Temporal variation in vegetative development of Caulerpa scalpelliformis (Chlorophyta) from Baleia beach, Ilha Grande bay (Rio de janeiro, brazil)

Vasconcelos, Marcelo Augusto; Schubart, Carolina Leite Queiroga; Széchy, Maria Teresa Menezes de

Abstracts

Caulerpa scalpelliformis grows on rocky and sandy bottoms at different depths in Jacuacanga Cove, Ilha Grande Bay, where it can form dense patches. The invasive behavior of this and other species of Caulerpa is well documented in the literature. This study analyzed the variation of the vegetative development of C. scalpelliformis from Baleia Beach (23º01'63''S and 44º14'18''W) in Jacuacanga Cove, from June 2003 to September 2004, including plants from rocky and sandy substrates. Morphometric and dry weight data from the erect and prostrate portions were used. Plants were collected from 20 x 20 cm² plots (n=3), randomly positioned on the rocky boulders (≅1.5 m depth) and on contiguous sandy bottom (≅3.0 m depth). During the study period, C. scalpelliformis occurred on both substrates as a pseudo-perennial species, showing partial loss of the erect portions from winter to spring; the height and dry weight of the erect portions increased from summer to autumn on both substrates. The temporal variation of C. scalpelliformis vegetative development in Baleia Beach was similar to that described for the invasive C. racemosa and C. taxifolia from different geographical regions of the world.

Brazil; Caulerpales; Chlorophyta; invasive species; rocky shores; sandy bottom; temporal variation; vegetative development

Caulerpa scalpelliformis cresce sobre substrato rochoso e arenoso a diferentes profundidades na Enseada de Jacuacanga, Baía da Ilha Grande, onde pode formar bancos densos. O comportamento invasor desta e de outras espécies de Caulerpa é bem documentado na literatura. Este estudo analisou a variação do desenvolvimento vegetativo de C. scalpelliformis da Praia da Baleia (23º01'63''S e 44º14'18''W), Enseada de Jacuacanga, de junho de 2003 a setembro de 2004, considerando plantas do substrato rochoso e do fundo de areia. Dados morfométricos e de peso seco das porções prostrada e ereta foram usados. Plantas foram coletadas em quadrados de 20 cm de lado (n=3), posicionados aleatoriamente sobre o substrato rochoso (profundidade ≅ 1,5 m) e sobre o substrato arenoso (profundidade ≅ 3,0 m). Durante o período de estudo, C. scalpelliformis ocorreu nos dois substratos como espécie pseudo-perene, mostrando perda parcial das porções eretas do talo do inverno para a primavera; altura e massa seca das porções eretas mostraram tendência de aumento do verão para o outono nos dois substratos. A variação temporal do desenvolvimento vegetativo de C. scalpelliformis na Praia da Baleia foi similar à descrita para C. racemosa e C. taxifolia, espécies invasoras em diferentes regiões do mundo.

bioinvasão; Brasil; Caulerpales; Chlorophyta; costões rochosos; substrato arenoso; variação temporal; desenvolvimento vegetativo

