Combined effect of body weight, temperature and salinity on shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei oxygen consumption rate

Bett, Crislei; Vinatea, Luis

Abstracts

Aiming to optimize the calculations of mechanical aeration requirements in Litopenaeus vannamei marine shrimp cultures, oxygen consumption was quantified in combined conditions of temperature (20, 25 and 30ºC) and salinity (1, 13, 25 and 37 ‰) at three body weights (2, 6 and 12 g) for juvenile L. vannamei. To measure oxygen consumption, shrimps were placed in a semi-open respirometry system. Results demonstrate that temperature, salinity, shrimp size and the interaction of these parameters significantly influence the specific oxygen consumption (mg O2 g-1 h-1). The 2-g shrimp perhaps suffered osmotic stress and consumed more oxygen at salinity 37 ‰, whereas 6 and 12-g shrimp suffered such stress at salinity 1 ‰. At 25 and 30ºC oxygen consumption was more stable at salinities 13 and 25 ‰ for all groups. At 20ºC and salinity below 25 ‰ oxygen consumption was higher, possibly due to the reduced hyperosmoregulatory ability in lower temperatures. The resulting regression equations allowed the calculation of L. vannamei shrimp oxygen consumption at the temperatures, salinities and sizes tested in this study. The equations can be used for the estimation of the environmental capacity and also the mechanical aeration requirements to secure ideal levels of oxygen in L. vannamei culture systems.

Oxygen consumption; Temperature; Salinity; Litopenaeus vannamei

Com o objetivo de aperfeiçoar os cálculos a cerca da necessidade de aeração mecânica em sistemas de cultivo de camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei, foi quantificado o consumo de oxigênio em condições combinadas de temperaturas (20, 25 e 30ºC) e salinidades (1, 13, 25 e 37 ‰) para juvenis de L. vannamei com três tamanhos diferentes (2, 6 e 12 g). Para medir o consumo de oxigênio por animal foi utilizado um sistema de respirometria do tipo semi-aberto. Os resultados evidenciaram que a temperatura, salinidade, peso do animal e a interação dos três fatores influenciam significativamente o consumo de oxigênio específico (mg O2 g-1 h-1). Animais menores (2 g) possivelmente sofreram estresse osmótico com maior consumo de oxigênio em salinidades de 37 ‰, enquanto que em animais maiores (6 e 12 g) este estresse foi observado em 1 ‰. Em temperaturas de 25 e 30ºC o consumo apresentou-se mais estável em 13 e 25 ‰ em todos tamanhos analisados, sendo que em 20ºC o consumo abaixo de 25 ‰ foi maior, possivelmente devido ao comprometimento da capacidade hiperosmorregulatória em baixas temperaturas. Com base nos resultados encontrados, foram obtidas equações de regressão que permitem calcular o consumo de oxigênio de L. vannamei para as diferentes combinações de temperaturas, salinidades e tamanhos avaliados neste trabalho. Estas equações podem ser empregadas em cálculos de capacidade suporte dos ambientes de cultivo, bem como em cálculos a cerca da quantidade de aeração mecânica necessária para manutenção de valores ideais de oxigênio dissolvido nos sistemas de produção de L. vannamei.

Consumo de oxigênio; Temperatura; Salinidade; Litopenaeus vannamei

AQUACOP. Review of ten years of experimental Penaeid shrimp culture in Tahiti and New Caledonia (South Pacific). J. Wld Maricult. Soc., v. 15, p. 73-91, 1984.
BOYD, C. E. Aeration of shrimp ponds. In: AKIYAMA, D. (Ed.). SOUTHEAST ASIA SHRIMP FARM MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP, 1989. Proc ... Singapore, 1989, p. 134-140.
BOYD, C. E. Water quality in ponds for aquaculture Auburn University. Birmingham: AL., Auburn University Publ. Co., 1990. 482 p.
BOYD, C. E.; TUCKER, C. S. Pond aquaculture water quality management Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998. 700 p.
BOYD, C. E.; WATTEN, B. Aeration systems in aquaculture. Rev. aquat. Sci. v. 1, n.3, p. 425-472, 1989.
BROWDY, C.; BRATVOLD, D.; STOKES, A.; MCINTOSH, R. Perspectives on the application of closed shrimp culture systems. In: BROWDY, C.; JORY, D. (Ed.). The New Wave. SPECIAL SESSION ON SUSTAINABLE SHRIMP CULTURE, AQUACULTURE, Baton Rouge, 2001. Proc ... The Wld Aquacult. Soc., 2001. p. 20-34.
BURFORD, M.; THOMPSON, P.; MCINTOSH, R.; BAUMAN, R.; PEARSON, D. Nutrient and microbial dynamics in high-intensity, zero-exchange shrimp ponds in Belize. Aquaculture, v. 219, p. 393-411, 2003.
CASTILLE JR., F. L.; LAWRENCE, A. L. The effect of salinity on the osmotic, sodium and chloride concentrations in the hemolymph of euryhaline shrimp of the genus Penaeus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. v. 68A, p. 75-80, 1981.
CAVALLI, R.; WASIELESKY, W.; PEIXOTO, S. Carcinicultura marinha em cercados. In: BARROSO, G.; POERSCH, L.; CAVALLI, R. (Org.). Sistemas de cultivos aquicolas na zona costeira do Brasil: recursos, tecnologias, aspectos ambientais e sócio-econômicos. Rio de Janeiro: Museu Nacional, p. 27-38. 2007.
CECH, J. J. Respirometry. In: SCHRECK, C. B.; MOYLE, P. B. (Ed.). Methods for fish Biology. Maryland: American Fisheries Society, 1990. p. 335-362.
DE SCHRYVER, P.; CRAB, R.; DEFOIRDT, T., BOON, N.; VERSTRAETE, W. The basic of bio-flocs technology: The added value for aquaculture. Aquaculture, v. 277, p. 125-137, 2008.
FAST, A. W.; BOYD, C. E. Water circulation, aeration and other management practices. In: FAST, A. W; LESTER, L. J. (Ed.). Marine shrimp culture: Principles and practices. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1992. p. 457-495.
FAST, A. W.; LANNAN, J. E. Pond dynamic processes. In: FAST, A. W. and LESTER, L. J. (Ed.). Marine shrimp culture: Principles and practices. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1992. p. 431-456.
GASGA-LEYVA, J.F.E.; MARTINEZ-PALACIOS, C.A.; ROSS, L.G. The respiratory requirements of Macrobrachium acanthurus (Weigman) at different temperatures and salinities. Aquaculture v. 93, p 191-197, 1991.
GILLES, R.; PEQUEUX, A. Interactions of chemical and osmotic regulation with the environment. In: VERNBERG, F.J; VERNBERG, W. B. (Ed.). The Biology of Crustacea: Environmental adaptations. New York: Academic Press, 1983. p. 109-177.
HARGREAVES, J. Photosynthetic suspended-growth systems in aquaculture. Aquacult. Engng, v. 34, p. 344-363, 2006.
JIANG, L.X.; PAN, L.Q.; FANG, B.O. Effect of dissolved oxygen on immune parameters of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Fish Shellfish Immunol., v. 18, n. 2, p.185-188, 2005.
LEMAIRE, P.; BERNARD, E.; MARTINEZ-PAZ, J. A.; CHIM, L. Combined effect of temperature and salinity on osmoregulation of juvenile and subadult Penaeus stylirostris Aquaculture, v. 209, p. 307-317, 2002.
LEMOS, D.; PHAN, V.N.; ALVAREZ, G. Growth, oxygen consumption, ammonia-N excretion, biochemical composition and energy content of Farfantepenaeus paulensis Pérez-Farfante (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) early postlarvae in differente salinities. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, v. 261, p. 55-74, 2001.
LIN, SC.; LOU, CH.; CHENG, JH. The role of antennal glands in ion and body volume regulation of cannulated Penaeus monodon reared in various salinity conditions. Comp. Biochem. Physiol, Part A, v. 127, p. 121-129, 2000.
MCGRAW, W. J.; SCARPA, J. Mortality of freshwater-acclimated Litopenaeus vannamei associated with acclimation rate, habituation period, and ionic challenge. Aquaculture, v. 236, p. 285-296, 2004.
MCGRAW, W. J.; DAVIS, D. A.; TEICHERT-CODDINGTON, D.; ROUSE, D. B. Acclimation of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae to low salinity: Influence of age, salinity endpoint, and rate of salinity reduction. J. Wld Aquacult. Soc, v. 33, n. 1, p. 78-84, 2002.
MANTEL, L. H.; FARMER, L. L. Osmotic and ionic regulation. In: MANTEL, L. H. (Ed.), The Biology of Crustacea: Internal Anatomy and Physiological Regulation. New York: Academic Press, 1983. p. 53-161.
