Effect of elastomeric ligatures on frictional forces between the archwire and orthodontic bracket

Venâncio, Flávia Ramos; Vedovello, Sílvia Amélia Scudeler; Tubel, Carlos Alberto Malanconi; Degan, Viviane Veroni; Lucato, Adriana Simone; Lealdim, Letícia Nery

Abstract

AIM: To evaluate the frictional force between the archwire and orthodontic bracket generated by elastomeric ligatures with polymer coating (Super slick, TP Orthodontics) and conventional ligatures (Morelli) using two types of insertion techniques. METHODS: Forty elastomeric ligatures, 20 with polymer coating and 20 conventional, were evaluated. Each type of ligature was separated into two groups (n=10), according to the insertion mode: conventional or crossed (from mesial to distal region crossed in front). To analyze friction, 40 5-cm-long segments of stainless steel orthodontic archwire 0.019" x 0.025" (Morelli) and Edgewise brackets (slot 0.022" x 0.028"; Morelli) were used. Each set (bracket, wire and elastic) was submitted to frictional testing in a universal test machine (Instron 4411) at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Each bracket was moved 5 mm on the wire, with maximum friction and mean friction being recorded by software. Three readouts were taken for each bracket. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). RESULTS: It was shown that for maximum and mean friction, the polymer-coated ligature did not differ statistically from the conventional type in a dry environment condition. Ligatures placed in crossed mode promoted significantly greater friction than those placed in conventional mode, irrespective of the type of elastomeric ligature. CONCLUSIONS: Friction depended on the insertion mode, but not on the type of elastomeric ligature.