Anderson, L. W. J. California's reaction to Caulerpa taxifolia: a model for invasive species rapid response. Biol. Invasions, v. 7, p 1003-1016, 2005.
Anderson, L. W. .J. Control of invasive seaweeds. Bot. mar, v. 50, p. 418-437, 2007.
Balata, D.; Piazzi, L.; Cinelli, F. A comparison among assemblages in areas invaded by Caulerpa taxifolia and Caulerpa racemosa on a subtidal Mediterranean rocky bottom. Mar. Ecol., v. 25, p. 1-13, 2004.
Bellan-Santini, D.; Arnaud, P. M.; Bellan, G.; Verlaque, M. The influence of the introduced tropical alga Caulerpa taxifolia on the biodiversity of the Mediterranean marine biota. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., v. 76, p. 235-237, 1996.
Boudouresque, C. F.; Meinesz, A.; Ribeira, M.; Ballestero, E. Spread of the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia (Caulerpales:Chlorophyta) in the Mediterranean: possible consequences of a major ecological event. Scient. Mar., v. 59, p. 21-29, 1995.
BurfNEId, D. D.; Udy, J. W. The effects of light and nutrients on Caulerpa taxifolia and growth. Aquatic Bot., v. 90, p. 105-109, 2009.
Capiomont, A.; Breugnot, E.; den Haan, M.; meinesz, a. Phenology of a deep-water population of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Bot. mar., v. 48, p. 80-83, 2005.
Cebrian, E.; Ballesteros, E. Temporal and spatial variability in shallow- and deep-water populations of the invasive Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea in the Western Mediterranean. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., v. 83, p. 469-474, 2009.
Ceccherelli, G.; Cinelli, F. The role of vegetative fragmentation in dispersal of the invasive alga Caulerpa taxifolia in the Mediterranean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., v.182, p 299-303, 1999.
Ceccherelli, G.; Piazzi, L.; Balata, D. Spread of introduced Caulerpa species in macroalgal habitats. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., v. 280, p. 1-11, 2002.
Chapman, V. J.; Chapman, D. J. Life forms in the Algae. Bot. mar., v. 19, p. 65-74, 1976.
Creed, J. C.; Oliveira, A. E. S.; Pires, D. O.; Figueiredo, M. A. O.; Ferreira, C. E. L.; Ventura, C. R. R. Brasil, A. C. S.; Young, P. S.; Absalão, R. S.; Paiva P. C.; Castro, C. B.; Serejo, C. S. RAP Ilha Grande - um levantamento da biodiversidade: histórico e conhecimento. In: CREED, J. C.; PIRES, D. O.; FIGUEIREDO, M. A. O. (Org.). Biodiversidade marinha da Baía da Ilha Grande Brasília: MMA/SBF. 2007. p. 41 - 64.
Davis, A. R.; Roberts, D. E.; Cummins, P. Rapid invasion of a sponge-dominated deep-reef by Caulerpa scalpelliformis (Chlorophyta) in Botany Bay, New South Wales. Austr. J. Ecol., v. 22, p. 146-150, 1997.
Ertan, Ö. O.; Turna, I. I.; Cormaci, M. A new record for the marine algal flora of Turkey: Caulerpa scalpelliformis (Brown ex Turner) C. Agardh (Caulerpaceae, Chlorophyceae). Trop. J. Bot., v. 22, p. 285-287, 1998.
Falcão, C.; Széchy, M. T. M. Changes in shallow phytobenthic assemblages in southeastern Brazil, following the replacement of Sargassum vulgare (Phaeophyta) by Caulerpa scalpelliformis. Bot. mar., v. 48, p. 208-217, 2005.
Figueiredo, M. A. O.; Tâmega, F. T. S. Macroalgas marinhas. In: CREED, J. C.; PIRES, D. O.; FIGUEIREDO, M. A. O. (Org.) Biodiversidade marinha da Baía da Ilha Grande Brasília: MMA/SBF.2007. p 153 - 180.
Friedlander, M.; Kosov, Y.; Keret, G.; Dawes, C. Production of rhizoids by Caulerpa prolifera in culture. Aquatic Bot., v . 85, p. 263-266, 2006.
Gacia, E.; Rodríguez-Prieto, C.; Delgado, O.; Ballesteros, E. Seasonal light and temperature responses of Caulerpa taxifolia from the northwestern Mediterranean. Aquatic Bot, vol. 53, p. 215-225, 1996.
GILLESPIE, R. D.; MEINESZ, A.; CRITCHLEY, A. T. Growth responses of Caulerpa taxifolia (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) from the South African aquarist trade. A potential invasive of South African coastal waters. S. Afr. J. Bot. , v. 63, p. 480-483, 1997.
Glasby, T .M.; Creese, R. G.; Gibson, P. T. Experimental use of salt to control the invasive marine alga Caulerpa taxifolia in New South Wales, Australia. Austr. Biol. Conserv., v. 122, p. 573-580, 2005.
Hewitt, C. L.; Campbell, M. L.; Schaffelke, B. Introductions of seaweeds: accidental pathways and mechanisms. Bot. mar., v. 50, p. 326-337, 2007.
Joly, A. B.; Cordeiro-Marino, M.; Yamaguishi-Tomita, N.; Ugadim, Y.; Oliveira F⁰, E.C. de; Ferreira, M. M. Additions to the marine flora of Brazil. Arq. Est. Biol. Mar. Univ. Ceará, v. 5, p. 65-79, 1965.
