Ship hull fouling in the port of Recife, Pernambuco

Farrapeira, Cristiane Maria Rocha; Melo, Arthur Vinícius de Oliveira Marrocos de; Barbosa, Débora Ferreira; Silva, Karla Maria Euzebio da

Abstracts

Ports of big coastal cities are exposed to exotic species as a consequence of shipping traffic. As the Port of Recife receives an annual average of 491 ships from other regions of Brazil and from all over the world, this work was aimed at knowing which marine animals were passively transported on such vessels hulls, in order to map and monitor new bioinvasions in the area. Thus, 32 vessels of several origins were investigated between November 2005 and March 2006, samples were taken and the macrofauna identified. Sixty species of associated animals were identified, consisting of 28 sessile species, particularly the Cirripedia Balanomorpha and Lepadomorpha as dominants, 8 sedentary animals, namely Mytillidae and Dreissenidae and 23 free-living species, particularly, Caprellidae, Gammaridae, Tanaidacea, Turbellaria, Nemertea and Polychaeta. The first occurrence of Conchoderma virgatum was recorded with exact location for the Brazilian littoral, and Conchoderma auritum, Amphibalanus subalbidus and Haliplanella lineata were recorded for the first time at the littoral of Pernambuco State. The invasion pathway was confirmed for Amphibalanus reticulatus and Mytilopsis leucophaeta, invader species of the estuarine area of Recife's city. Megabalanus coccopoma was considered as a risk invader species for the region.

Vessels; Hull fouling; Bioinvasion; Biofouling; Barnacles; Port of Recife

Regiões portuárias das grandes cidades litorâneas estão sujeitas à recepção de espécies exóticas como conseqüência da movimentação dos navios. Como o Porto do Recife recebe uma média anual de 491 atracações de navios, provenientes de várias regiões do Brasil e do mundo, objetivou-se conhecer quais animais marinhos eram transportados passivamente nos cascos das embarcações para mapear e monitorar novas invasões biológicas na área. Assim, foram investigados 32 barcos de diversas origens, nos meses de novembro de 2005 a março de 2006, tendo a macrofauna sido amostrada e identificada. Foram encontradas 60 espécies de animais associados, sendo: 28 espécies incrustantes, destacando-se os Cirripedia Balanomorpha e Lepadomorpha, como dominantes, 8 sedentárias, destacando-se os Mytillidae e Dreissenidae e 23 vágeis, sendo os principais: Caprellidae, Gammaridae, Tanaidacea, Turbellaria, Nemertea e Polychaeta. A primeira citação de Conchoderma virgatum foi registrada com localização exata para o litoral brasileiro, e Conchoderma auritum, Amphibalanus subalbidus e Haliplanella lineata foram registradas pela primeira vez para o litoral do estado de Pernambuco. O meio de dispersão foi confirmado para Amphibalanus reticulatus e Mytilopsis leucophaeta, espécies invasoras da área estuarina da Cidade do Recife. Megabalanus coccopoma foi considerada como espécie em risco de invasão para a região.

Embarcações; Incrustação em cascos de navios; Bioinvasão; Bioincrustação; Cirrípedes; Porto do Recife

