate and glicose for heterotrophic growth by the marine pennat diatom Nitzschia laevis Mar. Biol., 47:1-7.
MENZEL, D. W. & RYTHER, J. H. 1968. Organic carbon and the oxygen minimum in the South Atlantic Ocean. Deep Sea Res., 5:327-337.
MESQUITA, A. R. de; LEITE, J. B. A. & RIZZO, R. 1979. Contribuição ao estudo das correntes marinhas na plataforma entre Cabo Frio e Cananéia. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 28(2): 95-100.
MYKLESTAD, S. 1977. Production of carbohydrates by marine planktonic diatoms. II. Influence of the N/P ratio in the growth medium on the assimilation ratio, growth rate and production of cellular and extracellular carbohydrates by Chaetoceros affins var. Willei (Gran) Hustedt and Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 29:161-179.
PARSONS, T. R. & STRICKLAND, J. D. H. 1963. Discussion of spectrophotometry determinations of marineplant pigments, with revised equations for certaining chlorophyls and carotenoids. J. mar. Res., 2:115-163.
PROVASOLI, L. 1963. Organic regulation of phytoplankton fertility. In: Hill, M. N., ed. - The sea. New York, Interscience Publishers, v.2, p.165-219.
______; MCLAUGHLIN, J. J. A. &; DROOP, M. R. 1957. The development of artificial media for marine algae. Arch. Mikrobiol., 25:392-428.
RICHARDS, F. A. & THOMPSON, T. G. 1952. The estimation and characterization of plankton populations by pigment analysis. II. A spectrophotometric method for the estimation of plankton pigments. J. mar. Res., 11:156-172.
SAUNDERS, G. W. 1957. Interrelations of dissolved organic matter and phytoplankton. Bot. Rev., 23:389-409.
SELNER, K. G.; ZINGMARK, R. G. & MILLER, T. G. 1976. Interpretations of ¹⁴C method of measuring the total annual production of phytoplankton in a South Caroline estuary. Bot. mar., 19:119-125.
SHAH, N. M. & WRIGHT, R. T. 1974. The occurrence of glycollic acid in a coastal sea water. Mar. Biol., 24: 121-124.
SHARP, J. H. 1977 . Excretion of organic matter by marine phytoplankton: do healthy cells do it? Limnol. Oceanogr., 22:381-399.
SILVA, P. C. M. 1968. 0 fenômeno da ressurgência na costa meridional bra sileira. Publção Inst. Pesq. Marinha, Rio de J., (024):31p.
SKOPINTSEV, B. A. 1971. Recent advances in the study of organic matter in oceans0 Oceanology, Acad. Sci. URSS, 11:775-789.
SMITH, W. O. 1974. The extracellular release of glycollic acid by a marine diatom. J. Phycol., 10:30-33.
______; BARBER, R. T. & HUNTSMAN, S. A. 1977. Primary production of the coast of northwest Africa: excretion of dissolved organic matter and its heterotrophic uptake. Deep Sea Res., 24:35-47.
STEEMANN-NIELSEN, E. 1975. Marine photosynthesis. Amsterdan, Elsevier, 141p.
THOMAS, J. P. 1971. Release of dis solved organic matter from natural populations of marine phytoplankton. Mar. Biol., 11:311-323.
TOLBERT, N. E. 1974. Photorespiration. In: Stewart, W. D. P., ed. - Algal physiology and biochemistry. Oxford, Blackwell, p. 474-504.
VIEIRA, A. A. H. & AIDAR-ARAGÃO, E. Alguns aspectos sobre a metodologia de cintilação liquida aplicada ao estudo da excreção de matéria orgânica dissolvida pelo fitoplâncton. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo. (No prelo).
WANGERSKY, P. J. 1978. Production of dissolved organic matter. In: Kinne, O., ed. - Marine ecology. Chichester, John Willey, vol. 4, p. 115-220.
WATT, W. D. 1966. Release of dissolved organic material from the cells of phytoplankton populations. Proc. Roy.Soc. Lond., Serie B, 164(997): 521-551.
WHEELER, P. A.; NORTH, B. B. & STEPHENS, G. C. 1974. Amino acid uptake by marine phytoplankters. Limnol. Oceanogr., 19:249-259.
WILLIAMS, P. J. le B. 1975. Biological and chemical aspects of dissolved organic material in sea water. In: Riley, J. P. & Skirrow, G., ed. - Chemical oceanography. 2ş ed. London, Academic Press, vol. 2, p.301-363.
WILLIAMS, P. J. le B.; BERMAN, T. & HOLM-HANSEN, O. 1972. Potencial sources of error in the measurement of low rates of planktonic photosynthesis and excretion. Nature, New Biol., 236:91-93.
______ & YENTSCH, C. S. 1976. An examination of photosynthetic production, excretion of photosynthetic products and heterotrophic utilization of dissolved organic compounds with reference to results from coastal subtropical sea. Mar. Biol., 35:31-40.

*

Trabalho efetuado com apoio financeiro da Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos - FINEP.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
05 Jun 2012
Data do Fascículo
1981

Histórico

Recebido
31 Out 1980

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] AIDAR-ARAGÃO, E.; TEIXEIRAL C. & VIEIRA, A. A, H. 1980. Produção primaria e concentração de clorofila-a na costa brasileira (Lat. 22ş31'S - Long. 41ş52'W a Lat. 28ş43'S - Long. 47ş57'W). Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 29(2): (No prelo).

[2] AL-HASAN, R. H. & COUGHLAN, S. J. 1976. A method for the determination of glycollic acid in the extracellular products of cultured and natural phytoplankton populations. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 25:141-149.

[3] ______; PANT, A. & FOGG, G. E. 1975. Seasonal variations in phytoplankton and glycollate concentrations in the Menai Straits, Anglesey. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 55:557-566.

[4] ANDERSON. G. C. & ZEUTSCHEL, R. P. 1970. Release of dissolved organic matter by marine phytoplankton in coastal and off shore areas of the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 15: 402-407.

[5] ANDREWS, P. & WILLIAMS, P. J. de B. 1971. Heterotrophic utilization of dis solved organic compounds in the sea. III. Measurement of the oxidation rates and concentrations of glucose and amino acids in sea water. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 51:111-125.

[6] ANTIA, N. J.; BERLAND, B. R.; BONIN, D. J. & MAESTRINI, S. Y. 1975. Comparative evaluation of certain organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen for phototrophic growth of marine microalgae. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 55:519-539.

[7] ARTHUR, C. R. & RIGLER, F. H. 1967. A ¹⁴C possible source of error in the method of measuring primary produc tivity. Limnol. Oceanogr., 12:121-124.

[8] BARBER, R. T. & RYTHER, J. H. 1969. Organic chelators: factors affecting primary production in the Cromwell Current upwelling. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 3:191-199.

[9] BERMAN, R. & HOLM-HANSEN, O. 1974. Release of photoassimilated carbon as dissolved organic matter by marine phytoplankton. Mar. Biol., 28:305-310.

[10] BRAY, G. A. 1960. A simple efficient liquid scintillator for counting aqueous solutions in liquid scintil lation. Anal. Biochem., 1:279-285.

[11] BUL'YON, V. V. 1976. Phytoplankton production measurement using¹⁴C with allowance for losses of labeled organic matter during filtering. Oceanology, Acad. Sci. URSS., 15:347-350.

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