Khou, M.; Paul, N. A.; Wright, J. T.; Steinberg, P. D. Intrinsic factors influence the attachment of fragments of the green alga Caulerpa filiformis J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, v. 352, p. 331-342, 2007.
Klein, J.; Verlaque, M. The Caulerpa racemosa invasion: a critical review. Mar. Pollut. Bull., v. 56, p. 205-255, 2008.
Meinesz, A.; Hesse, B. Introduction et invasion de l'algue tropicale Caulerpa taxifolia em Méditerranée Nord-occidentale. Oceanol. Acta, v. 14, p. 415-426, 1991.
Meinesz. A.; de Vaugelas, J.; Hesse, B.; Mari, X. Spread of the introduced tropical green alga Caulerpa taxifolia in northern Mediterranean waters. J. appl Phycol., v. 5, p. 141-147, 1993.
Meinesz, A.; Benichou, L.; Blachier, J.; Komatsu, T.; Lemée, R.; Molenaar, H.; Mari, X. Variations in the structure, morphology and biomass of Caulerpa taxifolia in the Mediterranean Sea. Bot. mar., v. 38, p. 499-508, 1995.
Mitchell, G. J. P.; Nassar, C. A. G.; Maurat, M. C. S.; Falcão, C. Tipos de vegetação marinha da Baía do Espírito Santo sob influência da poluição. Espírito Santo, Brasil. Publ. ACIESP, v. 71, p. 202-214, 1990.
Modena, M.; Matricardi, G.; Vacchi, M.; Guidatti, P. Spreading of Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh (Bryopsidaceae, Chlorophyta) along the coasts of the Ligurian Sea. Cryptogam. Algol., v. 21, p. 301-304, 2000.
Nunes, J. M. de C. Catálogo de algas marinhas bentônicas do estado da Bahia, Brasil. Acta Bot. Malacitana, v. 23, p. 5-21, 1998.
OLIVEIRA, E. C. de; Silva, B. N. T. da; Amancio, C .E. Fitobentos (macroalgas). In: Lopes, R.M. (Ed.), Informe sobre as espécies exóticas invasoras marinhas, Brasília: MMA/SBF 2009. p 111 - 142.
Paula; A. F. de; Creed, J. C. Two species of the coral Tubastraea (Cnidaria, Scleractinia) in Brazil: a case of accidental introduction. Bull. mar. Sci, v. 74, p. 175-183, 2004.
Pereira, C. S. Metereologia. In: IKEDA, Y. (Coord.). Diagnóstico ambiental oceânico e costeiro das regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil v. 2. Rio de Janeiro: Petrobrás, 1994. P. 243-234.
Piazzi, l.; Balata, D. Invasion of alien macroalgae in different Mediterranean habitats. Biol. Invasions, v. 11, p. 193-204, 2009.
Piazzi, L.; Balata, D.; Ceccherelli, G.; Cinelli, F. Comparative study of the growth of the two co-occurring introduced green algae Caulerpa taxifolia and Caulerpa racemosa along the Tuscan coast (Italy, western Mediterranean). Cryptogam. Algol., v. 22, p. 459-466, 2001.
Ruitton, S.; Verlaque, M.; Boudouresque, C. F. Seasonal changes of the introduced Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) at the northwest limit of its Mediterranean range. Aquatic Bot., v. 82, p. 55-70, 2005.
SANTELICES, B. Water movement and seasonal algal growth in Hawaii. Mar. Biol., v. 43, p. 225-235, 1977.
SMITH, C. M.; WALTERS, L. J. Fragmentation as a strategy for Caulerpa species: fates of fragments and implications for management of an invasive weed. Mar. Ecol., v. 20, p. 307-319, 1999.
Thibaut, T.; Meinesz, A.; Coquillard, P. Biomass seasonality of Caulerpa taxifolia in the Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Bot., v. 80, p. 291-297, 2004.
Valentine, J. P.; Magierowski, R. H.; Johnson, C. R. Mechanisms of invasion: establishment, spread and persistence of introduced seaweed populations. Bot. mar., v. 50, p. 351-360, 2007.
VERLAQUE, M. Inventaire des plantes introduites en Méditerranée: origines et répercussions sur l'environnement et les activités humaines. Oceanol. Acta, v. 17, p. 1-23, 1994.
Villèle, X.; Verlaque, M. Changes and degradation in a Posidonia oceanica bed invaded by the introduced tropical alga Caulerpa taxifolia in the North western Mediterranean. Bot. mar., v. 38, p. 79-87, 1995.
West, E. J.; Davis, A. R.; Barnes, P. B.; Wright, J. T. The role of recreational activities in creating fragments of invasive Caulerpa taxifolia J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., v. 376, p. 17-25, 2009.
West, E. J.; West, R. J. Growth and survival of the invasive alga, Caulerpa taxifolia, in different salinities and temperatures: implications for coastal lake management. Hydrobiologia, v. 577, p. 87-94, 2007.
WILLIAMS, S. L.; GROSHOLZ, E. D. Preliminary reports from the Caulerpa taxifolia invasion in southern California. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., v. 233, p. 307-310, 2002.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
29 Sept 2016
Date of issue
June 2011

