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Musculoskeletal disorders and quality of life of dentists

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Quality of life has always been a human concern, especially nowadays when job market requirements are exposing dentists to stressing situations and adverse conditions, thus favoring the installation of several labor-related diseases. This study aimed at evaluating labor-related musculoskeletal disorders, painful symptoms and their relation with quality of life and the use of preventive measures by dentists.

METHODS:

Study population was made up of dentists of the private network (n=64). Two self-applicable questionnaires were used being one to measure quality of life World Health Organization Quality of Life-bref and the other for musculoskeletal disorders.

RESULTS:

Pain was more prevalent on neck and cervical spine (49.2%), followed by lumbar region (40%). With regard to quality of life, physical domain had higher mean scores (76.5%) followed by social relations domain (74.9%).

CONCLUSION:

The region with higher prevalence of pain was neck and cervical spine and professionals with pain were not so happy with their quality of life.

Keywords:
Dentists; Musculoskeletal disorders; Occupational diseases; Quality of life

RESUMO

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS:

A qualidade de vida sempre foi uma preocupação do homem, especialmente nos últimos tempos em que as exigências do mercado de trabalho vêm expondo o profissional de odontologia a situações estressantes e condições adversas, favorecendo a instalação de diversas doenças decorrentes das atividades laborais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho; sintomas dolorosos e sua relação com qualidade de vida e o emprego de medida preventiva entre cirurgiões-dentistas.

MÉTODOS:

A população de estudo foi composta por cirurgiões-dentistas da rede privada (n=64); dois questionários autoaplicáveis foram empregados, sendo um para mensurar qualidade de vida, World Health Organization Quality of Life-bref e o outro para distúrbios osteomusculares.

RESULTADOS:

A região mais acometida por dores foi a do pescoço e da coluna cervical (49,2%), seguida pela região lombar (40%). No que se relaciona à qualidade de vida, o domínio físico apresentou a média de escores mais altos (76,5%) seguido do domínio relações sociais (74,9%).

CONCLUSÃO:

A região com maior prevalência de sintomas dolorosos foi a do pescoço e coluna cervical; profissionais com dores apresentaram menor satisfação com sua qualidade de vida.

Descritores:
Distúrbios Osteomusculares; Doenças Ocupacionais; Qualidade de Vida; Odontólogos

INTRODUCTION

According to the World Health Organization (WHO)11 The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(10):1403-9., quality of life (QL) is defined as: "individual perception of your position in life, in the context of culture and value systems within you live, and with regard to your objectives, expectations, standards and concerns". It is a broad concept, encompassing physical health, psychological status, independence levels, social relationships, environmental characteristics and spiritual pattern11 The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(10):1403-9.

2 Pietrobon L, Regis Filho GI. Doenças de caráter ocupacional em cirurgiões-dentistas - um estudo de caso sobre cifoescoliose. RFO, Passo Fundo. 2010;15(2):111-8.

3 Pereira RJ, Cotta RM, Franceschini SC, Ribeiro RC, Sampaio RF, Priore SE, et al. Contribuição dos domínios físico, social, psicológico e ambiental para a qualidade de vida global de idosos. Rev Psiquiatr Rio Gd Sul. 2006;28(1):27-38.

4 Costa MS, Silva MJ. Qualidade de vida e trabalho: o que pensam os enfermeiros da rede básica de saúde. Rev Enferm UERJ. 2007;15(2):236-41.

5 Carvalho FS, Maia Júnior AF, Carvalho CA, Sales Peres A, Bastos JR, Sales Peres SH. Qualidade de vida do cirurgião-dentista. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2008;37(1):65-8.
-66 Régis Filho GI, Lopes MC. Qualidade de vida no trabalho: a empresa holística e a ecologia empresarial. Rev Admin. 2001;36(3):95-9..

Programs of Quality of Life in Work (QLW) and health promotion give individuals further resistance to stress, high emotional stability, motivation, working efficiency, improved self-image and relationships, resulting in fewer accidents, social security costs and absenteeism. These factors help organizations improving their image, increasing productivity and enhancing organizational environment77 Bittencourt MS, Calvo MC, Regis Filho GI. Qualidade de vida no trabalho em serviços públicos de saúde- um estudo de caso. RFO, Passo Fundo. 2007;12(1):21-6..

Labor activity occupies a critical space in human lives, thus the importance of looking for QL at work aiming at helping and meeting needs, considering that the level of individuals' satisfaction and involvement with their activities generates increased productivity77 Bittencourt MS, Calvo MC, Regis Filho GI. Qualidade de vida no trabalho em serviços públicos de saúde- um estudo de caso. RFO, Passo Fundo. 2007;12(1):21-6.