friction; elastomer; orthodontics

¹
Souza RS, Pinto AS, Shimizu RH, Sakima MT, Gandini Junior LG. Avaliação do sistema de forças gerado pela alça T de retração pré-ativada segundo o padrão UNESP-Araraquara. Rev Dent Press Ortod Ortop Facial. 2003; 8: 113-22.
²
Ogata RH, Nanda RS, Duncanson MG, Sinha PK, Currier GF. Frictional resistances in stainless steel bracket-wire combinations with effects of vertical deflections. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996; 109: 535-42.
³
Chimenti C, Franchi L, Giuseppe MG, Lucci M. Friction of Orthodontic Elastomeric Ligatures with Different Dimensions. Angle Orthod. 2005; 75: 421-25.
⁴
Burrow SJ, Charlotte NC. Frictional and resistance to sliding in orthodontics: A critical review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009; 135: 442-7.
⁵
Loftus BP, Artun J. A model for evaluating friction during orthodontic tooth movement. Eur J Orthod. 2001; 23: 253-61.
⁶
Baccetti T, Franchi L. Friction Produced by types of elastomeric ligatures in treatment mechanics with the preajusted appliance. Angle Orthod. 2006; 76: 211-6.
⁷
Edwards GD, Davies EH, Jones SP. The ex vivo effect of ligation technique on the static frictional resistance of stainless steel brackets and archwires. Br J Orthod. 1995; 22: 145-53.
⁸
Leander D, Kuramar JK. Comparative evaluation of frictional characteristics of coated low friction ligatures - super slick ties with conventional uncoated ligatures. Indian J Dent Res. 2011; 22: 90-4.
⁹
Griffiths HS, Sherriff M, Ireland AJ. Resistance to sliding with 3 types of elastomeric modules. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005; 127: 670-5.
¹⁰
Hain M, Dhopatkar A, Rock P. The effect of ligation method on friction in sliding mechanics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 123: 416-22.
¹¹
Frank CA, Nikolai RJ. A comparative study of frictional resistances between orthodontic bracket and arch wire. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1980; 78: 593-609.
¹²
Cacciafesta V, Sfondrini MF, Ricciardi A, Scribante A, Klersy C, Auricchio F. Evaluation of friction of stainless steel and esthetic self-ligating brackets in various bracket-archwire combinations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 124: 395-402.
¹³
Mendes K, Rossouw PE. Friction: validation of manufacturer's claim. Seminars in Orthod. 2003; 9: 236-50.
¹⁴
Pithon MM, dos Santos RL, Nascimento LE, Ayres AO, Alviano D, Bolognese AM. Do self-ligating brackets favor greater bacterial aggregation? Braz Dent J. 2011; 10: 3,. 208-12.
¹⁵
Keith O, Orth M, Jones SP, Davies EH. The influence o bracket material, ligation force and wear on frictional resistance of orthodontic brackets. Br J Orthod. 1993; 20: 109-15.
¹⁶
Gandini P, Orsi L, Bertoncini C, Massironi S, Franchi L. In vitro frictional forces generated by three different ligation methods. Angle Orthod. 2008; 78: 917-21.
¹⁷
Khambay B, Millet D, McHugh S. Archwire seating forces produced by different ligation methods and their effect on frictional resistance. Eur J Orthod. 2005; 27: 302-8.
¹⁸
Downing A, Mc Cabe JF, Gordon PH. The effect of artificial saliva on the frictional forces between orthodontic brackets and archwire. Br J Orthod. 1995; 22: 41-6.
¹⁹
Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effects of ligation type and method on the resistance to sliding of novel orthodontic brackets with second-order angulation in the dry and wet states. Angle Orthod. 2003; 73: 418-30.
²⁰
Baker KL, Nieberg LG, Weimer AD, Hanna M. Frictional changes in force values caused by saliva substitution. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987; 91: 316-20.
²¹
Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Prewitt MJ. Comparison of the frictional coefficients for selected archwire-bracket slot combinations in the dry and wet states. Angle Orthod. 1991; 61: 293-302.
²²
Magno AF, Enoki C, Ito IY, Matsumoto, Faria G, Filho PN. In vivo evaluation of the contamination of super slick elastomeric rings by streptococcus mutans in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008; 133: 4-9.
²³
Edwards IR, Spary DJ, Rock WP. The effect upon friction of the degradation of orthodontic elastomeric modules. Eur J Orthod. 2012; 34: 618-24.
²⁴
Wong AK. Orthodontic elastic materials. Angle Orthod. 1976, 46: 196205.
²⁵
Ioi H, Yanase Y, Uehara M, Hara A, Nakasima N, Nakasima A. Frictional resistance in plastic preadjusted brackets ligated with low-friction and conventional elastomeric ligatures. Journal of orthodontics 2009; 36: 17-22.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
04 June 2013
Date of issue
Mar 2013

History

Received
07 Nov 2012
Accepted
25 Feb 2013

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ¹
Souza RS, Pinto AS, Shimizu RH, Sakima MT, Gandini Junior LG. Avaliação do sistema de forças gerado pela alça T de retração pré-ativada segundo o padrão UNESP-Araraquara. Rev Dent Press Ortod Ortop Facial. 2003; 8: 113-22.

[2] ²
Ogata RH, Nanda RS, Duncanson MG, Sinha PK, Currier GF. Frictional resistances in stainless steel bracket-wire combinations with effects of vertical deflections. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996; 109: 535-42.

[3] ³
Chimenti C, Franchi L, Giuseppe MG, Lucci M. Friction of Orthodontic Elastomeric Ligatures with Different Dimensions. Angle Orthod. 2005; 75: 421-25.

[4] ⁴
Burrow SJ, Charlotte NC. Frictional and resistance to sliding in orthodontics: A critical review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009; 135: 442-7.

[5] ⁵
Loftus BP, Artun J. A model for evaluating friction during orthodontic tooth movement. Eur J Orthod. 2001; 23: 253-61.

[6] ⁶
Baccetti T, Franchi L. Friction Produced by types of elastomeric ligatures in treatment mechanics with the preajusted appliance. Angle Orthod. 2006; 76: 211-6.

[7] ⁷
Edwards GD, Davies EH, Jones SP. The ex vivo effect of ligation technique on the static frictional resistance of stainless steel brackets and archwires. Br J Orthod. 1995; 22: 145-53.

[8] ⁸
Leander D, Kuramar JK. Comparative evaluation of frictional characteristics of coated low friction ligatures - super slick ties with conventional uncoated ligatures. Indian J Dent Res. 2011; 22: 90-4.

[9] ⁹
Griffiths HS, Sherriff M, Ireland AJ. Resistance to sliding with 3 types of elastomeric modules. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005; 127: 670-5.

[10] ¹⁰
Hain M, Dhopatkar A, Rock P. The effect of ligation method on friction in sliding mechanics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 123: 416-22.

[11] ¹¹
Frank CA, Nikolai RJ. A comparative study of frictional resistances between orthodontic bracket and arch wire. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1980; 78: 593-609.

[12] ¹²
Cacciafesta V, Sfondrini MF, Ricciardi A, Scribante A, Klersy C, Auricchio F. Evaluation of friction of stainless steel and esthetic self-ligating brackets in various bracket-archwire combinations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 124: 395-402.

[13] ¹³
Mendes K, Rossouw PE. Friction: validation of manufacturer's claim. Seminars in Orthod. 2003; 9: 236-50.

[14] ¹⁴
Pithon MM, dos Santos RL, Nascimento LE, Ayres AO, Alviano D, Bolognese AM. Do self-ligating brackets favor greater bacterial aggregation? Braz Dent J. 2011; 10: 3,. 208-12.

[15] ¹⁵
Keith O, Orth M, Jones SP, Davies EH. The influence o bracket material, ligation force and wear on frictional resistance of orthodontic brackets. Br J Orthod. 1993; 20: 109-15.

[16] ¹⁶
Gandini P, Orsi L, Bertoncini C, Massironi S, Franchi L. In vitro frictional forces generated by three different ligation methods. Angle Orthod. 2008; 78: 917-21.

[17] ¹⁷
Khambay B, Millet D, McHugh S. Archwire seating forces produced by different ligation methods and their effect on frictional resistance. Eur J Orthod. 2005; 27: 302-8.

[18] ¹⁸
Downing A, Mc Cabe JF, Gordon PH. The effect of artificial saliva on the frictional forces between orthodontic brackets and archwire. Br J Orthod. 1995; 22: 41-6.

[19] ¹⁹
Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effects of ligation type and method on the resistance to sliding of novel orthodontic brackets with second-order angulation in the dry and wet states. Angle Orthod. 2003; 73: 418-30.

[20] ²⁰
Baker KL, Nieberg LG, Weimer AD, Hanna M. Frictional changes in force values caused by saliva substitution. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987; 91: 316-20.

[21] ²¹
Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Prewitt MJ. Comparison of the frictional coefficients for selected archwire-bracket slot combinations in the dry and wet states. Angle Orthod. 1991; 61: 293-302.

[22] ²²
Magno AF, Enoki C, Ito IY, Matsumoto, Faria G, Filho PN. In vivo evaluation of the contamination of super slick elastomeric rings by streptococcus mutans in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008; 133: 4-9.

[23] ²³
Edwards IR, Spary DJ, Rock WP. The effect upon friction of the degradation of orthodontic elastomeric modules. Eur J Orthod. 2012; 34: 618-24.

[24] ²⁴
Wong AK. Orthodontic elastic materials. Angle Orthod. 1976, 46: 196205.

[25] ²⁵
Ioi H, Yanase Y, Uehara M, Hara A, Nakasima N, Nakasima A. Frictional resistance in plastic preadjusted brackets ligated with low-friction and conventional elastomeric ligatures. Journal of orthodontics 2009; 36: 17-22.

Brasil

Brasil

Effect of elastomeric ligatures on frictional forces between the archwire and orthodontic bracket

Abstract

Publication Dates

History