Size and sex composition of two species of the genus Atlantoraja (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) caught by the bottom trawl fisheries operating on the Uruguayan continental shelf (southwestern Atlantic Ocean)

Orlando, Luis; Pereyra, Ines; Paesch, Laura; Norbis, Walter

Abstracts

In this work we analyzed the spatial and seasonal variation of length distribution, sexual proportion and mature dominance for Atlantoraja cyclophora and A. castelnaui, at the Uruguayan continental shelf. There were significant differences in total length (TL) composition between sexes, being females bigger than males for both species. Atlantoraja cyclophora showed a relatively uniform length distribution between inner and outer shelf. There were no major variations in the sex compositions and in the mature dominance between seasons, suggesting no temporal variation. Atlantoraja castelnaui showed a significant variation in its spatial and seasonal distribution. Individuals were smaller in inner shelf, pointing out the existence of juvenile zone in areas up to 50 m depth. A tendency to capture smaller individuals towards the end of the year was observed. In all seasons over 50% of females were caught below the estimated size at maturity, suggesting that this species is highly susceptible to exploitation.

Skates; Exploitation vulnerability; Population; Spatial-temporal patterns

Neste trabalho foi analisada a variação espacial e temporal da distribuição de comprimento, proporções sexuais e dominância de maduros para Atlantoraja cyclophora e A. castelanui, na plataforma continental uruguaia. Houve diferenças significativas na distribução do comprimento total (TL) entre os sexos, sendo as fêmeas maiores que os machos para ambas espécies. Atlantoraja cyclophora mostrou uma distribuição relativamente uniforme de comprimento entre a prataforma interna e externa. Não houviram grandes variações nas composições do sexo e na dominância de maduros entre as estações do ano, sugerindo que não ha variação temporal. Atlantoraja castelnaui mostrou uma variação significativa na sua distribuição espacial e sazonal. Os indivíduos foram menores na plataforma interna, apontando para a existência de uma zona de juvenis em áreas de até 50 m de profundidade. A tendência para a captura de indivíduos menores no final do ano foi observada. Em todas as estações do ano mais de 50% das fêmeas foram capturadas em um comprimento menor ao tamanho estimado de maturidade observado na literatura, sugerindo que esta espécie é altamente suscetível à explotação.

