Paracoccidioidomycosis: evaluation of treatment and patient profile

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

Paracoccidioidomycosis: evaluation of treatment and patient profile

Fernando Sá Del Fiol^I,*; Sara de Jesus Oliveira^I; Silvio Barberato-Filho^I; Fabio Miranda Junqueira^II; Maria Carolina Pereira da Rocha^II; Maria Inês de Toledo^III

^IPharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil

^IISchool of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

^IIIHealth Sciences School, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil

Dear Editor,

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a fungal disease, chronic and endemic, especially in Latin America.¹ Aiming to acquire more information about the effectiveness of the treatment employed, this study aimed to describe the profiles of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis and compare treatments used in patients with PCM cared for at the Clinic of Tropical Medicine of the "Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba" (CHS) regarding efficacy, safety and adherence to treatment.

The present study evaluated treatment used and the profile of 45 patients with PCM diagnosis. We conducted a retrospective, epidemiological, quantitative, cross-sectional and observational study through analysis of data from medical records of 45 patients diagnosed with PCM. We found a patient profile very similar to that described in the literature, i.e., adult men (77.7%), aging 51.5 years.² Regarding occupational activity, as in other studies, patients were mostly farmers (57.7%) or civil construction workers (11.1%).² Three treatments evaluated were: trimoxazole {1600 + 800 mg/day} (SXT), amphotericin B {1 mg/kg/day} followed by trimoxazole for maintenance {1600 + 800 mg/day} (SXT + ANPH), and itraconazole {200 mg/day} (ITZ). To compare the treatments efficacy, each drug regimen was associated with clinical improvement (in days) defined as the absence of signs and symptoms and overall treatment time (in months) defined as a negative serology. The mean time to clinical improvement showed no difference between the three tested treatments (p = 0.714). Table 1 shows the results.

Regarding the overall treatment time, the group treated with SXT finished treatment with medical discharge in 15.2 months. For the ANPH + SXT group, mean time was 13.3 months and for the ITZ, was 18.4 months. The differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.592).

The mean time until seeking medical assistance was 2.13 months. For patients related to rural activities, time was 2.3 months, while for all others, it was 1.8 months (p = 0.65). This finding is supported by other authors who reported that residents of rural areas have greater difficulty in accessing public health services, which contributes to late diagnosis of disease.³

Despite the consensus of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and other studies suggesting a greater efficacy of itraconazole, the present study, under the conditions it was held, did not confirm this result.^1,4 No difference was found between the SXT combination, amphotericin B followed by SXT and ITZ with respect to signs of clinical improvement, symptoms, and time to negative serology. Compliance rate treatment in non-alcoholics was 79.3%, falling to 43.7% for frequent users of alcohol (p = 0.02). Alcohol use was negatively related with treatment compliance, as was also found in other studies.⁵ The data show that treatment options outlined in the Brazilian Consensus for treatment of PCM, correctly used, showed similar results regarding clinical improvement and overall treatment time.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Received 5 July 2013

Accepted 10 July 2013

Available online 10 October 2013

• 1. Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Benard G, Higaki Y, et al. Randomized trial with itraconazole, ketoconazole and sulfadiazine in paracoccidioidomycosis. Med Mycol. 2002;40:411-7.
• 2. Blotta MH, Mamoni RL, Oliveira SJ, et al. Endemic regions of paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil: a clinical and epidemiologic study of 584 cases in the southeast region. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999;61:390-4.
• 3. Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Telles Filho Fde Q, Mendes RP, Colombo AL, Moretti ML. Guidelines in paracoccidioidomycosis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2006;39:297-310.
• 4. Ferreira MS. Paracoccidioidomycosis. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2009;10:161-5.
• 5. Martinez R, Moya MJ. The relationship between paracoccidioidomycosis and alcoholism. Rev Saude Publica. 1992;26:12-6.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  17 Dec 2013
• Date of issue
  Dec 2013