MARTINEZ-PALACIOS, C. A.; ROSS, L. G.; VALENZUELA, L. J. The effects of temperature and body weight on the oxygen consumption of Penaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931. J. Aqua. Trop, v. 11, p. 59-65, 1996.
MUGNIER, C.; SOYEZ, C. Response of blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris to temperature decrease and hypoxia in relation to molt stage. Aquaculture, v. 244, p. 315-322, 2005.
PALACIOS, E.; BONILLA, A.; LUNA, D.; RACOTTA, I. Survival, Na⁺/K+^-ATPase and lipid responses to salinity challenge in fed and starved white pacific shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae, Aquaculture, v. 234, p. 497-511, 2004.
PONCE-PALAFOX, J.; MATINEZ-PALACIOS, C. A.; ROSS, L. G. The effects of salinity and temperature on the growth and survival rates of juvenile white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931. Aquaculture, v. 157, p. 107-115, 1997.
RANDALL, D.; BURGGREN, W.; FRENCH, K. Fisiologia Animal: Mecanismos e adaptações. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 1997. 729 p.
ROSAS, C.; MARTINEZ, E.; GAXIOLA, G.; BRITO, R.; SÁNCHEZ, A.; SOTO, L.A. The effect of dissolved oxygen and salinity on oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and osmotic pressure of Penaeus setiferus (Linnaeus) juveniles. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol v. 234, p. 41-57, 1999.
SALVATO, B.; CUOMO, V.; DI MURO, P.; BELTRAMI, M. Effects of environmental parameters on the oxygen consumption of four marine invertebrates: a comparative factorial study. Mar. Biol., v. 138, p. 659-668, 2001.
SANTA, K. D.; VINATEA, L. Evaluation of respiration rates and mechanical aeration requirements in semi-intensive shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei culture in ponds. Aquacult. Engng, v. 36, p. 73-80, 2007.
SCHMIDT-NIELSEN, K. Fisiologia animal: Adaptação e meio ambiente. São Paulo: Ed. Livr. Santos, 1999. 600 p.
SETIARTO, A.; STRÜSSMANN, C. A.; TAKASHIMA, F.; WATANABE, S.; YOKOTA, M. Short-term responses of adult kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate) to environmental salinity: osmotic regulation, oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion. Aquacult. Res., v. 35, p. 669-677, 2004.
SPANOPOULOS-HERNÁNDEZ, M.; MARTINEZ-PALACIOS, C. A.; VANEGAS-PÉREZ, R. C.; ROSAS, C.; ROSS. L. G. The combined effects of salinity and temperature on the oxygen consumption of juvenile shrimps Litopenaeus stylirostris (Stimpson, 1874). Aquaculture, v. 244, p. 341-348, 2005.
TIAN, X.; DONG, S.; WANG, F.; WU, l. The effects of temperature changes on the oxygen consumption of juvenile Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis Osbeck. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., v. 310, p. 59-72, 2004.
TSUZUKI, M. Y.; CAVALLI, R. O. The effects of temperature, age, and acclimation to salinity on the survival of Farfantepenaeus paulensis postlarvae. J. Wld Aquacult. Soc., v. 31, n. 3, p. 459-468, 2000.
VARGAS-ALBORES, F.; OCHOA, J. L. Variation of pH, osmolality, sodium e potassium concentrations in the haemolymph of sub-adult blue shrimp (Penaeus stylirostris) according to size. Comp. Biochem. Physiol, v. 102A, n. 1, p. 1-5, 1992.
VERNBERG, F.J. Respiratory adaptations. In: VERNBERG, F.J; VERNBERG, W. B. (Ed.). The Biology of Crustacea: Environmental adaptations. New York: Academic Press, p. 1-42. 1983.
VILLARREAL, H.; HINOJOSA, P.; NARANJO, J. Effect of temperature and salinity on the oxygen consumption of laboratory produced Penaeus vannamei postlarvae. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. v. 108A, p. 331-336, 1994.
VILLARREAL, H.; HERNADEZ-LHAMAS, A.; HEWITT, R. Effect of salinity on growth, survival and oxygen consumptiom of juvenile brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes). Aquacult. Res., v. 34, p. 187-193, 2003.
VINATEA, L. A. Princípios químicos da qualidade da água em Aqüicultura Florianopolis: Ed. UFSC, 1997. 166 p.
VINATEA, L.; CARVALHO, J. Influence of water salinity on the SOTR of paddlewheel and propeller-aspirator-pump aerators, its relation to the number of aerators per hectare and electricity costs. Aquacult. Engng., v. 37, p. 73-78, 2007.
WYBAN, J.; SWEENEY, J. Intensive shrimp production technology Hawai: The Oceanic Institute, 1991.
YAGI, H.; CECCALDI, H.J.; GAUDY, R. Combined influence of temperature and salinity on oxygen consumption of the larvae of the pink shrimp, Palaemon serratus (Pennant) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae). Aquaculture, v. 86, p. 77-92, 1990.
ZAR, J. H. Biostatistical analysis New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1996.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
15 Jan 2010
Date of issue
Dec 2009