Rayas; Vulnerabilidade a explotação; População; Padrões espaço-temporal

COUSSEAU, M. B.; PERROTTA, R. G. Peces marinos de Argentina: biología, distribución, pesca. Mar del Plata: INIDEP, 2004. 167 p.
DULVY, N. K.; REYNOLDS, J. D. Predicting extinction vulnerability in skates. Conserv. Biol, v. 16, n. 2, p. 440-450, 2002
DULVY, N. K.; METCALFE, J. D.; GLANVILLE, J.; PAWSON, M. G.; REYNOLDS, J. D. Fishery stability, local extinctions, and shifts in community structure in skates. Conserv. Biol, v. 14, n. 1, p. 283-293, 2000.
EBERT, D. A.; SULIKOWSKI, J. A. Biology of skates Netherlands: Springer, 2007. 243 p.
GARCÍA, V.; LUCIFORA, L.; MYERS, A. The importance of habitat and life-history to extinction risk in sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras. Proc. R. Soc., Lond., B, v. 275, n. 1, p. 83-89, 2007.
HOLDEN, M. J. Are long-term sustainable fisheries for elasmobranch possible? Rapp. P.-V. Reun. CIESM, v. 164, p. 360-367, 1973.
HOZBOR, N.; MASSA, A.; VOOREN, C. M. IUCN Red list of threatened species, Version 2009.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 April 2010, 2004.
LICANDEO, R.; CERNA, F.; CESPEDES, R. Age, growth, and reproduction of the roughskin skate, Dipturus trachyderma, from the southeastern Pacific. ICES J. mar. Sci., v. 64, n. 1, p.141-148, 2007.
MCEACHRAN, J. D.; DE CARVALHO M. R. Batoid fishes. In: FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. v. 1: Introduction, molluscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, batoid fishes, and chimaeras. Rome: FAO, 2002. p. 507-530.
MASSA, A. M.; HOZBOR, N. M. Peces cartilaginosos de la plataforma argentina: Explotación, situación y necesidades para un manejo pesquero adecuado. Frente Marit, v. 19, n. 1, p. 199-206, 2003.
MENNI, R.C. Rajidae del litoral bonaerense. I. Espécies de los géneros Raja, Bathyraja y Sympterygia (Chondrichtyes). Physis, Seccion a, v. 32, p. 413-439, 1973.
ODDONE, M. C.; AMORIM, A. F. Lengthweight relationships, condition and population structure of the genus Atlantoraja (Elasmobranchii,Rajidae, rhynchobatidae) in South-eastern Brazilian waters, SW Atlantic Ocean. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Soc, v. 38, p. 43-52, 2007.
ODDONE, M. C.; VELASCO, G. Relationship between liver weight, body size and reproductive activity in Atlantoraja cyclophora (Elasmobranchii: Rajidae: Arhynchobatinae) in oceanic waters off Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Neotrop. Biol. Conserv , v.1,n.1,p.1216, 2006.
ODDONE, M. C.; VOOREN, C. M. Distribution and abundance of Atlantoraja cyclophora (Regan 1903) (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) with regard to salinity, temperature and depth in southern Brazil, south-western Atlantic. Neotrop. Ichthyol, v. 2, n. 3, p. 137-144, 2004.
ODDONE, M. C.; VOOREN, C. M. Reproductive biology of Atlantoraja cyclophora (Regan 1903) (Elasmobranchii: Rajidae) off southern Brazil. ICES J. Mar. Sci, v. 62, p. 1095-1103, 2005.
ODDONE, M. C.; PAESCH, L.; NORBIS, W. Length at first sexual maturity of two species of rajoid skates, genera Atlantoraja and Dipturus (Pisces, Elasmobranchii, Rajidae), from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. J. appl. Ichthyol, v. 21, p. 70-72, 2005.
ODDONE, M. C; AMORIM, A. F.; MANCINI, P. L. Reproductive biology of the spotback skate, Atlantoraja castelnaui (Ribeiro, 1907) (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae) in southeastern Brazilian waters. Rev. Biol. Mar, v.43,n. 2, p. 327-334, 2008a.
ODDONE, M. C.; NORBIS, W.; MANCINI, P. L.; AMORIM, A.F. Sexual development and reproductive cycle of the Eyespot skate Atlantoraja cyclophora (Regan, 1903) (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae: Arhynchobatinae), in southeastern Brazil. Acta Adriat, v. 49, n. 1, p. 73-87, 2008b.
PAESCH, L.; DOMINGO, A. La pesca de condrictios en el Uruguay. Frente Marit v. 19, n. 1, p. 207-216, 2003.
PAESCH, L.; ODDONE, M. C. Size at maturity and egg capsules of the softnose skates Bathyraja brachyurops (Fowler, 1910) and Bathyraja macloviana (Norman, 1937) (Elasmobranchii: Rajidae) in the SW Atlantic (37º00'-39º30'S). J. appl. Ichthyol, v. 25, p. 66-71, 2008.
PERES, J. A; VOOREN, C. M. Ciclo reproductivo de quatro espécies do gênero Raja do Sul do Brasil. REUNIÃO GRUPO DE TRABALHO PESCA E PESQUISA TUBARÕES E ARRAIAS NO BRASIL, 6., Recife, Pernambuco, 1993. Resumo, 1993.
PEREYRA, I.; ORLANDO L.; NORBIS W.; PAESCH L. Variación espacial y temporal de la composición por tallas y sexos del gatuso Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1939 capturado por la pesca de arrastre en la costa oceánica uruguaya durante 2004. Rev. Biol. mar, v. 43, n. 1, p. 159-166, 2008.
SWAIN, D. P.; HURLBUT T.; BENOÎT, H. P. Changes in the abundance and size of skates in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1971-2002. J. Northwest. Atl. Fish. Soc, v. 36, n. 1, p. 19-30, 2005.
SOKAL, R. R.; ROHLF, F. J. Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1998. 850 p.
STEVENS, J. D.; BONFIL R.; DULVY, N. K.; WALKER, P. A. The effects of fishing on sharks, rays, and chimaeras (chondrichthyans), and the implications for marine ecosystems. ICES J. mar. Sci., v. 57, p. 476494, 2000.
STOBUTZKI, I. C.; MILLER, M. J.; HEALES, D. S.; BREWER, D.T. Sustainability of elasmobranchs caught as bycatch in a tropical prawn (shrimp) trawl fishery. Fish. Bull. U.S. v. 100, p. 800-821, 2002.
TEMPLEMAN, W. Differences in sexual maturity and related characteristics between populations of thorny skate (Raja radiata) in the northwest Atlantic. J. Northwest. Atl. Fish. Sci, n. 7, p. 155-167, 1987.
VILLWOCK DE MIRANDA, V.; VOOREN, C. M. Captura e eforço da pesca de elasmobranquios demersais no sul do Brasil. Nos anos de 1975 a 1995. Frente Marit, v. 19, n. 1, p. 217-231, 2003.
VOOREN C. M. Demersal elasmobranchs. In: U. SEELIGER, U.; ODEBRECHT, C. ; CASTELLO J.P.(Ed.). Subtropical Convergence Environments: The coast and sea in the Southwestern Atlantic. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1997. p. 141-146.
VOOREN, C. M.; KLIPPEL, S. Biologia e status de conservação do cação-listrado Mustelus fasciatus: In: VOOREN, C. M.; KLIPPEL S. (Ed.). Ações para a conservação de tubarões e raias no sul do Brasil Porto Alegre: Igaré, 2005. p. 83-96.
WALKER, P. A.; HISLOP, J. R. G. Sensitive skates or resilient rays? Spatial and temporal shifts in ray species composition in the central and north-western North Sea between 1930 and the present day. ICES J. mar. Sci, v. 55, p. 392-402, 1998.
WALMSLEY-HART, S. A.; SAUER, W.; BUXTON, C. D. The biology of the skates Raja wallacei and R. pullopunctata (Batoidea: Rajidae) on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa. S. Afr. J. mar. Sci, v. 21, n. 1, p. 165179, 1999.
ZAR, J.H. Biostatistical analysis Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. 663 p.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
03 Feb 2012
Date of issue
Dec 2011