History

Accepted
20 Sept 2010
Reviewed
23 Aug 2010
Received
08 Oct 2009

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] Anderson, L. W. J. California's reaction to Caulerpa taxifolia: a model for invasive species rapid response. Biol. Invasions, v. 7, p 1003-1016, 2005.

[2] Anderson, L. W. .J. Control of invasive seaweeds. Bot. mar, v. 50, p. 418-437, 2007.

[3] Balata, D.; Piazzi, L.; Cinelli, F. A comparison among assemblages in areas invaded by Caulerpa taxifolia and Caulerpa racemosa on a subtidal Mediterranean rocky bottom. Mar. Ecol., v. 25, p. 1-13, 2004.

[4] Bellan-Santini, D.; Arnaud, P. M.; Bellan, G.; Verlaque, M. The influence of the introduced tropical alga Caulerpa taxifolia on the biodiversity of the Mediterranean marine biota. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., v. 76, p. 235-237, 1996.

[5] Boudouresque, C. F.; Meinesz, A.; Ribeira, M.; Ballestero, E. Spread of the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia (Caulerpales:Chlorophyta) in the Mediterranean: possible consequences of a major ecological event. Scient. Mar., v. 59, p. 21-29, 1995.

[6] BurfNEId, D. D.; Udy, J. W. The effects of light and nutrients on Caulerpa taxifolia and growth. Aquatic Bot., v. 90, p. 105-109, 2009.

[7] Capiomont, A.; Breugnot, E.; den Haan, M.; meinesz, a. Phenology of a deep-water population of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Bot. mar., v. 48, p. 80-83, 2005.

[8] Cebrian, E.; Ballesteros, E. Temporal and spatial variability in shallow- and deep-water populations of the invasive Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea in the Western Mediterranean. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., v. 83, p. 469-474, 2009.

[9] Ceccherelli, G.; Cinelli, F. The role of vegetative fragmentation in dispersal of the invasive alga Caulerpa taxifolia in the Mediterranean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., v.182, p 299-303, 1999.

[10] Ceccherelli, G.; Piazzi, L.; Balata, D. Spread of introduced Caulerpa species in macroalgal habitats. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., v. 280, p. 1-11, 2002.

[11] Chapman, V. J.; Chapman, D. J. Life forms in the Algae. Bot. mar., v. 19, p. 65-74, 1976.

[12] Creed, J. C.; Oliveira, A. E. S.; Pires, D. O.; Figueiredo, M. A. O.; Ferreira, C. E. L.; Ventura, C. R. R. Brasil, A. C. S.; Young, P. S.; Absalão, R. S.; Paiva P. C.; Castro, C. B.; Serejo, C. S. RAP Ilha Grande - um levantamento da biodiversidade: histórico e conhecimento. In: CREED, J. C.; PIRES, D. O.; FIGUEIREDO, M. A. O. (Org.). Biodiversidade marinha da Baía da Ilha Grande Brasília: MMA/SBF. 2007. p. 41 - 64.