History

Reviewed
11 May 2009
Received
30 Sept 2008
Accepted
01 Aug 2009

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] AQUACOP. Review of ten years of experimental Penaeid shrimp culture in Tahiti and New Caledonia (South Pacific). J. Wld Maricult. Soc., v. 15, p. 73-91, 1984.

[2] BOYD, C. E. Aeration of shrimp ponds. In: AKIYAMA, D. (Ed.). SOUTHEAST ASIA SHRIMP FARM MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP, 1989. Proc ... Singapore, 1989, p. 134-140.

[3] BOYD, C. E. Water quality in ponds for aquaculture Auburn University. Birmingham: AL., Auburn University Publ. Co., 1990. 482 p.

[4] BOYD, C. E.; TUCKER, C. S. Pond aquaculture water quality management Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998. 700 p.

[5] BOYD, C. E.; WATTEN, B. Aeration systems in aquaculture. Rev. aquat. Sci. v. 1, n.3, p. 425-472, 1989.

[6] BROWDY, C.; BRATVOLD, D.; STOKES, A.; MCINTOSH, R. Perspectives on the application of closed shrimp culture systems. In: BROWDY, C.; JORY, D. (Ed.). The New Wave. SPECIAL SESSION ON SUSTAINABLE SHRIMP CULTURE, AQUACULTURE, Baton Rouge, 2001. Proc ... The Wld Aquacult. Soc., 2001. p. 20-34.

[7] BURFORD, M.; THOMPSON, P.; MCINTOSH, R.; BAUMAN, R.; PEARSON, D. Nutrient and microbial dynamics in high-intensity, zero-exchange shrimp ponds in Belize. Aquaculture, v. 219, p. 393-411, 2003.

[8] CASTILLE JR., F. L.; LAWRENCE, A. L. The effect of salinity on the osmotic, sodium and chloride concentrations in the hemolymph of euryhaline shrimp of the genus Penaeus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. v. 68A, p. 75-80, 1981.

[9] CAVALLI, R.; WASIELESKY, W.; PEIXOTO, S. Carcinicultura marinha em cercados. In: BARROSO, G.; POERSCH, L.; CAVALLI, R. (Org.). Sistemas de cultivos aquicolas na zona costeira do Brasil: recursos, tecnologias, aspectos ambientais e sócio-econômicos. Rio de Janeiro: Museu Nacional, p. 27-38. 2007.

[10] CECH, J. J. Respirometry. In: SCHRECK, C. B.; MOYLE, P. B. (Ed.). Methods for fish Biology. Maryland: American Fisheries Society, 1990. p. 335-362.

[11] DE SCHRYVER, P.; CRAB, R.; DEFOIRDT, T., BOON, N.; VERSTRAETE, W. The basic of bio-flocs technology: The added value for aquaculture. Aquaculture, v. 277, p. 125-137, 2008.

