Spatio-temporal distribution and target species in a longline fishery off the southeastern coast of Brazil

Mourato, Bruno L.; Arfelli, Carlos A.; Amorim, Alberto F.; Hazin, Humberto G.; Carvalho, Felipe C.; Hazin, Fábio H. V.

Abstracts

In the present study, a cluster analysis, in relation to the species composition of the catches, was used to classify 6,486 fishing sets by a longline fleet based in São Paulo State, Brazil, from 1998 to 2006. Based on the proportions of 12 species and three broader species groups, three clusters were identified: C1: other fishes; C2: blue shark; C3: swordfish. Results indicated that the fleet targeted mainly blue shark and swordfish and also showed that the blue shark importance in this fishery has been growing progressively trough the years. Offshore areas were exploited mainly in the first and fourth quarters (from 2001 mainly), while the fishing effort was more concentrated near the continental shelf break, during the second and third quarters (for the whole period). The longline fishery based in Sao Paulo State changed fishing strategy to target different species which produced important changes in catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of the main species caught. Cluster analysis seems to have appropriately identified these changes over time, which is an important information, often missing in logbooks.

Fishing effort; Target species; Fishing strategy; Brazilian longline fleet

No presente estudo, uma análise de agrupamento foi utilizada para classificar 6.486 lances feitos pela frota espinheleira sediada no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, de 1998 até 2006, em relação à composição das espécies presentes nas capturas. Baseado nas proporções de doze espécies e três grupos de espécies, três agrupamentos foram identificados: C1: outros peixes; C2: tubarão-azul; C3: espadarte. Os resultados indicaram que ao longo do período estudado, a frota direcionou suas capturas principalmente para o tubarão-azul e para o espadarte, além de terem evidenciado que a importância do tubarão-azul nessa pescaria tem crescido progressivamente ao longo dos anos. Áreas mais afastadas da costa foram exploradas principalmente no primeiro e quarto trimestres (em especial a partir de 2001), enquanto que um esforço de pesca mais concentrado perto da quebra da plataforma continental foi observado durante o segundo e terceiro trimestres (para todo o período estudado). A frota espinheleira sediada em São Paulo mudou a estratégia de pesca para diferentes espécies-alvo, o que produziu importantes mudanças nas principais espécies capturadas por esforço de pesca (CPUE). A análise de agrupamento parece ter identificado apropriadamente essas alterações ao longo do tempo, em relação às quais não há, em geral, qualquer informação nos mapas de bordo.

Esforço de pesca; Espécie-alvo; Estratégia de pesca; Frota espinheleira brasileira

ALEMANY, F.; ÁLVAREZ, F. Determination of effective fishing effort on hake, Merluccius merluccius, in mediterranean trawl fishery. Sci. Mar., v.67, p. 491-499, 2002.
AMORIM, A. F.; ARFELLI, C. A.; FAGUNDES, L. Pelagic elasmobranchs caught by longliners off southern Brazil during 1974-97: An overview. Mar. Fresh. Res., v. 49, n. 7, p. 621-632, 1998.
AMORIM, A. F.; ARFELLI, C. A.; BACILIERI, S. Shark data from Santos longliners fishery off southern Brazil (1971-2000). Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 54, n. 4, p. 1341-1348, 2002.
ARFELLI, C. A.; AMORIM, A. F. Description of the Brazilian swordfish fishery in Santos. Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 27, p. 315-317, 1988.
CARVALHO, F.; MURIE, D.; HAZIN, F. H. V.; HAZIN, H.; LEITE-MOURATO, B.; TRAVASSOS, P.; BURGESS, G. Catch rates and size composition of blue sharks (Prionace glauca) caught by the Brazilian pelagic longline fleet in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Aquat. Living Resour, 23: 373-385, 2010.
CARVALHO, F.; MURIE, D.; HAZIN, F. H.V.; HAZIN, H.; LEITE-MOURATO, B.; BURGESS, G. Spatial predictions of blue shark CPUE and catch probability of juveniles in the Southwest Atlantic. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 68(5): 901-910, 2011.
GARCIA, C. A. E. Hydrographic Characteristics. In: SEELIGER, U.; ODEBRECHT, C.; CASTELLO, J. P. (Ed.). Subtropical Convergence environments. The coast and sea in the southwestern Atlantic. Germany: Springer, 1997. 308 p.
GAERTNER, D.; GAERTNER, J. C.; MARCANO, J.; PAGAVINO, M. Multivariate analysis of relationships between tuna catches and fishing strategies. Application to the Venezuelan purse seiners in the Caribbean Sea. ICCAT Tuna symposium, Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 50, p. 628-636, 1998.
GAERTNER, D.; PAGAVINO, M.; MARCANO, J. Influence of fisher's behaviour on the catchability of surface tuna school in the Venezuelan purse-seine fishery in the Caribbean Sea. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., v. 56, p. 394-406, 1999.
HAZIN, H. G.; ERZINI, K. Assessing swordfish distribution in the South Atlantic based on spatial predictions. Fish. Res., v. 90, p. 45-55, 2008.
HAZIN, H. G.; HAZIN, F. H. V.; TRAVASSOS, P.; CARVALHO, F. C.; ERZINI, K. Fishing strategy and target species of the Brazilian tuna longline fishery, from 1978 to 2005, inferred from cluster analysis. Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 60, n. 6, p. 2029-2038, 2007a.
HAZIN, H. G.; HAZIN, F. H. V.; TRAVASSOS, P.; CARVALHO, F. C.; ERZINI, K. Standardization of swordfish CPUE series caught by Brazilian longliners in the Atlantic Ocean, by GLM, using the targeting strategy inferred by cluster analysis. Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 60, n.6, p. 2039-2047, 2007b.
HAZIN, H. G.; MOURATO, B. L.; AMORIM, A. F.; ARFELLI, C. A.; HAZIN, F. H. V. Standardized CPUE of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) caught by tuna longliners operating off southern Brazil (1998-2006). Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 62, n. 4, p. 1175-1181, 2008.
HE, X.; BIGELOW, K. A.; BOGGS, C. H. Cluster analysis of longline sets and fishing strategies within the Hawaii-based fishery. Fish. Res., v. 31, p. 147-158, 1997.
HILBORN, R. Fleet and dynamics individual variation: why do some fishermen catch all the fish. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci, v. 42, p. 2-13, 1985.
HILBORN, R.; WALTERS, C. J. Quantitative Fisheries Stock Assessment: Choice, Dynamics and Uncertainty, 1st ed. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1992.
JOHNSON, R. A.; WICHERN, D. W. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1988.
LANE, D. E. Investment decision making by fishermen. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., v. 45, p. 782-796, 1988.
LIMA, F. R., WISE, J. P. A first examination of the abundance and distribution of yellowfin and albacore tuna in western tropical Atlantic 1957-61. Report of FAO Fish. Rep., v. 3, n.6, p. 1515 - 1521, 1963.
MAUNDER, M. N.; PUNT, A. E. Standardizing catch and effort data: a review of recent approaches. Fish. Res., v. 70, p. 141-159, 2004.
MORAES, M. N. Development of the tuna fishery of Brazil and preliminary analysis of the first three years data. Arq. Est. Biol. Mar. Univ. Ceará, Fortaleza, v. 2, n. 2, p. 35 - 57, 1962.
MOURATO, B. L.; ANDRADE, H. A.; AMORIM, A. F.; ARFELLI, C. A. Standardized catch rate of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) caught by Santos longliners off southern Brazil (1971-2005). Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 60, n. 6, p.1943-1952, 2007.
MOURATO, B. L.; AMORIM, A. F.; ARFELLI, C. A.; HAZIN, F. H. V.; HAZIN, H. G.; CARVALHO, F. C. Influence of environmental, spatial and temporal factors on blue shark, Prionace glauca, catch rate in the southwestern Atlantic ocean. Arq. Ciênc. Mar., v. 41, n. 2, p. 34-46, 2008a.
MOURATO, B. L.; HAZIN, H. G.; AMORIM, A. F.; ARFELLI, C. A.; HAZIN, F. H. V. Standardized CPUE of blue shark caught by São Paulo tuna longliners operating off southern Brazil (1998-2006). Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT., v. 62, n. 5, p. 1602-1609, 2008b.
OLSON, D. B.; PODESTÁ, G. P.; EVANS, R. H.; BROWN, O. B. Temporal variations in the separations of Brazil and Malvinas Currents. Deep Sea Res., v. 35, p. 1971-1990, 1988.
RICKER, W. E. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., n. 191, 382 p, 1975.
SALAS, S.; GAERTNER, D. The behavior dynamics of fishers: management implications. Fish. Fish., v. 5, p. 153-167, 2004.
SANTOS, R. A; HAIMOVICI, M. Cephalopods in the trophic relations off southern Brazil. Bull. Mar. Sci., v. 71, n. 2, p. 753-770, 2002.
SILVEIRA, I. C. A.; SCHMIDT, A. C. K.; CAMPOS, E. D. J.; GODOI, S. S.; IKEDA, Y. A Corrente do Brasil ao largo da costa leste brasileira. Rev. Bras. Oceanogr., v. 48, n. 2, p. 171-183, 2000.
WARD, J. H. Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. J. Am. Stat. Assoc.,v. 58, p. 236-244, 1963.
WILEN, J. E. Fisherman behavior and the design of efficient fisheries regulation programs. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., v. 36, p. 855-858, 1979.
WILEN, J. E.; SMITH, M. D.; LOCKWOOD, D.; BOTSFORD, F. W. Avoiding surprises: incorporating fisherman behavior into management models. Bull. Mar. Sci., v. 70, p. 553-575, 2002.
WU, C. L.; YEH, S. Y. Demarcation of operating areas and fishing strategies for Taiwanese longline fisheries in South Atlantic Ocean. Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 52, p. 1933-1947, 2001.
ZAVALA-CAMIN, L. A. Distribución vertical y estacional de túnidos y otras especies pelágicas en el sudeste y sur del Brasil, obtenida por medio de contenido estomacal. Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 17, n. 2, p. 439-443, 1982.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
11 Oct 2011
Date of issue
June 2011