8 Carmo IC, Soares EA, Virtuoso Júnior JS, Guerra RO. Fatores associados à sintomatologia dolorosa e qualidade de vida em odontólogos da cidade de Teresina - PI. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2011;14(1):141-50.
-99 Saliba NA, Moimaz SA, Prado RL, Rovida TA, Garbin CA. Saúde do trabalhador na odontologia: o cirurgião-dentista em foco. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clíni Integr. João Pessoa, 2013;13(2):147-54.. Working conditions directly interfere with individuals' social relationships and especially with their health status. Currently, men are exposed to constant stressing situations related to labor activities, favoring the manifestation of several diseases, called occupational diseases1010 WHO (World Health Organization) 1946.Constitution of the World Health Organization. Basic Documents. WHO. Genebra..

Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD) are in evidence and are considered the most frequent occupational disease1111 Salvador Filho JR, Vasconcelos MA, Carvalho RL, Pinheiro JT. Ocorrência de doenças osteoarticulares em cirurgiões-dentistas. Int J Dent. 2003;2(1):216-20.. As from the Industrial Revolution, occupational diseases started to be diagnosed by Social Security (SS) and recognized by workers and unions, because until then they were considered idiopathic affections1212 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde Departamento de Ações Programáticas e Estratégicas. Área técnica de Saúde do trabalhador. Lesões por esforços repetitivos (LER), distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT), dor relacionada ao trabalho: protocolos de atenção integral à Saúde do trabalhador de complexidade diferenciada. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2001.. In Brazil, the first terminology adopted by SS to define this group of musculoskeletal disorders was "tenosynovitis of the typist"; in 1992 they started to be called repetitive strain injuries (RSI) and this term was afterward replace by WRMD, or Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, following the world trend of unifying studies about musculoskeletal affections in a single term, eliminating the false idea that this clinical presentation only affects workers performing repetitive movements1111 Salvador Filho JR, Vasconcelos MA, Carvalho RL, Pinheiro JT. Ocorrência de doenças osteoarticulares em cirurgiões-dentistas. Int J Dent. 2003;2(1):216-20.

12 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde Departamento de Ações Programáticas e Estratégicas. Área técnica de Saúde do trabalhador. Lesões por esforços repetitivos (LER), distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT), dor relacionada ao trabalho: protocolos de atenção integral à Saúde do trabalhador de complexidade diferenciada. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2001.
-1313 Graça CC, Araújo TM, Silva CE. Desordens musculoesqueléticas em cirurgioes-dentistas.Sitientibus. 2006;(34):71-86..

Such disorders represent a set of syndromes affecting muscles, muscle fascias, vessels, tendons, ligaments, nerves and joints, and may affect any region of the locomotor system, although being more frequent in cervical and lumbar regions and upper limbs (UULL)66 Régis Filho GI, Lopes MC. Qualidade de vida no trabalho: a empresa holística e a ecologia empresarial. Rev Admin. 2001;36(3):95-9.,1313 Graça CC, Araújo TM, Silva CE. Desordens musculoesqueléticas em cirurgioes-dentistas.Sitientibus. 2006;(34):71-86.,1414 Gazzola F, Sartor N, Ávila SN. Prevalencia de desordens musculoesqueléticas em odontologistas de Caxias do Sul. Cienc Saúde. 2008;1(2):50-6.. For performing constant movements with UULL, especially hands, using vibratory tools needing strong grip, dentists are highly subject to develop diseases such as Carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger and De Quervain syndrome, which cause inflammations which may limit movements thus impairing the practice of the profession1515 Silva Júnior DS, Schneid JL, Silva DS, Castro AG, Nunes RD. Distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho em cirurgioes-dentistas: revisao de literatura. Amazônia Sci Health. 2013;1(1):13-8..