[13] Davis, A. R.; Roberts, D. E.; Cummins, P. Rapid invasion of a sponge-dominated deep-reef by Caulerpa scalpelliformis (Chlorophyta) in Botany Bay, New South Wales. Austr. J. Ecol., v. 22, p. 146-150, 1997.

[14] Ertan, Ö. O.; Turna, I. I.; Cormaci, M. A new record for the marine algal flora of Turkey: Caulerpa scalpelliformis (Brown ex Turner) C. Agardh (Caulerpaceae, Chlorophyceae). Trop. J. Bot., v. 22, p. 285-287, 1998.

[15] Falcão, C.; Széchy, M. T. M. Changes in shallow phytobenthic assemblages in southeastern Brazil, following the replacement of Sargassum vulgare (Phaeophyta) by Caulerpa scalpelliformis. Bot. mar., v. 48, p. 208-217, 2005.

[16] Figueiredo, M. A. O.; Tâmega, F. T. S. Macroalgas marinhas. In: CREED, J. C.; PIRES, D. O.; FIGUEIREDO, M. A. O. (Org.) Biodiversidade marinha da Baía da Ilha Grande Brasília: MMA/SBF.2007. p 153 - 180.

[17] Friedlander, M.; Kosov, Y.; Keret, G.; Dawes, C. Production of rhizoids by Caulerpa prolifera in culture. Aquatic Bot., v . 85, p. 263-266, 2006.

[18] Gacia, E.; Rodríguez-Prieto, C.; Delgado, O.; Ballesteros, E. Seasonal light and temperature responses of Caulerpa taxifolia from the northwestern Mediterranean. Aquatic Bot, vol. 53, p. 215-225, 1996.

[19] GILLESPIE, R. D.; MEINESZ, A.; CRITCHLEY, A. T. Growth responses of Caulerpa taxifolia (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) from the South African aquarist trade. A potential invasive of South African coastal waters. S. Afr. J. Bot. , v. 63, p. 480-483, 1997.

[20] Glasby, T .M.; Creese, R. G.; Gibson, P. T. Experimental use of salt to control the invasive marine alga Caulerpa taxifolia in New South Wales, Australia. Austr. Biol. Conserv., v. 122, p. 573-580, 2005.

[21] Hewitt, C. L.; Campbell, M. L.; Schaffelke, B. Introductions of seaweeds: accidental pathways and mechanisms. Bot. mar., v. 50, p. 326-337, 2007.

[22] Joly, A. B.; Cordeiro-Marino, M.; Yamaguishi-Tomita, N.; Ugadim, Y.; Oliveira F⁰, E.C. de; Ferreira, M. M. Additions to the marine flora of Brazil. Arq. Est. Biol. Mar. Univ. Ceará, v. 5, p. 65-79, 1965.

[23] Khou, M.; Paul, N. A.; Wright, J. T.; Steinberg, P. D. Intrinsic factors influence the attachment of fragments of the green alga Caulerpa filiformis J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, v. 352, p. 331-342, 2007.

[24] Klein, J.; Verlaque, M. The Caulerpa racemosa invasion: a critical review. Mar. Pollut. Bull., v. 56, p. 205-255, 2008.

[25] Meinesz, A.; Hesse, B. Introduction et invasion de l'algue tropicale Caulerpa taxifolia em Méditerranée Nord-occidentale. Oceanol. Acta, v. 14, p. 415-426, 1991.

[26] Meinesz. A.; de Vaugelas, J.; Hesse, B.; Mari, X. Spread of the introduced tropical green alga Caulerpa taxifolia in northern Mediterranean waters. J. appl Phycol., v. 5, p. 141-147, 1993.

[27] Meinesz, A.; Benichou, L.; Blachier, J.; Komatsu, T.; Lemée, R.; Molenaar, H.; Mari, X. Variations in the structure, morphology and biomass of Caulerpa taxifolia in the Mediterranean Sea. Bot. mar., v. 38, p. 499-508, 1995.