BAKER, P.; BAKER, S. M.; FAJANS, J. Nonindigenous marine species in the greater Tampa Bay ecosystem. Tampa Bay Estuary Program Tech. Publ., n. 02-04, 2004.
BOULTON, L. H.; POWELL, C. A.; HUDSON, W. B. Aspects of biofouling and corrosion on ship hulls clad with copper-nickel. In: ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE AUSTRALASIAN CORROSION ASSOCIATION, CORROSION AND PREVENTION 99, 1999, Sydney. Proceedings… Sydney: the Australasian Corrosion Association., 1999. p 1-9.
CARLTON, J. T. Patterns of transoceanic marine biological invasions in the Pacific Ocean. Bull. Mar. Sci., v. 41, p. 452-465, 1987.
CARLTON, J. T.; GELLER, J. B. Ecological roulette: biological invasions and the global transport of non-indigenous marine organisms. Science, v. 261, p. 78-82, 1993.
CLARKE, A. Natural ways to banish barnacles. New Scient., v. 18, p. 38-41, 1995.
CLARKE, C. et al. Ballast water risk assessment, Port of Sepetiba, Federal Republic of Brazil London: IMO, 2004. 99 p.
COELHO, P. A.; SANTOS, M. C. F. Ocorrência de Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) no litoral de Pernambuco. Bolm Téc.-Cient. CEPENE, v. 11, n. 1, p. 167-173, 2003.
COLES, S. L.; DEFELICE, R. C.; ELDREDGE, L. G. Nonindigenous marine species introductions in the harbors of the South and West shores of Oahu, Hawaii. Bishop Mus. Tech. Rep., v. 15, p. 1-228, 1999.
COUTTS, A. D. M.; TAYLOR, M. D. A preliminary investigation of biosecurity risks associated with biofouling on merchant vessels in New Zealand. New Zealand J. Mar. Freshw. Res., v. 38, n. 2, p. 215-229, 2004.
COUTTS, A. D. M.; TAYLOR, M. D. Biofouling on merchant vessels in New Zealand. In: GODWIN, L. S. ed. Hull fouling as a mechanism for marine invasive species introductions Bishop Mus. Tech. Rep., 28: 14-21. 2005.
DEFELICE, R. C.; ELDREDGE, L. G.; CARLTON, J. T. Nonindigenous invertebrates. In: ELDREDGE, L. G.; SMITH, C. M. A guidebook of introduced marine species in Hawaii Bishop Mus. Tech. Rep., 21:70 p. 2001.
EDWARDS, A.; LUBBOCK, R. Marine zoogeography of Saint Paul's Rocks. J. Biogeogr., v. 10, n. 65-72, 1983.
ENO, N. C.; CLARK, R. A.; SANDERSON, W. G. (Ed.). Non-native marine species in British waters: a review and directory. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee, 1997. 136 p.
FLOERL, O. Factors that influence hull fouling on ocean-going vessels. In: Godwin, L. S. ed. Hull fouling as a mechanism for marine invasive species introductions Bishop Mus. Tech. Rep., 28:6-13. 2005.
FOSTER, B. A.; WILLAN, R. C. Foreign barnacles transported to New Zealand on an oil platform. New Zealand J. Mar. Fresh. Res., v. 13, n. 1, p. 143-149, 1979.
GODWIN, L. S. Hull fouling of maritime vessels as a pathway for marine species invasions to the Hawaiian Islands. Biofouling, v. 19, p. 123-131, 2003. Supplement.
GODWIN, L. S. Maritime activities as a mechanism for introducing marine alien species: issues and management. IN: GODWIN, L. S. (Ed.) Hull fouling as a mechanism for marine invasive species introductions. Bishop Mus. Tech. Rep., 28:1-5. 2005.
GODWIN, L. S.; ELDREDGE, L. G. 2001. South Oahu marine invasions shipping study. Honolulu: Bishop Mus. Tech. Rep., 20:43 p.
GOLLASCH, S. The importance of ship hull fouling as a vector of species introductions into the North Sea. Biofouling, v. 18, n. 2, p. 105-121, 2002.
HEWITT, C. L. et al. Introduced and cryptogenic species in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. Mar. Biol., v. 144, p. 183-202, 2004.
NEVES, C. S.; ROCHA, R. M. Bioinvasão mediada por embarcações de recreio na Baía de Paranaguá, PR e suas implicações para conservação. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO SOBRE ESPÉCIES EXÓTICAS INVASORAS, 1., 2005, Brasília. Anais... Brasília: MMA, IBAMA, 2005. v. 1.
PORT OF RECIFE. Informativos estatísticos. Recife, Agência Nacional de Transportes Aquaviários. Disponível em: <http://www.portodorecife.pe.gov.br>. Acesso em: 13 May 2006. 2006.
RAY, G. L. Invasive estuarine and marine animals of the South Atlantic and Puerto Rico. ANSRP, Tech. Notes, v. 5, n. 5, p. 1-14, 2005.
RUIZ, G. M. et al Global invasions of marine and estuarine habitats by non-indigenous species: mechanisms, extent, and consequences. Am. Zool., v. 37, p. 621-632, 1997.
RUIZ, G. M. et al. Global spread of microorganisms by ships. Nature, v. 408, p. 49-50, 2000.
RUSSEL, B. C.; NEIL, K.; HILLIARD, R. Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve and Cartier Island Marine Reserve marine and terrestrial introduced species prevention and management strategy Canberra: Department of Environment and Heritage, 2004. 18 p.
SKERMAN, T. M. Ship-fouling in New Zealand Waters: A survey of marine fouling organisms from vessels of the coastal and overseas trades. N. Z. Jl. Sci., v. 3, n. 4, p. 620-648, 1960.
SOUZA, J. R. B.; ROCHA, C. M. C.; LIMA, M. P. R. Ocorrência do bivalve exótico Mytilopsis leucophaeta (Conrad) (Mollusca, Bivalvia), no Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool., v. 22, n. 4, p. 1204-1206, 2005.
TAVARES, M.; MENDONÇA JR, J. B. Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) (Brachyura, Portunidae), eighth nonindigenous marine decapod recorded from Brazil. Crustacean Res., v. 25, p. 151-157, 1996.
TORCHIN, M. E.; LAFFERTY, K. D.; KURIS, A. M. Release from parasites as natural enemies: increased performance of a globally introduced marine crab. Biol. Invasions, v. 3, p. 333-345, 2001.
TORCHIN, M. E. et al. Introduced marine species and their missing parasites. Nature, v. 421, p. 628-630, 2003.
VAN SYOC, R. I. Living and fossil populations of a Western Atlantic barnacle, Balanus subalbidus Henry, 1974, in the Gulf of California region. Proc. San Diego Soc. Natl. Hist, n. 12, p. 1-7, 1992.
WASSON, K. et al. Biological invasions of estuaries without international shipping: the importance of intraregional transport. Biol. Conserv., v. 102, n. 2, p. 143-153, 2001.
WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION. Marine fouling and its prevention Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, 1952. 338 p.
YOUNG, P. S. The Balanoidea (Cirripedia) from the Brazilian coast. Bolm. Mus. Nac., série Zoologia, v. 356, p. 1-36, 1994.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
06 Nov 2007
Date of issue
Sept 2007