The technical standard of the National Social Security Institute (INSS) (Service Order/INSS 606/1998) defines WRMD as a clinical syndrome characterized by work-related chronic pain followed or not by objective changes, especially manifested in the neck, shoulder girdle and/or UULL, which may affect tendons, muscles and peripheral nerves1616 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Departamento de Açoes Programáticas e Estratégias. Área Técnica de Saúde do Trabalhador. Doenças relacionadas ao trabalho - Manual de procedimentos para os serviços de saúde. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2001.. Most WRMDs are associated to biomechanical, psychosocial and administrative factors. Biomechanical factors are related to repetitive and manual movements using strength, inadequate posture and static overload; psychosocial factors are those related to strong pressure to obtain results, monotonous work and lack of interaction among colleagues; administrative factors are those related to excessive working hours, lack of necessary pauses and lack of health promotion and prevention1717 Alexandre PC, Silva IC, Souza LM, Magalhaes Câmara V, Palácios M, Meyer A. Musculoskeletal disorders among Brazilian dentists. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2011;66(4):231-5..

WRMD signs and symptoms may vary according to each individual, being some of them common to all people. The first symptom is pain, which in the beginning is mild and associated to movement and becomes severe and continuous along time. In addition to pain, there are also sensation of weight and tiredness in the affected limb, tingling, numbness, crackling, circulatory disorders, edema, localized heat, fatigue, decreased strength, cramps, muscle atrophy and psychological disorders such as insomnia, depression and anxiey1111 Salvador Filho JR, Vasconcelos MA, Carvalho RL, Pinheiro JT. Ocorrência de doenças osteoarticulares em cirurgiões-dentistas. Int J Dent. 2003;2(1):216-20..

There are currently few professional categories which do not offer risk of developing some type of occupational disease, however some professions have a higher trend, such as: bank clerks, factory and industry workers and dentists, among others1818 Siqueira GR, Silva AM, Vieira RA, Silva RB. Dores músculo-esqueléticas em estudantes de odontologia. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde. 2010;23(2):150-9..

Dentistry is considered a profession often associated to occupational diseases1717 Alexandre PC, Silva IC, Souza LM, Magalhaes Câmara V, Palácios M, Meyer A. Musculoskeletal disorders among Brazilian dentists. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2011;66(4):231-5., with a direct relationship between high indices of stress and physical pain and irregular ergonomic aspects, which are expressed by inadequate postures, physical and mental tiredness, as well as pathological conditions such as WRMD and stress-related diseases1919 Miyamoto ST, Salmaso C, Mehanna A, Batistela AE, Sato T, Grego ML. Fisioterapia preventiva atuando na ergonomia e no stress no trabalho. Rev Fisioter Univ São Paulo. 1999;6(1):83-91..

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional, quantitative and analytical study. For sample calculation, estimated prevalence of 93% was adopted according to previous study1717 Alexandre PC, Silva IC, Souza LM, Magalhaes Câmara V, Palácios M, Meyer A. Musculoskeletal disorders among Brazilian dentists. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2011;66(4):231-5., tolerable error of 5% and confidence level of 95%. So, sample was made up of 59 dentists. To this number, 10% were added for possible losses and refusals. Studied population was made up of dentists (n=64) acting in the private sector in cities of the state of São Paulo. Dentists not accepting to participate in the study and those who were not found in their offices after three attempts were excluded (n=76).

Research tools were two self-applicable questionnaires which were answered by professionals in their respective working environments. One of the was the Nordic questionnaire for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms (NQMS)2020 Kuorinka I, Jonsson B, Kilbom A, Vinterberg H, Biering-Sorensen F, Andersson G, et al. Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Appl Ergon. 1987;18(3):233-7. in its validated version for the Brazilian population2121 Pinheiro FA, Tróccoli BT, Carvalho CV. Validaçao do Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares como medida de morbidade. Rev Saúde Pública. 2002;36(3):307-12., which has allowed to check the frequency and region of pain in a period of 12 months of work.

This tool is made up of 9 questions, being each one equivalent to a body region and illustrated by a human figure: neck/cervical region; shoulders; arms; elbows; forearms; wrists/hands/fingers; dorsal region; lumbar region; hip/lower limbs (LLLL). These questions have a scale from zero to 3 where: zero - no; 1 - seldom; 2 - often; 3 - always. The other tool, the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOLbref) (WHO)2222 The Whoqol Group. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL--bref. Quality of Life Assesment 1998. Psychol Med. 1998;28(3):551-8. explores QL self-report. Its abbreviated version validated for the Brazilian population2323 Fleck MP, Louzada S, Xavier M, Chachamovich E, Vieira G, Santos L, et al. Aplicaçao da versao em portugues do instrumento abreviado de avaliaçao da qualidade de vida "WHOQOL-bref". Rev Saúde Pública. 2000;34(2):178-83. is made up of 26 questions regarding the last 15 days previous to the evaluation. First two questions are general questions, being the first a reference to individual QL perception and the second about satisfaction with health. