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Inventory • Biota neotrop. 15 (2) • June 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-06032015018714   copy

The stream fish fauna from three regions of the Upper Paraná River basin

A ictiofauna de riachos de três regiões do alto rio Paraná

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstracts

This study aimed to conduct an inventory of fish assemblages in small streams that are tributaries of large reservoirs in three previously unstudied regions of the Upper Paraná River basin. We sampled 117 streams from 1st to 3rd order in Araguari (Nova Ponte hydropower plant reservoir), Paranaíba (São Simão reservoir) and Grande (Volta Grande reservoir) drainages. In total, 20,696 specimens belonging to 100 species, 53 genera, 20 families and six orders were collected. Of these, 11,530 specimens and 41 species were recorded in Araguari, whereas 17 were exclusive to this drainage. In Grande drainage, 3,537 individuals belonging to 41 species (11 exclusive) and in Paranaíba, 5,629 specimens and 67 species (38 exclusive) were sampled. The mean richness per stream was 6.7 for Grande, 9.0 for Araguari and 10.9 for Paranaíba drainage. The predominant orders were Characiformes, 48% of the total richness, and Siluriformes, 36%. Three species were diagnosed as new: Astyanax sp. 1 (Grande and Paranaíba), Astyanax sp. 2 and Astyanax sp. 3 (both from Araguari), all from scabripinnis group. Another three were considered potentially new: Characidium sp. 1, Characidium sp. 2 and Rhamdiopsis sp. Among all records, eight species are not native from the Paraná basin: the exotics Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia rendalli and the allochtonous Cyphocharax gillii, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, Knodus moenkhausii, Poecilia reticulata, Roeboides descalvadensis and Trichomycterus brasiliensis. This study fills part of the existing knowledge gap about fish from small streams of the Paraná basin. Inventories of the fish fauna from these low-order water courses are important because they highlight their biodiversity relevance, including a significant number of unknown species. Thus, this study contributes to a better knowledge of the stream fish fauna of the upper Paraná River basin, as well as contribute to the establishment of strategies for conservation of this important component of aquatic biodiversity.

Keywords
fish; species inventory; new species

Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um inventário das assembleias de peixes em pequenos riachos afluentes de grandes reservatórios do alto rio Paraná, em três regiões até então desconhecidas pela literatura. Foram amostrados 117 riachos de 1a a 3a ordens nas bacias dos rios Araguari (na bacia de drenagem do reservatório de Nova Ponte), Paranaíba (reservatório de São Simão) e Grande (reservatório de Volta Grande). No total foram capturados 20.696 exemplares pertencentes a 100 espécies, seis ordens, 20 famílias e 53 gêneros. Destes, 11.530 exemplares e 41 espécies foram registradas na bacia do Araguari, sendo que 17 dessas espécies são exclusivas. Na bacia do rio Grande, foram registrados 3.537 exemplares pertencentes a 41 espécies (11 exclusivas) e na bacia do Paranaíba, foram registrados 5.629 exemplares e 67 espécies (38 exclusivas). A riqueza média por riacho foi de 6.7 para os riachos da bacia do rio Grande, 9.0 para os riachos da bacia do Araguari e 10.9 para os riachos da bacia do rio Paranaíba. As ordens predominantes foram Characiformes, com 48% da riqueza total e Siluriformes, com 36%. Três espécies pertencentes ao grupo scabripinnis foram diagnosticadas como novas: Astyanax sp. 1 (Grande e Paranaíba), Astyanax sp. 2 (Araguari) e Astyanax sp. 3 (Araguari). Outras três foram consideradas como potencialmente novas: Characidium sp. 1, Characidium sp. 2 e Rhamdiopsis sp. Entre todos os registros, oito espécies não são nativas da bacia do Paraná: as exóticas Oreochromis niloticus e Tilapia rendalli e as alóctones Cyphocharax gillii, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, Knodus moenkhausii, Poecilia reticulata, Roeboides descalvadensise Trichomycterus brasiliensis. Este estudo preenche parte da lacuna de conhecimento existente sobre peixes de pequenos riachos da bacia do Paraná. Os inventários sobre a fauna de peixes em riachos de pequena ordem são importantes, pois evidenciam a ocorrência de grande diversidade, incluindo um número significativo de espécies ainda não descritas. Dessa forma, esse estudo contribui para um melhor conhecimento da fauna de peixes de riachos pertencentes è bacia do alto rio Paraná, além de colaborar para o estabelecimento de estratégias para conservação deste importante componente da biodiversidade aquática.

