Diatoms, protein and carbohydrate sediment content as proxies for coastal eutrophication in Montevideo, Rio de la Plata Estuary, Uruguay

Garcia-Rodriguez, Felipe; Puerto, Laura del; Venturini, Natalia; Pita, Ana Laura; Brugnoli, Ernesto; Burone, Leticia; Muniz, Pablo

Abstracts

A study on sediment surface diatom composition in relation to both protein/carbohydrate content and salinity was carried out in Montevideo Bay and the adjacent coastal zone. Samples were seasonally taken during one year along a human impact gradient, and the trophic conditions were assessed from the biochemical composition of the surface sediment organic matter. The co-occurrence of the marine-brackish (Actinocyclus curvatulus, Actinocyclus gallicus, Coscinodiscus excentricus, Coscinodiscus radiatus, Hyalodiscus subtilis, Paralia sulcata) and freshwater diatom flora (Aulacoseira granulata, Aulacoseira italica, Aulacoseira muzzanensis, Actinocyclus normanii, Amphora copulata, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Nitzschia linearis), suggests myxohaline estuarine conditions in the study area. The sampling stations located within the bay, close to several contamination sources, exhibited hypertrophic conditions as indicated by the highest levels of protein content, but also by the high relative abundances of Actinocyclus normanii and Cyclotella meneghiniana, as both diatom species are very well established cosmopolitan proxies of aquatic degradation. The levels of both protein and carbohydrate content, but also photosynthetic pigments, recorded in the adjacent coastal zone suggest meso-eutrophic conditions as contamination levels from the inner bay might become diluted off shore. Multivariate diatom species-environmental data relationships, indicate that the trophic gradient is hierarchically more important than salinity in explaining the diatom distribution. The present data imply an improvement in our ability of assessing organic contamination in the study area, since both biological and biopolymer variables were introduced for the first time as a tool for assessing the benthic health/degradation in one of the most populated regions of the Río de la Plata.

Diatoms; Carbohydrates; Proteins; Estuaries; Coastal eutrophication; Uruguay

Foi realizado um estudo da salinidade e da composição das diatomáceas presentes no sedimento superficial em relação ao conteúdo de proteínas/carboidratos na Baía de Montevidéu e região costeira adjacente. Foram obtidas amostras sazonalmente durante um ano ao longo de um gradiente de impacto ambiental humano, e as condições tróficas foram determinadas através da análise da composição bioquímica da matéria orgânica do sedimento superficial. A coocorrência de espécies de diatomáceas marinhas-salobras, (Actinocyclus curvatulus, Actinocyclus gallicus, Coscinodiscus excentricus, Coscinodiscus radiatus, Hyalodiscus subtilis, Paralia sulcata) e diatomáceas indicadoras de águas doces (Aulacoseira granulata, Aulacoseira italica, Aulacoseira muzzanensis, Actinocyclus normanii, Amphora copulata, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Nitzschia linearis) sugerem condições mixohalinas estuarinas na área de estudo. As estações amostradas dentro da baía, próximas às fontes contaminadoras, apresentam condições hipertróficas apontadas pelos maiores valores de proteínas e pela alta abundância relativa de Actinocyclus normanii e Cyclotella meneghiniana, sendo que ambas espécies são consideradas cosmopolitas e indicadoras de degradação aquática. As concentrações de proteínas e carboidratos, bem como os pigmentos fotossintéticos registrados na região costeira adjacente sugerem condições meso-eutróficas e uma diluição dos níveis de contaminação do interior da baía rumo à região externa. A análise multivariada entre espécies de diatomáceas e parâmetros ambientais indica que o gradiente trófico possui hierarquicamente maior peso que a salinidade na explicação da distribuição das diatomáceas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram um aperfeiçoamento na habilidade de determinar a contaminação orgânica dentro da área de estudo, já que pela primeira vez tanto as variáveis orgânicas quanto os biopolímeros foram introduzidos como ferramenta para a determinação da relação degradação/saúde de uma das mais populosas regiões do Río de la Plata.

Diatomeas; Carbohidratos; Proteínas; Estuarios; Eutrofización costera; Uruguay

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Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
03 Feb 2012
Date of issue
Dec 2011

History

Accepted
23 May 2011
Reviewed
13 Dec 2010
Received
10 Feb 2010

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ACHA, M. A.; MIANZAN, H.; GUERRERO, R.; CARRETO, J.; GIBERTO, D.; MONTOYA, N.; CARIGNAN, M. An overview of physical and ecological processes in the Rio de la Plata Estuary. Continent. Shelf Res, v. 28, p.579-588.

[2] AYUP, R. N. Comportamento dos sedimentos em suspensão no Río de la Plata exterior e proximidades. Pesquisas, v.18, p.39-68, 1986.