History

Accepted
08 May 2007
Received
09 June 2006
Reviewed
06 Oct 2006

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] BAKER, P.; BAKER, S. M.; FAJANS, J. Nonindigenous marine species in the greater Tampa Bay ecosystem. Tampa Bay Estuary Program Tech. Publ., n. 02-04, 2004.

[2] BOULTON, L. H.; POWELL, C. A.; HUDSON, W. B. Aspects of biofouling and corrosion on ship hulls clad with copper-nickel. In: ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE AUSTRALASIAN CORROSION ASSOCIATION, CORROSION AND PREVENTION 99, 1999, Sydney. Proceedings… Sydney: the Australasian Corrosion Association., 1999. p 1-9.

[3] CARLTON, J. T. Patterns of transoceanic marine biological invasions in the Pacific Ocean. Bull. Mar. Sci., v. 41, p. 452-465, 1987.

[4] CARLTON, J. T.; GELLER, J. B. Ecological roulette: biological invasions and the global transport of non-indigenous marine organisms. Science, v. 261, p. 78-82, 1993.

[5] CLARKE, A. Natural ways to banish barnacles. New Scient., v. 18, p. 38-41, 1995.

[6] CLARKE, C. et al. Ballast water risk assessment, Port of Sepetiba, Federal Republic of Brazil London: IMO, 2004. 99 p.

[7] COELHO, P. A.; SANTOS, M. C. F. Ocorrência de Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) no litoral de Pernambuco. Bolm Téc.-Cient. CEPENE, v. 11, n. 1, p. 167-173, 2003.

[8] COLES, S. L.; DEFELICE, R. C.; ELDREDGE, L. G. Nonindigenous marine species introductions in the harbors of the South and West shores of Oahu, Hawaii. Bishop Mus. Tech. Rep., v. 15, p. 1-228, 1999.

[9] COUTTS, A. D. M.; TAYLOR, M. D. A preliminary investigation of biosecurity risks associated with biofouling on merchant vessels in New Zealand. New Zealand J. Mar. Freshw. Res., v. 38, n. 2, p. 215-229, 2004.

[10] COUTTS, A. D. M.; TAYLOR, M. D. Biofouling on merchant vessels in New Zealand. In: GODWIN, L. S. ed. Hull fouling as a mechanism for marine invasive species introductions Bishop Mus. Tech. Rep., 28: 14-21. 2005.

[11] DEFELICE, R. C.; ELDREDGE, L. G.; CARLTON, J. T. Nonindigenous invertebrates. In: ELDREDGE, L. G.; SMITH, C. M. A guidebook of introduced marine species in Hawaii Bishop Mus. Tech. Rep., 21:70 p. 2001.

[12] EDWARDS, A.; LUBBOCK, R. Marine zoogeography of Saint Paul's Rocks. J. Biogeogr., v. 10, n. 65-72, 1983.

[13] ENO, N. C.; CLARK, R. A.; SANDERSON, W. G. (Ed.). Non-native marine species in British waters: a review and directory. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee, 1997. 136 p.