Palavras-chave
peixes; inventário; espécie nova

Introduction

Vertebrates are represented by approximately 55,000 species of which more than 31,000 are fish (IUCN 2008IUCN Summury statistics 2008 Red list. Disponível em htpp://www.iiucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/red_list/2008_red_list_summary_statisticsQindex.cfm. Acesso em nov.2008.
www.iiucn.org/about/work/programmes/spec... ; Froese & Pauly 2009FROESE, R. & PAULY, D. 2009. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.fishbase.org/home.htm. Acesso em fev.
http://www.fishbase.org/home.htm... ; Eschmeyer & Fong 2010ESCHMEYER, W.N. & FONG, J.D. 2010. Species of Fishes by family/subfamily. Disponível em: http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/speciesbyfamily. Asp. Acesso em fev.
http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ). Neotropical freshwater ecosystems encompass a great part of this diversity, namely 4,475 valid species and about other 1,550 yet to be described (Reis et al. 2003REIS, R.E., KULLANDER, S.O., FERRARIS, C.J. 2003. Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. 729 p.). Therefore this region is considered to have the most diverse freshwater fish fauna in the world (Junk 2007). Brazil covers most of the Neotropical region, and its’ ichthyofauna hosts more than 3,000 freshwater species (Froese & Pauly 2014). This is due to, among other factors, the country’s vast extension and complex hydrological network including some of the largest river drainages in the world.

The Paraná River basin is the second largest in drainage area in Brazil (Latrubesse et al. 2005LATRUBESSE, E., STEVAUX, J.C., SINHA, R. 2005. Tropical rivers. Geomorphology 70:187-206.). The upper portion of the basin is considered the best studied region in terms of its ichthyofauna, however this knowledge is still insufficient and several regions remain completely unknown. Therefore the present study aimed to present the results of an inventory conducted in small streams draining to three large reservoirs in the Upper Paraná, in areas thus far unstudied. The information presented here can be used to inform management and conservation strategies.

Materials and Methods

1. Study Area

The Upper Paraná River encompasses the Paraná River basin upstream the former Salto de Sete Quedas (Bonetto 1986BONETTO, A.A. 1986. The Paraná river system. In: DAVIES, B.R., WALKER, K.F. The ecology of river systems. Dordrecht: Dr. W. Junk Publishers, p. 541-555.). This portion of the basin represents 891.000 km2 (10.5% of Brazil’s total area) (Agostinho et al. 2003AGOSTINHO, A.A., GOMES, L.C., SUZUKI, H.I., JULIO, Jr., H.F. 2003. Migratory fishes of the Upper Paraná river basin, Brazil. In CROSFELD, J., HARVEY, B., ROSS, C., BAER, A. Migratory Fishes of South America Victoria: world Fisheries Trust, p. 20-98.) and includes important tributaries such as the Araguari, Grande, Paranaíba, Paranapanema and Tietê, and the first three were included in the present study. The Araguari River is a left bank tributary of the Paranaíba River and has its headwaters in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, São Roque de Minas municipality, Minas Gerais state. This tributary is 475 km of length and covers 21, 856 km2 of drainage area (Baccaro et al. 2004BACARRO, C.A., MEDEIROS, S.M., FERREIRA, I.L., RODRIGUES, S.C. 2004. Mapeamento Geomorfológico da Bacia do Rio Araguari (MG). LIMA, S.C. & SANTOS, R.J. (Org.). In: Gestão Ambiental da Bacia do Rio Araguari - rumo ao desenvolvimentosustentável. Uberlandia: CNPq, p. 1-20.). The headwaters of the Grande River are in the Serra da Mantiqueira, Bocaina de Minas municipality. Approximately 86,500 km2 of its total 143,000 km2 drainage area is within Minas Gerais state limits. The Paranaíba has its headwaters in the Serra da Mata da Corda, 1,100 m above sea level and its drainage area encompasses 222,711 km2, with ca 30% in Minas Gerais state. Together, the rivers Paranaíba and Grande form the Paraná River.

This study was carried out in 117 streams of 1st to 3rd order (according to Sthraler 1957) belonging to Araguari (38 streams), Paranaíba (39 streams) and Grande river (40 streams) drainages (Figure 1).