[28] Mitchell, G. J. P.; Nassar, C. A. G.; Maurat, M. C. S.; Falcão, C. Tipos de vegetação marinha da Baía do Espírito Santo sob influência da poluição. Espírito Santo, Brasil. Publ. ACIESP, v. 71, p. 202-214, 1990.

[29] Modena, M.; Matricardi, G.; Vacchi, M.; Guidatti, P. Spreading of Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh (Bryopsidaceae, Chlorophyta) along the coasts of the Ligurian Sea. Cryptogam. Algol., v. 21, p. 301-304, 2000.

[30] Nunes, J. M. de C. Catálogo de algas marinhas bentônicas do estado da Bahia, Brasil. Acta Bot. Malacitana, v. 23, p. 5-21, 1998.

[31] OLIVEIRA, E. C. de; Silva, B. N. T. da; Amancio, C .E. Fitobentos (macroalgas). In: Lopes, R.M. (Ed.), Informe sobre as espécies exóticas invasoras marinhas, Brasília: MMA/SBF 2009. p 111 - 142.

[32] Paula; A. F. de; Creed, J. C. Two species of the coral Tubastraea (Cnidaria, Scleractinia) in Brazil: a case of accidental introduction. Bull. mar. Sci, v. 74, p. 175-183, 2004.

[33] Pereira, C. S. Metereologia. In: IKEDA, Y. (Coord.). Diagnóstico ambiental oceânico e costeiro das regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil v. 2. Rio de Janeiro: Petrobrás, 1994. P. 243-234.

[34] Piazzi, l.; Balata, D. Invasion of alien macroalgae in different Mediterranean habitats. Biol. Invasions, v. 11, p. 193-204, 2009.

[35] Piazzi, L.; Balata, D.; Ceccherelli, G.; Cinelli, F. Comparative study of the growth of the two co-occurring introduced green algae Caulerpa taxifolia and Caulerpa racemosa along the Tuscan coast (Italy, western Mediterranean). Cryptogam. Algol., v. 22, p. 459-466, 2001.

[36] Ruitton, S.; Verlaque, M.; Boudouresque, C. F. Seasonal changes of the introduced Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) at the northwest limit of its Mediterranean range. Aquatic Bot., v. 82, p. 55-70, 2005.

[37] SANTELICES, B. Water movement and seasonal algal growth in Hawaii. Mar. Biol., v. 43, p. 225-235, 1977.

[38] SMITH, C. M.; WALTERS, L. J. Fragmentation as a strategy for Caulerpa species: fates of fragments and implications for management of an invasive weed. Mar. Ecol., v. 20, p. 307-319, 1999.

[39] Thibaut, T.; Meinesz, A.; Coquillard, P. Biomass seasonality of Caulerpa taxifolia in the Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Bot., v. 80, p. 291-297, 2004.

[40] Valentine, J. P.; Magierowski, R. H.; Johnson, C. R. Mechanisms of invasion: establishment, spread and persistence of introduced seaweed populations. Bot. mar., v. 50, p. 351-360, 2007.

[41] VERLAQUE, M. Inventaire des plantes introduites en Méditerranée: origines et répercussions sur l'environnement et les activités humaines. Oceanol. Acta, v. 17, p. 1-23, 1994.

[42] Villèle, X.; Verlaque, M. Changes and degradation in a Posidonia oceanica bed invaded by the introduced tropical alga Caulerpa taxifolia in the North western Mediterranean. Bot. mar., v. 38, p. 79-87, 1995.

[43] West, E. J.; Davis, A. R.; Barnes, P. B.; Wright, J. T. The role of recreational activities in creating fragments of invasive Caulerpa taxifolia J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., v. 376, p. 17-25, 2009.

[44] West, E. J.; West, R. J. Growth and survival of the invasive alga, Caulerpa taxifolia, in different salinities and temperatures: implications for coastal lake management. Hydrobiologia, v. 577, p. 87-94, 2007.

[45] WILLIAMS, S. L.; GROSHOLZ, E. D. Preliminary reports from the Caulerpa taxifolia invasion in southern California. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., v. 233, p. 307-310, 2002.