[12] FAST, A. W.; BOYD, C. E. Water circulation, aeration and other management practices. In: FAST, A. W; LESTER, L. J. (Ed.). Marine shrimp culture: Principles and practices. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1992. p. 457-495.

[13] FAST, A. W.; LANNAN, J. E. Pond dynamic processes. In: FAST, A. W. and LESTER, L. J. (Ed.). Marine shrimp culture: Principles and practices. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1992. p. 431-456.

[14] GASGA-LEYVA, J.F.E.; MARTINEZ-PALACIOS, C.A.; ROSS, L.G. The respiratory requirements of Macrobrachium acanthurus (Weigman) at different temperatures and salinities. Aquaculture v. 93, p 191-197, 1991.

[15] GILLES, R.; PEQUEUX, A. Interactions of chemical and osmotic regulation with the environment. In: VERNBERG, F.J; VERNBERG, W. B. (Ed.). The Biology of Crustacea: Environmental adaptations. New York: Academic Press, 1983. p. 109-177.

[16] HARGREAVES, J. Photosynthetic suspended-growth systems in aquaculture. Aquacult. Engng, v. 34, p. 344-363, 2006.

[17] JIANG, L.X.; PAN, L.Q.; FANG, B.O. Effect of dissolved oxygen on immune parameters of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Fish Shellfish Immunol., v. 18, n. 2, p.185-188, 2005.

[18] LEMAIRE, P.; BERNARD, E.; MARTINEZ-PAZ, J. A.; CHIM, L. Combined effect of temperature and salinity on osmoregulation of juvenile and subadult Penaeus stylirostris Aquaculture, v. 209, p. 307-317, 2002.

[19] LEMOS, D.; PHAN, V.N.; ALVAREZ, G. Growth, oxygen consumption, ammonia-N excretion, biochemical composition and energy content of Farfantepenaeus paulensis Pérez-Farfante (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) early postlarvae in differente salinities. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, v. 261, p. 55-74, 2001.

[20] LIN, SC.; LOU, CH.; CHENG, JH. The role of antennal glands in ion and body volume regulation of cannulated Penaeus monodon reared in various salinity conditions. Comp. Biochem. Physiol, Part A, v. 127, p. 121-129, 2000.

[21] MCGRAW, W. J.; SCARPA, J. Mortality of freshwater-acclimated Litopenaeus vannamei associated with acclimation rate, habituation period, and ionic challenge. Aquaculture, v. 236, p. 285-296, 2004.

[22] MCGRAW, W. J.; DAVIS, D. A.; TEICHERT-CODDINGTON, D.; ROUSE, D. B. Acclimation of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae to low salinity: Influence of age, salinity endpoint, and rate of salinity reduction. J. Wld Aquacult. Soc, v. 33, n. 1, p. 78-84, 2002.

[23] MANTEL, L. H.; FARMER, L. L. Osmotic and ionic regulation. In: MANTEL, L. H. (Ed.), The Biology of Crustacea: Internal Anatomy and Physiological Regulation. New York: Academic Press, 1983. p. 53-161.

[24] MARTINEZ-PALACIOS, C. A.; ROSS, L. G.; VALENZUELA, L. J. The effects of temperature and body weight on the oxygen consumption of Penaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931. J. Aqua. Trop, v. 11, p. 59-65, 1996.

[25] MUGNIER, C.; SOYEZ, C. Response of blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris to temperature decrease and hypoxia in relation to molt stage. Aquaculture, v. 244, p. 315-322, 2005.

[26] PALACIOS, E.; BONILLA, A.; LUNA, D.; RACOTTA, I. Survival, Na⁺/K+^-ATPase and lipid responses to salinity challenge in fed and starved white pacific shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae, Aquaculture, v. 234, p. 497-511, 2004.

[27] PONCE-PALAFOX, J.; MATINEZ-PALACIOS, C. A.; ROSS, L. G. The effects of salinity and temperature on the growth and survival rates of juvenile white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931. Aquaculture, v. 157, p. 107-115, 1997.

[28] RANDALL, D.; BURGGREN, W.; FRENCH, K. Fisiologia Animal: Mecanismos e adaptações. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 1997. 729 p.