Figure 1
Map of the study area showing the location of the 117 streams in the Upper Paraná River basin.

1.1. Fish Sampling and Identification

Stream sampling was carried out during the dry season, in September 2009 (Araguari), 2011 (Grande), 2012 (Paranaíba) and 2013 (resampling of Araguari streams). The length of each stream site sampled was 40 times its mean width, with a minimum length of 150 m (Kaufmann et al. 1999KAUFMANN, P.R, LEVINE, P., ROBISON, E.G., SEELIGER, C., PECK, D.V. 1999. Quantifying Physical Habitat in Wadeable Streams. Washington, D. C.: EPA/620/R-99/003, U.S. Biodiversity Environmental Protection Agency, 102 p.). Each stream was sampled for two hours by three people using mainly semicircular hand nets (80 cm of diameter, 1 mm of mesh size) and seines when possible (4 m long, 2 m high, 5 mm of mesh size). All catches were made during daylight hours. Specimens were killed in an anesthetic solution of clove oil and then fixed in 10% formalin. In the laboratory, all sampled fishes were transferred to 70° GL alcohol and identified to species level, by means of identification key (Graça & Pavanelli 2007GRAÇA, W.J. & PAVANELLI, C.S. 2007. Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes. Maringá. EDUEM. 241 p.) and expert (Francisco Langeani). Voucher specimens of all species are deposited at the following fish collections: Coleção de Ictiologia da Universidade Federal de Lavras (CIUFLA), Coleção do Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto campus (DZSJRP), Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS (MCP), Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG) and Coleção Ictiológica do Nupélia (NUP), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (Table 1).

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Table 1
Fish species sampled in Upper Paraná River basin streams. N = number of individuals, CI-UFLA = voucher specimens deposited at Coleção de Peixes da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), DZSJRP = Coleção do Departamento de Zoologia de São José do Rio Preto, MCP = Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, MPEG = Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, MZUSP = Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, NUP = Coleção ictiológica do Nupélia. * = allochtonous species, ** = exotic species, *** = migratory species, **** = probably nem species, X = specimens that couldn’t be deposited in a scientific collection because they were used in stable isotopes study, in this case they were identified through photos taken in the field.

Results and Discussion

In total we collected 20,696 specimens belonging to 100 species, 53 genus, 20 families and six orders. Araguari accounted for 11,530 specimens and 41 species whereas 17 species were exclusive to this drainage. Grande drainage was represented by 3,537 individuals belonging to 41 species (11 exclusive) and the Paranaíba by 5,629 specimens and 67 species (38 exclusive). Paranaíba showed the highest mean richness per stream, 10.9, followed by Araguari, 9.0 and Grande, 6.7 (Table 1)

Characiformes and Siluriformes orders represented the majority of the species richness, 48% and 36% respectively, reflecting a well known pattern recognized for South American rivers (Lowe-McConnell 1987LOWE-McCONNELL, R.H. 1987. Ecological studies in tropical fish communities. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 382 p.). Langeani et al. (2007)LANGEANI, F., CASTRO, R.M.C., OYAKAWA, O.T., SHIBATTA, O.A., PAVANELLI, C.S., CASATTI, L. 2007. Diversidade da ictiofauna do alto Rio Paraná: composição atual e perspectivas futuras. Biota Neotropica, Campinas, 5(1):75-78. recorded 310 species included in 11 orders for the Upper Paraná basin, with 80% represented by Characiformes and Siluriformes, a number similar to our findings. Likewise Alves et al. (2007)ALVES, C.B.M., VIEIRA, F., MAGALHÃES, A.L.B., BRITO, M.F.G. 2007. Impacts of non-native fish species in Minas Gerais, Brazil: presente situation and prospects. In BERT, M.T. Ecological and genetic implications of aquaculture activities, Dordrecht: Springer, p. 291-314. found a predominance of Characiformes (47%) and Siluriformes (32%) in the Minas Gerais portion of the Upper Paraná basin.

At the family level, the Characidae was the best represented in this study. Other studies also found the same pattern (Castro et al. 2003CASTRO, R.M.C., CASATTI, L., SANTOS, H.F., FERREIRA, K.M., RIBEIRO, A.C., BENINE, R.C., DARDIS, G.Z.P., MELO, A.L.A., ABREU, T.X., BOCKMANN, F.A., CARVALHO, M., GIBRAN, F.Z., LIMA, F.C.T. 2003. Estrutura e composição da ictiofauna de riachos do Rio Paranapanema, sudeste e sul do Brasil. Biota Neotropica 3(1): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v3n1/pt/abstract?article+BN01703012003.
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v3n1/p... ; 2004CASTRO, R.M.C., CASATTI, L., SANTOS, H.F., MELO, A.L.A., MARTINS, L.S.F., FERREIRA, K.M., GIBRAN, F.Z., BENINE, R.C., CARVALHO, M., RIBEIRO, A.C., ABREU, T.X., BOCKMANN, F.A., DARDIS, G.Z.P., STOPIGLIA, R., LANGEANI, F. 2004. Estrutura e composição da ictiofauna de riachos da bacia do Rio Grande, no Estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotropica 4(1): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v4n1/pt/abstract? article+BN0170402004.
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v4n1/p... ; Shibatta et al. 2007SHIBATTA, A.O., GEALH, A.M., BENNEMANN, S.T. 2007. Ictiofauna dos trechos alto e médio da bacia do rio Tibagi, Paraná, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, Campinas, 7(2):125-134.). The Characidae is one of the richest families among the Neotropical freshwater fish fauna (Reis et al. 2003REIS, R.E., KULLANDER, S.O., FERRARIS, C.J. 2003. Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. 729 p.), and present a wide range of feeding habits and habitat uses (Kavalco & Pazza 2007KAVALCO, K.F. & PAZZA R. 2007. Aspectos biogeográficos de componentes da ictiofauna da América Central. ConScientia e Saúde 6(1):147-153.). The Astyanax scabripinnis group is particularly abundant and widespread in small streams in several Brazilian river basins (Bertaco & Lucena 2006BERTACO, V.A. & LUCENA, C.A.S. 2006. Two new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from eastern Brazil, with a synopsis of the Astyanax scabripinnis species complex. Neotropical Ichthyology, 4(1):53-60.), including the Upper Paraná River basin (Castro & Casatti 1997CASTRO, R.M.C. & CASATTI, L. 1997. The fish fauna from a small forest stream of the upper Paraná River basin, Southeastern Brasil. Ichthyological Exploration Freshwaters, Cornol, 7(4):337-352.; Pavanelli & Caramaschi 1997PAVANELLI, C.S. & CARAMASCHI, E.P. 1997. Composition of theichthyofauna of two small tributaries of the Paraná river, Porto Rico, Paraná State, Brazil. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, München, 8(1):23-31.). In the present study three species within the scabripinnis group were identified as probably new: Astyanax sp. 1 (Grande and Paranaíba), Astyanax sp. 2 (Araguari) and Astyanax sp. 3 (Araguari). Besides these, another three species were considered potentially new: Characidium sp. 1, Characidium sp. 2 e Rhamdiopsis sp.

