Spatial and nycthemeral distribution of the zooneuston off Fernando de Noronha, Brazil

Abstracts

Island environments drastically modify the hydrodynamics of ocean currents and generate strong vertical turbulence. This leads to an upward transport of nutrient-rich waters, thus increasing the biomass of plankton in these oceanic marine environments. The objective of this study was to assess the biomass and density of the zooneuston communities in relation to the upper and lower layers (epi-/hyponeuston), the nycthemeral variation (day/night), the currents in relation to the island (downstream vs upstream), and the distance from the island, focusing on the spatial variability. Samples were taken in July and August 2010 with a David-Hempel neuston net (Hydro-Bios) with a mesh size of 500 µm. Twenty-one taxa were recorded. The most abundant taxa were Copepoda, Chaetognatha, Teleostei (eggs) and Hydrozoa. This is the first record of phoronid larvae for the waters of the Tropical Atlantic. For both layers, density and biomass were significantly higher at night. Density and biomass were always significantly higher in the upper (epineuston) layer than in the lower (hyponeuston) layer. This was probably due to a zooneuston aggregation at the surface and massive vertical migration from deep waters at night, leading to increased abundances at night in both neuston layers.

Neuston; Island Mass Effect; Zooplankton; Phoronid Larvae; Small-Scale Vertical Distribution; Tropical Atlantic

Ambientes insulares são responsáveis pela modificação da hidrodinâmica das correntes oceânicas e por gerar turbulência vertical. Esta faz com que águas da camada inferior ricas em nutrientes sejam elevadas à região superior da coluna de água, aumentando a biomassa do plâncton local. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a biomassa e a densidade e das comunidades do zoonêuston em relação às camadas superior e inferior da coluna de água (epi/hiponêuston), à variação nictemeral (dia/noite), corrente superficial predominante (jusante/montante) e à distância da ilha, com foco na variabilidade espacial do plâncton. Amostragens foram realizadas de julho a agosto de 2010 com uma rede de nêuston David-Hempel (Hydro-Bios) com malha de 500 µm. Vinte e um táxons foram registrados, sendo os mais abundantes Copepoda, Chaetognatha, Teleostei (ovos) e Hydrozoa. Apresenta-se também o primeiro registro de larvas de Phoronida para o Atlântico Tropical. Para ambas as camadas, a densidade e a biomassa foram significativamente mais elevadas durante a noite e também significativamente maiores no epinêuston. Este fato provavelmente ocorreu devido à agregação do zoonêuston na superfície do oceano e à forte migração vertical a partir de camadas profundas durante a noite, levando a um aumento das abundâncias dos organismos nesse período, em ambas as camadas neustônicas.

Nêuston; Efeito Ilha; Zooplâncton; Larvas de Phoronida; Distribuição Vertical em Pequena Escala; Atlântico Tropical

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  03 June 2014
• Date of issue
  Mar 2014

History

• Received
  14 Feb 2013
• Accepted
  20 Mar 2014
• Reviewed
  16 Feb 2014