Avaliação prévia da toxicidade de um efluente simulado derivado de petróleo sobre Promysis atlantica (Crustácea, Mysidacea)

Prelliminary study on the toxiclty of a simulated effluent derived from petroleum on Promysis atlantica (Cruatacea, Mysldacea)

ARTIGOS

Avaliação prévia da toxicidade de um efluente simulado derivado de petróleo sobre Promysis atlantica (Crustácea, Mysidacea)

Prelliminary study on the toxiclty of a simulated effluent derived from petroleum on Promysis atlantica (Cruatacea, Mysldacea)

Phan Van Ngan; Vicente Gomes; Maria José de Arruda Campos Rocha Passos

Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (Caixa Postal 66149, 05389-970, São Paulo, SP, Brasil)

RESUMO

Foram realizados experimentos para avaliar previamente o potencial tóxico de duas amostras de efluente derivado de petróleo a ser lançado no canal de S. Sebastião, através de um emissário submarino que está sendo construído no Terminal Marítimo "Almirante Barroso" (TEBAR). As amostras (denominadas Efluente-A e -B) foram fornecidas pela PETROBRÁS e foram testadas com jovens e adultos de Promysis atlântica (Crustacea, Mysidacea). Em relação ao Efluente-A, concentrações entre 1% e 5% alteram significativamente a taxa de mortalidade dos animais em curto intervalo de tempo (24-96 horas). No caso do Efluente-B concentrações de 0,075% (96 horas) estão no limite máximo de exposição que não afeta a sobrevivência dos jovens da mesma espécie. Os testes demonstraram serem as duas amostras (Efluentes A e B) bastante diferentes uma da outra, sendo a segunda cerca de dez vezes mais tóxica que a primeira. Além disso, a toxicidade dos efluentes varia também em função do armazenamento. Outros possíveis efeitos dos efluentes sobre o ecossistema são discutidos.

Descritores: Mysidacea, Promysis atlântica, toxicologia marinha, toxicidade, petróleo.

ABSTRACT

Preliminary experiments were carried out to estimate the potential toxicity of an effluent derived from petroleum to be dumped into São Sebastião channel through a submarine emissary which is being built at the Maritime Terminal "Almirante Barroso" (TEBAR). Two simulated samples of this effluent (denominated A and B) were supplied by PETROBRÁS. The toxicity of sample A was tested with young and adult Promysis atlántica (Crustacea, Mysidacea) and the toxicity of sample B only with young individuals of the same species. In relation to Effluent-A, concentrations between 1% and 5% increase significantly the rate of mortality of animals in short term tests (24-96 hrs). The results also indicated that, in this case, adults are less resistant than youngs. Concentrations of 0.075% of Effluent-B are at the maximum limits of no effect observation for short term expositions of young animals (96 hrs). The two effluent samples are different from each other. Both of them are very toxic, but the second is about 10 times more toxic than the first one. The toxicity of the samples also varies in function of time of storage. It seems that this variation is not predictable as the results indicated that the toxicity increased with storage for sample A and diminished for sample B. Other possible effects of the effluent on the ecosystem are discussed.

Descriptors: Mysidacea, Promysis atlântica, marine toxicology, toxicity, petroleum.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Agradecimentos

Agradecemos ao Instituto Oceanográfico da USP e à FUNDESPA - Fundação de Estudos e Pesquisas Aquáticas, pelo apoio concedido, pelas instalações e coordenação da parte financeira do projeto. À PETROBRÁS, pelo financiamento do trabalho, pelo fornecimento das amostras do efluente e pela autorização em divulgar os resultados. À Profa Dra Yoko Wakabara, pela identificação dos misidáceos. Às Profas Dras Elizabeth Aidar e Eduinetty Ceci P. M. de Sousa, pela leitura do manuscrito. A todo o pessoal do nosso laboratório pelo inestimável auxílio.

(Manuscrito recebido 15 julho 1993; revisto 30 novembro 1994; aceito 22 dezembro 1994)

• AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION 1985. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 16^th ed. Amer. Publ. Health Asson. 1268p.
• ANDERSON, B. S.; HUNT, J. W.; MARTINS, M.; TURPEN, S. L. & PALMER, F. H. 1988. Protocol development: Reference toxicant and initial complex effluent testing. Marine Bioassay Project, Third Report. Division of water quality report nş 88-7, 154p.
• BELLAN, G. 1981. Manual of methods in aquatic environment research. Part 7. Selected bioassays for the Mediterranean. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap., nş 208, 31p.
• BRETELER, R. J.; WILLIAMS, J. W. & BUHL, R. L. 1982. Measurement of chronic toxicity using the opossum shrimp Mysidopsis bahia. Hydrobiologia, 93:189-194.
• CAPUZZO, J. M.; MOORE, M. N. & WIDDOWS, J. 1988. Effects of toxic chemicals in the marine environment: predictions of impacts from laboratory studies. Aquat. Toxicol., 11:303-311.
• CLARKE, S. M.; BARRICK, C. W. & SAMOILOFF, M. R. 1990. A bioassessment battery for use in an industrial setting: a new management approach. Int. J. Toxicity Assessm., 5:153-166.
• CLEVELAND, L.; LITTLE, E. E.; HAMILTON, S. J.; BUCKLER, D. R. & HUNN, J. B. 1986. Interactive toxicity of aluminum and acidity to early life stages of brook trout. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc, 115:610- 620.
• CRADDOCK, D. R. 1977. Acute toxic effects of petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic marine organisms. In: Effects of petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic marine environments and organisms. Vol. II. Biological effects. 1977. D. C. Malins ed. New York, Academic Press Inc, 500p.
• DIAMOND, J. M.; MAROLYN, J. P. & GRUBER, D. 1990. Rapid detection of sublethal toxicity using fish ventilatory behavior. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 9:3-11.
• DILLON, T. M. & GIBSON, A. B. 1985. Bioaccumulation and effects on reproduction in aquatic organisms: an assessment of the current literature. Miscellaneous paper D-85-2, Department of the Army, US Army Corps of Engineers. 34p.
• EVANS, M. S.; BATHELT, R. W. & RICE, C. P. 1982. PCBs and other toxicants in Mysis relicta. Hydrobiologia, 93:205-215.
• FOX, M. & WINGFIELD, C. A. 1938. A portable apparatus for the determination of oxygen dissolved in a small volume of water. J. exp. Biol, 15:437-445.
• GENTILE, S. M.; GENTILE, J. H.; WALKER, J. & HELTSHE, J. F. 1982, Chronic effects of cadmium on two species of mysid shrimp: Mysidopsis bahia and Mysidopsis bigelowi. Hydrobiologia, 93:195-204.
• HAMILTON, M. A.; RUSSO, R. C. & THURSTON, R. V. 1977. Trimmed Spearman-Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environ. Sci. Tech., 11(7):714-719. Correction: 12(4):417 (1978).
• HOSE, J. E.; CROSS, J. N.; SMITH, S. G. & DARIO, D. 1987. Elevated circulating erythrocyte micronuclei in fishes from contaminated sites off Southern California. Mar. Environ. Res., 22:167-176.
• JOHNS, D. M. & MILLER, D. C. 1982. The use of bioenergetics to investigate the mechanisms of pollutant toxicity in crustaceans larvae. In: Physiological mechanisms of marine pollutant toxicity. Verneberg, W. B.; Calabrese, A.; Thurberg, F. P. & Verneberg, F. J. eds New York, Academic Press, p. 261-288.
• ______ & PECHENIK, J. A. 1980. Influence of the water- accomodated fraction of nş 2 fuel oil on energetics of Cancer irroraturus larvae. Mar. Biol., 55:247-254.
• KOROLEFF, F. 1970. Direct determination of ammonia in natural waters as indophenol blue. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, Information on techniques and methods for sea water analysis., nş 3.
• KRAMER, D. L. 1987. Dissolved oxygen and fish behavior. Environ. Biol. Fishes, 18(2):81-92.
• LEMLY, A. D. & SMITH, J. E. 1986. A behavioral assay for assessing effects of pollutants on fish chemoreception. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 11:210-218.
• LITTLE, E. W. & FINGER, S. E. 1990. Swimming behavior as an indicator of sublethal toxicity in fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 9:13-19.
• LUSSIER, S. M.; GENTILE, J. M. & WALKER, J. 1985. Acute and chronic effects of heavy metals and cyanide on Mysidopsis bahia (Crustacea: Mysidacea). Aquat. Toxicol., 7:25-35.
• MARTIN, M.; ANDERSON, B. S.; HUNT, J. W. & TURPEN, S. L. 1988. Mysid Tests. State Water Resources Control Board. Marine Bioassay Project Third Report. Division of Water Quality. nş 88-7, p. 68-89.
• NIMMO, D. R.; BAHNER, L. H.; RIGBY, R. A.; SHEPPARD, J. M. & WILSON Jr, A. J. 1977. Mysidopsis bahia: an estuarine species suitable for life-cycle toxicity tests to determine the effects of a pollutant. In: Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Evaluation, ASTM STP 634. Mayer, F. L. & Hamelink, J. L. eds American Society for Testing and Materials, p. 109-116.
• ______ & HAMAKER, T. L. 1982. Mysids in toxicity testing - a review. Hydrobiologia, 93:171-178.
• PARSONS, T. R.; TAKAHASHI, M. & HARGRAVE, B. 1984. Biological Processes. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 330p.
• PEQUEGNAT, W. E. & WASTLER, T. A. 1980. Field bioassays for early detection of chronic impacts of chemical wastes upon marine organisms. Helgolander Meeresunters, 33: 531-545.
• REISH, D. J.; ASATO, S. L. & LEMAY, J. A. 1989. The effect of cadmium and DDT on the survival and regeneration in the amphinomid polychaete Eurythoe complanata. VII Symp. Int. Biol Mar., 107-111.
• SCHAEFFER, D.; KERSTER, H. W. & JANARDAN, K. G. 1982. Monitoring toxics by group testing. Environ. Manag., (5:467-469.
• SCHALIE, W. H. V. D.; DICKSON, K. L.; WESTLAKE, G. F. & CAIRNS Jr, J. 1979. Fish bioassay monitoring of waste effluents. Environ. Manag., 3:217-235.
• SVANBERG, O. & RENBERG, L. 1988. Biological chemical characterization of effluents for the evaluation of the potential impact on the aquatic environment In: Organic micropollutants in the aquatic environment. Angeletti, G. & Bjorseth, A. eds Proc. 5^th European Symposium, October 20-22, 1987, Italy, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 244-255.
• UMEZAWA, S. & KOMATSU, K. 1980. Effect of turbidity on the toxicity of surfactants to the medaka, Oryzias latipes. Rep. Usa Mar. Biol. Inst., 2:1-9.
• WALKER, J. D. 1990. Chemical fate, bioconcentration, and environmental effects testing: proposed testing and decision criteria. Int. J. Toxic. Assessm., 5:103-134.
• WARD, G. S. & PARRISH, P. R. 1982. Manual of Methods in Aquatic Environment Research. Part 6. Toxicity tests. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. nş 185, 23p.
• ZAR, J. H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. Englewood Cliffc, Prentice-Hall. 718p.

Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  14 Maio 2012
• Data do Fascículo
  1994

Histórico

• Recebido
  15 Jul 1993
• Revisado
  30 Nov 1994
• Aceito
  22 Dez 1994