[3] BIGOT, L.; CONAND, C.; AMOUROUX, J. P.; FROUIN, P.; BRUGGEMANN, H.; A. GRÉMARE, A. Effects of industrial outfalls on tropical macrobenthic sediment communities in Reunion Island (Southwest Indian Ocean). Mar. Pollut. Bull, v.52, p.865-880, 2006.

[4] BOON, A. R.; DUINEVELD, G. C. A.; BERGHUIS, E. M.; VAN DER WEELE, J. A. Relationships between benthic activity and the annual phytopigment cycle in near-bottom water and sediments in the southern North Sea. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci, v. 46, p.1-13. 1998.

[5] BRUGNOLI, E.; MUNIZ, P.; VENTURINI, N.; BURONE, L. Environmental Perturbation and Coastal Benthic Biodiversity in Uruguay. 2007. In: WILLIS, I.C. (Ed.). Progress in environmental research. New York: Nova Publisher, 2007. Chapter 2, p. 75-126.

[6] CALLIARI, C.; BRUGNOLI, E.; FERRARI, G.; VIZZIANO, D. Phytoplankton distribution and production along a wide environmental gradient in the South-West Atlantic off Uruguay. Hydrobiologia, v.620, p. 47-61. 2009

[7] CARP-CTMFM. Protección ambiental del Rio de la Plata y Frente Marítimo. Electronic document. <http://www.freplata.org/documentos/archivos/Documentos_Freplata/Documento_de_proyecto_web.pdf1999

[8] CENTURIÓN V.; KANDRATAVICIUS, N.; SILVA DE PABLO, M. ¿Habrá variado la calidad ambiental de la bahía de Montevideo y su zona costera adyacente en 10 años? Montevideo: Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, 2007. Technical Report, Sección Oceanología, p. 35. (in Spanish).

[9] CLOERN, J. E. Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser, v.210, p. 223-253. 2001.

[10] CONDE, D.; SOMMARUGA, R. A review of the state of Limnology in Uruguay. In: WETZEL R.G.; GOPAL, B. (Ed.). Limnology in developing countries. vol 2. New Delhi: International Association for Limnology (SIL), 1999. p. 1-31.

[11] DACHS, J.; BAYONA, J. M.; RAOUX, C.; ALBAIGÉS, J. Spatial distribution, vertical profiles and budget of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in western Mediterranean. Environ. Sci. Tech, v. 31, p. 682-688. 1997.

[12] DANULAT, E.; MUNIZ, P.; GARCÍA-ALONSO, J.; YANNICELLI, B. First assessment of the highly contaminated harbour of Montevideo, Uruguay. Mar. Pollut. Bull, v. 44, p. 554-565. 2002

[13] DANOVARO, R. D.; MARRALE; DELLA CROCE, N. ; PARODI, P.; FABIANO, M. Biochemical composition of sedimentary organic matter and bacterial distribution in the Aegean Sea trophic state and pelagic-benthic coupling. J. Sea Res., v. 42, p.117-129. 1999.

[14] DELL'ANNO, A.; MEI, M. L.; PUSCEDDU, A.; DANOVARO, R. Assessing the trophic state and eutrophication of coastal marine systems: a new approach based on the biochemical composition of sediment organic matter. Mar. Pollut. Bull, v. 44, p.611-622. 2002.

[15] DESA, E.; ZINGDE, M. D.; VETHAMONY, P. ; BABU, M. T.; . D'SOUSA, S. N.; X. N, VERLECAR, X. N. Dissolved oxygen--a target indicator in determining use of the Gulf of Kachchh waters. Mar. Pollut. Bull, v. 50, p.73-79. 2005.

[16] DUBOIS, M.; K. GILLES; J. K. HAMILTON, P. A. REBERS; F. Smith. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analyt. Chem, v. 28, p.350-356. 1956.

[17] FABIANO, M.; DANOVARO, R. Composition of organic matter in sediments facing a river estuary (Tyrrhenian Sea): relationships with bacteria and microphytobenthic biomass. Hydrobiologia, v. 277, p. 71-84. 1994.

[18] FOLK, R. L.; WARD, W. C. Brazos River bar: a study of the significance of grain size parameters. J. sedim. Petrology, v. 27, p. 3-26. 1957.

[19] FRENGUELLI, J. Diatomeas del Río de la Plata. Revta Museo Nac. La Plata Tomo III, p.213-334, 1941.

[20] FRENGUELLI, J. Las diatomeas del Platense. Revta Mus. Nac. La Plata Tomo III, p. 77-221, 1945.

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Diatoms, protein and carbohydrate sediment content as proxies for coastal eutrophication in Montevideo, Rio de la Plata Estuary, Uruguay

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