[14] FLOERL, O. Factors that influence hull fouling on ocean-going vessels. In: Godwin, L. S. ed. Hull fouling as a mechanism for marine invasive species introductions Bishop Mus. Tech. Rep., 28:6-13. 2005.

[15] FOSTER, B. A.; WILLAN, R. C. Foreign barnacles transported to New Zealand on an oil platform. New Zealand J. Mar. Fresh. Res., v. 13, n. 1, p. 143-149, 1979.

[16] GODWIN, L. S. Hull fouling of maritime vessels as a pathway for marine species invasions to the Hawaiian Islands. Biofouling, v. 19, p. 123-131, 2003. Supplement.

[17] GODWIN, L. S. Maritime activities as a mechanism for introducing marine alien species: issues and management. IN: GODWIN, L. S. (Ed.) Hull fouling as a mechanism for marine invasive species introductions. Bishop Mus. Tech. Rep., 28:1-5. 2005.

[18] GODWIN, L. S.; ELDREDGE, L. G. 2001. South Oahu marine invasions shipping study. Honolulu: Bishop Mus. Tech. Rep., 20:43 p.

[19] GOLLASCH, S. The importance of ship hull fouling as a vector of species introductions into the North Sea. Biofouling, v. 18, n. 2, p. 105-121, 2002.

[20] HEWITT, C. L. et al. Introduced and cryptogenic species in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. Mar. Biol., v. 144, p. 183-202, 2004.

[21] NEVES, C. S.; ROCHA, R. M. Bioinvasão mediada por embarcações de recreio na Baía de Paranaguá, PR e suas implicações para conservação. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO SOBRE ESPÉCIES EXÓTICAS INVASORAS, 1., 2005, Brasília. Anais... Brasília: MMA, IBAMA, 2005. v. 1.

[22] PORT OF RECIFE. Informativos estatísticos. Recife, Agência Nacional de Transportes Aquaviários. Disponível em: <http://www.portodorecife.pe.gov.br>. Acesso em: 13 May 2006. 2006.

[23] RAY, G. L. Invasive estuarine and marine animals of the South Atlantic and Puerto Rico. ANSRP, Tech. Notes, v. 5, n. 5, p. 1-14, 2005.

[24] RUIZ, G. M. et al Global invasions of marine and estuarine habitats by non-indigenous species: mechanisms, extent, and consequences. Am. Zool., v. 37, p. 621-632, 1997.

[25] RUIZ, G. M. et al. Global spread of microorganisms by ships. Nature, v. 408, p. 49-50, 2000.

[26] RUSSEL, B. C.; NEIL, K.; HILLIARD, R. Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve and Cartier Island Marine Reserve marine and terrestrial introduced species prevention and management strategy Canberra: Department of Environment and Heritage, 2004. 18 p.

[27] SKERMAN, T. M. Ship-fouling in New Zealand Waters: A survey of marine fouling organisms from vessels of the coastal and overseas trades. N. Z. Jl. Sci., v. 3, n. 4, p. 620-648, 1960.

[28] SOUZA, J. R. B.; ROCHA, C. M. C.; LIMA, M. P. R. Ocorrência do bivalve exótico Mytilopsis leucophaeta (Conrad) (Mollusca, Bivalvia), no Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool., v. 22, n. 4, p. 1204-1206, 2005.

[29] TAVARES, M.; MENDONÇA JR, J. B. Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) (Brachyura, Portunidae), eighth nonindigenous marine decapod recorded from Brazil. Crustacean Res., v. 25, p. 151-157, 1996.

[30] TORCHIN, M. E.; LAFFERTY, K. D.; KURIS, A. M. Release from parasites as natural enemies: increased performance of a globally introduced marine crab. Biol. Invasions, v. 3, p. 333-345, 2001.

[31] TORCHIN, M. E. et al. Introduced marine species and their missing parasites. Nature, v. 421, p. 628-630, 2003.

[32] VAN SYOC, R. I. Living and fossil populations of a Western Atlantic barnacle, Balanus subalbidus Henry, 1974, in the Gulf of California region. Proc. San Diego Soc. Natl. Hist, n. 12, p. 1-7, 1992.

[33] WASSON, K. et al. Biological invasions of estuaries without international shipping: the importance of intraregional transport. Biol. Conserv., v. 102, n. 2, p. 143-153, 2001.

[34] WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION. Marine fouling and its prevention Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, 1952. 338 p.

[35] YOUNG, P. S. The Balanoidea (Cirripedia) from the Brazilian coast. Bolm. Mus. Nac., série Zoologia, v. 356, p. 1-36, 1994.