History

Reviewed
16 Mar 2011
Received
02 Jan 2011
Accepted
05 July 2011

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] COUSSEAU, M. B.; PERROTTA, R. G. Peces marinos de Argentina: biología, distribución, pesca. Mar del Plata: INIDEP, 2004. 167 p.

[2] DULVY, N. K.; REYNOLDS, J. D. Predicting extinction vulnerability in skates. Conserv. Biol, v. 16, n. 2, p. 440-450, 2002

[3] DULVY, N. K.; METCALFE, J. D.; GLANVILLE, J.; PAWSON, M. G.; REYNOLDS, J. D. Fishery stability, local extinctions, and shifts in community structure in skates. Conserv. Biol, v. 14, n. 1, p. 283-293, 2000.

[4] EBERT, D. A.; SULIKOWSKI, J. A. Biology of skates Netherlands: Springer, 2007. 243 p.

[5] GARCÍA, V.; LUCIFORA, L.; MYERS, A. The importance of habitat and life-history to extinction risk in sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras. Proc. R. Soc., Lond., B, v. 275, n. 1, p. 83-89, 2007.

[6] HOLDEN, M. J. Are long-term sustainable fisheries for elasmobranch possible? Rapp. P.-V. Reun. CIESM, v. 164, p. 360-367, 1973.

[7] HOZBOR, N.; MASSA, A.; VOOREN, C. M. IUCN Red list of threatened species, Version 2009.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 April 2010, 2004.

[8] LICANDEO, R.; CERNA, F.; CESPEDES, R. Age, growth, and reproduction of the roughskin skate, Dipturus trachyderma, from the southeastern Pacific. ICES J. mar. Sci., v. 64, n. 1, p.141-148, 2007.

[9] MCEACHRAN, J. D.; DE CARVALHO M. R. Batoid fishes. In: FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. v. 1: Introduction, molluscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, batoid fishes, and chimaeras. Rome: FAO, 2002. p. 507-530.

[10] MASSA, A. M.; HOZBOR, N. M. Peces cartilaginosos de la plataforma argentina: Explotación, situación y necesidades para un manejo pesquero adecuado. Frente Marit, v. 19, n. 1, p. 199-206, 2003.

[11] MENNI, R.C. Rajidae del litoral bonaerense. I. Espécies de los géneros Raja, Bathyraja y Sympterygia (Chondrichtyes). Physis, Seccion a, v. 32, p. 413-439, 1973.

[12] ODDONE, M. C.; AMORIM, A. F. Lengthweight relationships, condition and population structure of the genus Atlantoraja (Elasmobranchii,Rajidae, rhynchobatidae) in South-eastern Brazilian waters, SW Atlantic Ocean. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Soc, v. 38, p. 43-52, 2007.

[13] ODDONE, M. C.; VELASCO, G. Relationship between liver weight, body size and reproductive activity in Atlantoraja cyclophora (Elasmobranchii: Rajidae: Arhynchobatinae) in oceanic waters off Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Neotrop. Biol. Conserv , v.1,n.1,p.1216, 2006.

[14] ODDONE, M. C.; VOOREN, C. M. Distribution and abundance of Atlantoraja cyclophora (Regan 1903) (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) with regard to salinity, temperature and depth in southern Brazil, south-western Atlantic. Neotrop. Ichthyol, v. 2, n. 3, p. 137-144, 2004.

[15] ODDONE, M. C.; VOOREN, C. M. Reproductive biology of Atlantoraja cyclophora (Regan 1903) (Elasmobranchii: Rajidae) off southern Brazil. ICES J. Mar. Sci, v. 62, p. 1095-1103, 2005.

[16] ODDONE, M. C.; PAESCH, L.; NORBIS, W. Length at first sexual maturity of two species of rajoid skates, genera Atlantoraja and Dipturus (Pisces, Elasmobranchii, Rajidae), from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. J. appl. Ichthyol, v. 21, p. 70-72, 2005.