Besides being a well studied region, the Upper Paraná still hosts several new species, some of them recently discovered and described. Langeani et al. (2007)LANGEANI, F., CASTRO, R.M.C., OYAKAWA, O.T., SHIBATTA, O.A., PAVANELLI, C.S., CASATTI, L. 2007. Diversidade da ictiofauna do alto Rio Paraná: composição atual e perspectivas futuras. Biota Neotropica, Campinas, 5(1):75-78. listed 50 new species for the region, whereas 16 were formally described since then and another 34 await the same process (Leporinus piavussu Britski, Birindelli & Garavello 2012; Astyanax bockmanni Vari & Castro 2007; Hemigrammus parana Marinho, Carvalho, Langeani & Tatsumi 2008; Characidium heirmostigmata Graça & Pavanelli 2008; Characidium xanthopterum Silveira, Langeani, Graça, Pavanelli & Buckup 2008; Apteronotus acidops Triques 2011; Gymnorhamphichthys britskii Carvalho, Ramos & Albert 2011; Rhinolekos britskii Martins, Langeani & Britskii 2011; Hypostomus multidens Jerep, Shibatta & Zawadzki 2007; Harttia absaberi Oyakawa, Fichberg & Langeani 2013; Neoplecostomus corumba Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani 2008; Neoplecostomus selenae Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani 2008; Neoplecostomus yapo Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani 2008; Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda 2008; Phalloceros reisi Lucinda 2008; Laetacara araguaiae Ottoni & Costa 2009). In addition to the new species mentioned by Langeani et al. (2007)LANGEANI, F., CASTRO, R.M.C., OYAKAWA, O.T., SHIBATTA, O.A., PAVANELLI, C.S., CASATTI, L. 2007. Diversidade da ictiofauna do alto Rio Paraná: composição atual e perspectivas futuras. Biota Neotropica, Campinas, 5(1):75-78., another 29 were also described for the region (Hyphessobrycon uaiso Carvalho & Langeani 2013; Hyphessobrycon vinaceus Betarco, Malabarba & Dergam 2007; Corumbataia britskii Ferreira & Ribeiro 2007; Hisonotus piracanjuba Martins & Langeani 2012; Microlepidogaster dimorpha Martins & Langeani 2011; Microlepidogaster arachas Martins, Calegari & Langeani 2012; Microlepidogaster longicolla Calegari & Reis 2010; Otothyropsis biamnicus Calegari, Lehmann & Reis 2013; Otothyropsis Polyodon Calegari, Lehmann & Reis 2013; Rhinolekos schaeferi Martins & Langeani 2011; Rhinolekos garavelloi Martins & Langeani 2011; Hypostomus denticulatus Zawadzki, Weber & Pavanelli 2008; Hypostomus heraldoi Zawadzki, Weber & Pavanelli 2008; Neoplecostomus bandeirante Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki 2012; Neoplecostomus botucatu Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki 2012; Neoplecostomus langeanii Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki 2012; Iheringichthys syi Azpelicueta & Britskii 2012; Trichomycterus perkos Datovo, Carvalho & Ferrer 2012; Trichomycterus pirabitira Barbosa & Azevedo Santos 2012; Trichomycterus piratymbara Katz, Barbosa & Costa 2013; Trichomycterus septemradiatus Katz, Barbosa & Costa 2013; Pituna brevirostrata Costa 2007; Melanorivulus faucireticulatus Costa 2007; Melanorivulus illuminatus Costa 2007; Rivulus giarettai Costa 2008; Rivulus formosensis Costa 2008; Simpsonichthys margaritatus Costa 2011; Simpsonichthys nigromaculatus Costa 2007; Australoheros tavaresi Ottoni 2012 and Pimelodus britskii Garavello & Shibatta 2007.

Among all recorded species, six are considered allochtonous, i.e. native to other Neotropical river basins and introduced in the upper Paraná basin. Of these six species, Cyphocharax gillii and Roeboides descalvadensis were collected only in the Paranaíba basin, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus in the Grande basin and Trichomycterus brasiliensis in Araguari basin. On the other hand Poecilia reticulata and Knodus moenkhausii occurred in each of the drainages. The most abundant allochtonous species, K. moenkhausii (especially in the Paranaíba basin) is an opportunistic species that invests much of its energy in reproduction and colonize several environments, including the most degraded (Ceneviva-Bastos & Casatti 2007CENEVIVA-BASTOS, M. & CASATTI, L. 2007. Oportunismo alimentar de Knodus moenkhausii (Teleostei, Characidae): uma espécie abundante em riachos do noroeste do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Iheringia. Série Zoologia, 97:7-15.). Poecilia reticulata (the second most abundant allochthonous species) is native to northwestern America (Bisazza 1993BISAZZA, A., MANFREDI, S., PILASTRO, A. 2000. Sexual competition, coercive mating and mate assessment in the one-sided livebearer, Jenynsiamultidentata: are they predictive of sexual dimorphism? Ethology, 106(11):961-978.) and has been introduced in several regions of the world because of its potential for mosquito control (Araújo et al. 2009ARAUJO, F.G., PEIXOTO, M.G., PINTO, B.C.T., TEIXEIRA, T.P. 2009. Distribution of guppies Poecilia reticulata (Peters, 1860) and Phalloceros caudimaculatus (Hensel, 1868) along a polluted stretch of the Paraíba do Sul River, Brazil. Braz. J. Biol. 69(1):41-48.). This species also has great ability to increase its population in harsh environments, and is therefore indicative of poor water quality (Araújo 1983ARAUJO, J.R.S. 1983. Projeto de biodetecção de tóxicos em sistemas fluviais de utilização em captação de água para sistemas públicos de abastecimento. Cadernos FEEMA, Série Congressos 17(83):1-129.).