History

Accepted
13 July 2010
Reviewed
05 May 2010
Received
20 Mar 2010

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ALEMANY, F.; ÁLVAREZ, F. Determination of effective fishing effort on hake, Merluccius merluccius, in mediterranean trawl fishery. Sci. Mar., v.67, p. 491-499, 2002.

[2] AMORIM, A. F.; ARFELLI, C. A.; FAGUNDES, L. Pelagic elasmobranchs caught by longliners off southern Brazil during 1974-97: An overview. Mar. Fresh. Res., v. 49, n. 7, p. 621-632, 1998.

[3] AMORIM, A. F.; ARFELLI, C. A.; BACILIERI, S. Shark data from Santos longliners fishery off southern Brazil (1971-2000). Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 54, n. 4, p. 1341-1348, 2002.

[4] ARFELLI, C. A.; AMORIM, A. F. Description of the Brazilian swordfish fishery in Santos. Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 27, p. 315-317, 1988.

[5] CARVALHO, F.; MURIE, D.; HAZIN, F. H. V.; HAZIN, H.; LEITE-MOURATO, B.; TRAVASSOS, P.; BURGESS, G. Catch rates and size composition of blue sharks (Prionace glauca) caught by the Brazilian pelagic longline fleet in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Aquat. Living Resour, 23: 373-385, 2010.

[6] CARVALHO, F.; MURIE, D.; HAZIN, F. H.V.; HAZIN, H.; LEITE-MOURATO, B.; BURGESS, G. Spatial predictions of blue shark CPUE and catch probability of juveniles in the Southwest Atlantic. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 68(5): 901-910, 2011.

[7] GARCIA, C. A. E. Hydrographic Characteristics. In: SEELIGER, U.; ODEBRECHT, C.; CASTELLO, J. P. (Ed.). Subtropical Convergence environments. The coast and sea in the southwestern Atlantic. Germany: Springer, 1997. 308 p.

[8] GAERTNER, D.; GAERTNER, J. C.; MARCANO, J.; PAGAVINO, M. Multivariate analysis of relationships between tuna catches and fishing strategies. Application to the Venezuelan purse seiners in the Caribbean Sea. ICCAT Tuna symposium, Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 50, p. 628-636, 1998.

[9] GAERTNER, D.; PAGAVINO, M.; MARCANO, J. Influence of fisher's behaviour on the catchability of surface tuna school in the Venezuelan purse-seine fishery in the Caribbean Sea. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., v. 56, p. 394-406, 1999.

[10] HAZIN, H. G.; ERZINI, K. Assessing swordfish distribution in the South Atlantic based on spatial predictions. Fish. Res., v. 90, p. 45-55, 2008.

[11] HAZIN, H. G.; HAZIN, F. H. V.; TRAVASSOS, P.; CARVALHO, F. C.; ERZINI, K. Fishing strategy and target species of the Brazilian tuna longline fishery, from 1978 to 2005, inferred from cluster analysis. Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 60, n. 6, p. 2029-2038, 2007a.

[12] HAZIN, H. G.; HAZIN, F. H. V.; TRAVASSOS, P.; CARVALHO, F. C.; ERZINI, K. Standardization of swordfish CPUE series caught by Brazilian longliners in the Atlantic Ocean, by GLM, using the targeting strategy inferred by cluster analysis. Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 60, n.6, p. 2039-2047, 2007b.