[29] ROSAS, C.; MARTINEZ, E.; GAXIOLA, G.; BRITO, R.; SÁNCHEZ, A.; SOTO, L.A. The effect of dissolved oxygen and salinity on oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and osmotic pressure of Penaeus setiferus (Linnaeus) juveniles. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol v. 234, p. 41-57, 1999.

[30] SALVATO, B.; CUOMO, V.; DI MURO, P.; BELTRAMI, M. Effects of environmental parameters on the oxygen consumption of four marine invertebrates: a comparative factorial study. Mar. Biol., v. 138, p. 659-668, 2001.

[31] SANTA, K. D.; VINATEA, L. Evaluation of respiration rates and mechanical aeration requirements in semi-intensive shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei culture in ponds. Aquacult. Engng, v. 36, p. 73-80, 2007.

[32] SCHMIDT-NIELSEN, K. Fisiologia animal: Adaptação e meio ambiente. São Paulo: Ed. Livr. Santos, 1999. 600 p.

[33] SETIARTO, A.; STRÜSSMANN, C. A.; TAKASHIMA, F.; WATANABE, S.; YOKOTA, M. Short-term responses of adult kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate) to environmental salinity: osmotic regulation, oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion. Aquacult. Res., v. 35, p. 669-677, 2004.

[34] SPANOPOULOS-HERNÁNDEZ, M.; MARTINEZ-PALACIOS, C. A.; VANEGAS-PÉREZ, R. C.; ROSAS, C.; ROSS. L. G. The combined effects of salinity and temperature on the oxygen consumption of juvenile shrimps Litopenaeus stylirostris (Stimpson, 1874). Aquaculture, v. 244, p. 341-348, 2005.

[35] TIAN, X.; DONG, S.; WANG, F.; WU, l. The effects of temperature changes on the oxygen consumption of juvenile Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis Osbeck. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., v. 310, p. 59-72, 2004.

[36] TSUZUKI, M. Y.; CAVALLI, R. O. The effects of temperature, age, and acclimation to salinity on the survival of Farfantepenaeus paulensis postlarvae. J. Wld Aquacult. Soc., v. 31, n. 3, p. 459-468, 2000.

[37] VARGAS-ALBORES, F.; OCHOA, J. L. Variation of pH, osmolality, sodium e potassium concentrations in the haemolymph of sub-adult blue shrimp (Penaeus stylirostris) according to size. Comp. Biochem. Physiol, v. 102A, n. 1, p. 1-5, 1992.

[38] VERNBERG, F.J. Respiratory adaptations. In: VERNBERG, F.J; VERNBERG, W. B. (Ed.). The Biology of Crustacea: Environmental adaptations. New York: Academic Press, p. 1-42. 1983.

[39] VILLARREAL, H.; HINOJOSA, P.; NARANJO, J. Effect of temperature and salinity on the oxygen consumption of laboratory produced Penaeus vannamei postlarvae. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. v. 108A, p. 331-336, 1994.

[40] VILLARREAL, H.; HERNADEZ-LHAMAS, A.; HEWITT, R. Effect of salinity on growth, survival and oxygen consumptiom of juvenile brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes). Aquacult. Res., v. 34, p. 187-193, 2003.

[41] VINATEA, L. A. Princípios químicos da qualidade da água em Aqüicultura Florianopolis: Ed. UFSC, 1997. 166 p.

[42] VINATEA, L.; CARVALHO, J. Influence of water salinity on the SOTR of paddlewheel and propeller-aspirator-pump aerators, its relation to the number of aerators per hectare and electricity costs. Aquacult. Engng., v. 37, p. 73-78, 2007.

[43] WYBAN, J.; SWEENEY, J. Intensive shrimp production technology Hawai: The Oceanic Institute, 1991.

[44] YAGI, H.; CECCALDI, H.J.; GAUDY, R. Combined influence of temperature and salinity on oxygen consumption of the larvae of the pink shrimp, Palaemon serratus (Pennant) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae). Aquaculture, v. 86, p. 77-92, 1990.

[45] ZAR, J. H. Biostatistical analysis New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1996.

Brasil

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Combined effect of body weight, temperature and salinity on shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei oxygen consumption rate

Abstracts

Publication Dates

History