[17] ODDONE, M. C; AMORIM, A. F.; MANCINI, P. L. Reproductive biology of the spotback skate, Atlantoraja castelnaui (Ribeiro, 1907) (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae) in southeastern Brazilian waters. Rev. Biol. Mar, v.43,n. 2, p. 327-334, 2008a.

[18] ODDONE, M. C.; NORBIS, W.; MANCINI, P. L.; AMORIM, A.F. Sexual development and reproductive cycle of the Eyespot skate Atlantoraja cyclophora (Regan, 1903) (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae: Arhynchobatinae), in southeastern Brazil. Acta Adriat, v. 49, n. 1, p. 73-87, 2008b.

[19] PAESCH, L.; DOMINGO, A. La pesca de condrictios en el Uruguay. Frente Marit v. 19, n. 1, p. 207-216, 2003.

[20] PAESCH, L.; ODDONE, M. C. Size at maturity and egg capsules of the softnose skates Bathyraja brachyurops (Fowler, 1910) and Bathyraja macloviana (Norman, 1937) (Elasmobranchii: Rajidae) in the SW Atlantic (37º00'-39º30'S). J. appl. Ichthyol, v. 25, p. 66-71, 2008.

[21] PERES, J. A; VOOREN, C. M. Ciclo reproductivo de quatro espécies do gênero Raja do Sul do Brasil. REUNIÃO GRUPO DE TRABALHO PESCA E PESQUISA TUBARÕES E ARRAIAS NO BRASIL, 6., Recife, Pernambuco, 1993. Resumo, 1993.

[22] PEREYRA, I.; ORLANDO L.; NORBIS W.; PAESCH L. Variación espacial y temporal de la composición por tallas y sexos del gatuso Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1939 capturado por la pesca de arrastre en la costa oceánica uruguaya durante 2004. Rev. Biol. mar, v. 43, n. 1, p. 159-166, 2008.

[23] SWAIN, D. P.; HURLBUT T.; BENOÎT, H. P. Changes in the abundance and size of skates in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1971-2002. J. Northwest. Atl. Fish. Soc, v. 36, n. 1, p. 19-30, 2005.

[24] SOKAL, R. R.; ROHLF, F. J. Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1998. 850 p.

[25] STEVENS, J. D.; BONFIL R.; DULVY, N. K.; WALKER, P. A. The effects of fishing on sharks, rays, and chimaeras (chondrichthyans), and the implications for marine ecosystems. ICES J. mar. Sci., v. 57, p. 476494, 2000.

[26] STOBUTZKI, I. C.; MILLER, M. J.; HEALES, D. S.; BREWER, D.T. Sustainability of elasmobranchs caught as bycatch in a tropical prawn (shrimp) trawl fishery. Fish. Bull. U.S. v. 100, p. 800-821, 2002.

[27] TEMPLEMAN, W. Differences in sexual maturity and related characteristics between populations of thorny skate (Raja radiata) in the northwest Atlantic. J. Northwest. Atl. Fish. Sci, n. 7, p. 155-167, 1987.

[28] VILLWOCK DE MIRANDA, V.; VOOREN, C. M. Captura e eforço da pesca de elasmobranquios demersais no sul do Brasil. Nos anos de 1975 a 1995. Frente Marit, v. 19, n. 1, p. 217-231, 2003.

[29] VOOREN C. M. Demersal elasmobranchs. In: U. SEELIGER, U.; ODEBRECHT, C. ; CASTELLO J.P.(Ed.). Subtropical Convergence Environments: The coast and sea in the Southwestern Atlantic. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1997. p. 141-146.

[30] VOOREN, C. M.; KLIPPEL, S. Biologia e status de conservação do cação-listrado Mustelus fasciatus: In: VOOREN, C. M.; KLIPPEL S. (Ed.). Ações para a conservação de tubarões e raias no sul do Brasil Porto Alegre: Igaré, 2005. p. 83-96.

[31] WALKER, P. A.; HISLOP, J. R. G. Sensitive skates or resilient rays? Spatial and temporal shifts in ray species composition in the central and north-western North Sea between 1930 and the present day. ICES J. mar. Sci, v. 55, p. 392-402, 1998.

[32] WALMSLEY-HART, S. A.; SAUER, W.; BUXTON, C. D. The biology of the skates Raja wallacei and R. pullopunctata (Batoidea: Rajidae) on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa. S. Afr. J. mar. Sci, v. 21, n. 1, p. 165179, 1999.

[33] ZAR, J.H. Biostatistical analysis Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004. 663 p.

Brasil

Brasil

Size and sex composition of two species of the genus Atlantoraja (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) caught by the bottom trawl fisheries operating on the Uruguayan continental shelf (southwestern Atlantic Ocean)

Abstracts

Publication Dates

History