[13] HAZIN, H. G.; MOURATO, B. L.; AMORIM, A. F.; ARFELLI, C. A.; HAZIN, F. H. V. Standardized CPUE of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) caught by tuna longliners operating off southern Brazil (1998-2006). Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 62, n. 4, p. 1175-1181, 2008.

[14] HE, X.; BIGELOW, K. A.; BOGGS, C. H. Cluster analysis of longline sets and fishing strategies within the Hawaii-based fishery. Fish. Res., v. 31, p. 147-158, 1997.

[15] HILBORN, R. Fleet and dynamics individual variation: why do some fishermen catch all the fish. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci, v. 42, p. 2-13, 1985.

[16] HILBORN, R.; WALTERS, C. J. Quantitative Fisheries Stock Assessment: Choice, Dynamics and Uncertainty, 1st ed. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1992.

[17] JOHNSON, R. A.; WICHERN, D. W. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1988.

[18] LANE, D. E. Investment decision making by fishermen. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., v. 45, p. 782-796, 1988.

[19] LIMA, F. R., WISE, J. P. A first examination of the abundance and distribution of yellowfin and albacore tuna in western tropical Atlantic 1957-61. Report of FAO Fish. Rep., v. 3, n.6, p. 1515 - 1521, 1963.

[20] MAUNDER, M. N.; PUNT, A. E. Standardizing catch and effort data: a review of recent approaches. Fish. Res., v. 70, p. 141-159, 2004.

[21] MORAES, M. N. Development of the tuna fishery of Brazil and preliminary analysis of the first three years data. Arq. Est. Biol. Mar. Univ. Ceará, Fortaleza, v. 2, n. 2, p. 35 - 57, 1962.

[22] MOURATO, B. L.; ANDRADE, H. A.; AMORIM, A. F.; ARFELLI, C. A. Standardized catch rate of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) caught by Santos longliners off southern Brazil (1971-2005). Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 60, n. 6, p.1943-1952, 2007.

[23] MOURATO, B. L.; AMORIM, A. F.; ARFELLI, C. A.; HAZIN, F. H. V.; HAZIN, H. G.; CARVALHO, F. C. Influence of environmental, spatial and temporal factors on blue shark, Prionace glauca, catch rate in the southwestern Atlantic ocean. Arq. Ciênc. Mar., v. 41, n. 2, p. 34-46, 2008a.

[24] MOURATO, B. L.; HAZIN, H. G.; AMORIM, A. F.; ARFELLI, C. A.; HAZIN, F. H. V. Standardized CPUE of blue shark caught by São Paulo tuna longliners operating off southern Brazil (1998-2006). Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT., v. 62, n. 5, p. 1602-1609, 2008b.

[25] OLSON, D. B.; PODESTÁ, G. P.; EVANS, R. H.; BROWN, O. B. Temporal variations in the separations of Brazil and Malvinas Currents. Deep Sea Res., v. 35, p. 1971-1990, 1988.

[26] RICKER, W. E. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., n. 191, 382 p, 1975.

[27] SALAS, S.; GAERTNER, D. The behavior dynamics of fishers: management implications. Fish. Fish., v. 5, p. 153-167, 2004.

[28] SANTOS, R. A; HAIMOVICI, M. Cephalopods in the trophic relations off southern Brazil. Bull. Mar. Sci., v. 71, n. 2, p. 753-770, 2002.

[29] SILVEIRA, I. C. A.; SCHMIDT, A. C. K.; CAMPOS, E. D. J.; GODOI, S. S.; IKEDA, Y. A Corrente do Brasil ao largo da costa leste brasileira. Rev. Bras. Oceanogr., v. 48, n. 2, p. 171-183, 2000.

[30] WARD, J. H. Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. J. Am. Stat. Assoc.,v. 58, p. 236-244, 1963.

[31] WILEN, J. E. Fisherman behavior and the design of efficient fisheries regulation programs. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., v. 36, p. 855-858, 1979.

[32] WILEN, J. E.; SMITH, M. D.; LOCKWOOD, D.; BOTSFORD, F. W. Avoiding surprises: incorporating fisherman behavior into management models. Bull. Mar. Sci., v. 70, p. 553-575, 2002.

[33] WU, C. L.; YEH, S. Y. Demarcation of operating areas and fishing strategies for Taiwanese longline fisheries in South Atlantic Ocean. Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 52, p. 1933-1947, 2001.

[34] ZAVALA-CAMIN, L. A. Distribución vertical y estacional de túnidos y otras especies pelágicas en el sudeste y sur del Brasil, obtenida por medio de contenido estomacal. Col. Vol. Sci. Pap., ICCAT, v. 17, n. 2, p. 439-443, 1982.