The two exotic species (i.e. native to other continents) recorded in our study area, Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia rendalli occurred only in one of the studied drainages each, Grande and Paranaíba respectively. Both species are of medium size and have great commercial value, which probably motivated their introduction. Oreochromis niloticus is native to the Nile River basin, East Africa but is largely introduced in tropical and subtropical regions (Carvalho 2006CARVALHO, E.D. 2006. Avaliação dos impactos da piscicultura em tanques-rede nas represas dos grandes tributários do alto Paraná (Tietê e Paranapanema): o pescado, a ictiofauna agregada e as condições limnológicas. Relatório Científico (FAPESP). Botucatu, SP. 46p.). It was first introduced in northeast Brazil in the 1970s, through the Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra a Seca (DNOCS), and subsequently spread throughout the whole country (Castagnolli 1996CASTAGNOLLI, N. 1996. Aqüicultura para o ano 2000. Brasília: CNPq, 95p.). It is classified as a pest and its introduction has a well known negative impact to the aquatic ecosystems (Froese & Pauly 2010FROESE, R. & PAULY, D. 2010. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.fishbase.org/home.htm. Acesso em.
http://www.fishbase.org/home.htm... ).

Two migratory species were recorded, Brycon orbignyanus (piracanjuba) and Leporinus friderici (piau-três-pintas), both represented by few individuals. Migratory species in the adult stage are mostly residents of larger streams or rivers, being occasionally found in these low-order streams when in their young stage (Pompeu & Godinho 2003GODINHO, A.L. & POMPEU, P.S. 2003. A importância dos ribeirões para os peixes de piracema. In: GODINHO, H.P., GODINHO, A.L. (Org.) Águas, peixes e pescadores do São Francisco da Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte: PUC Minas, p. 361-372.). Brycon orbignyanus is considered endangered in Minas Gerais state, according to the IUCN Red Data List (Machado et al 2005MACHADO, A.B.M., MARTINS, C.S., DRUMMOND, G.M. 2005. Lista da fauna brasileira ameaçada de extinção: incluindo as espécies quase ameaçadas e deficientes em dados. Belo Horizonte: Fundação Biodiversitas.; Alves et al 2007ALVES, C.B.M., VIEIRA, F., MAGALHÃES, A.L.B., BRITO, M.F.G. 2007. Impacts of non-native fish species in Minas Gerais, Brazil: presente situation and prospects. In BERT, M.T. Ecological and genetic implications of aquaculture activities, Dordrecht: Springer, p. 291-314.), due to habitat degradation especially driven by clearance of the riparian vegetation, pollution and construction of hydropower plants (Santos 2010SANTOS, G.B. 2010. A ictiofauna da bacia do alto Paraná (rio Grande e rio Paranaíba). MG Biota, 2(6).).

This study fills part of the knowledge gap about fish from small streams of the Paraná basin by presenting the species list of regions unstudied until this moment. Inventories of the fish fauna from these low-order water courses are important because they highlight their biodiversity relevance, including a significant number of new species. As such, our findings can help inform future conservation and/or management strategies in the studied landscape.

The present study is part of the project: “Desenvolvimento de índices de integridade biótica (IBI em inglês) como ferramenta para avaliar aqualidade ambiental e subsidiar a restauração de habitats em áreas de soltura de alevinos pela CEMIG”. We thank our colleagues at the Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes (UFLA) and Laboratório de Ecologia de Bentos (UFMG) for their help with the field work, Claúdio Zawadzki, Guilherme Dutra, Naércio Menezes, Roberto Reis and Wolmar Wosiacki for helping with the species identification, the landowners for providing permission to conduct research on their properties, IBAMA for the collecting license (10327-1). We also thank Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais (CEMIG), Fundação de Amparo è Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG, CRA 03147/11), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, CGL received scholarship: BEX2943/13-1) and P&D ANEEL/CEMIG GT 487 for financial support including the authors scholarships; FAPESP and CNPq for financial support to the studies of the ichthyofauna from the Upper Paraná and the modernization of the fish collection at DZSJRP (FL). PSP received a research fellowship from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq No. 306325/2011-0) and from the Fundação de Amparo è Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG No. PPM-00237/13).

References

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Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    June 2015

History

  • Received
    8 Dec 2014
  • Reviewed
    5 Mar 2015
  • Accepted
    16 Mar 2015
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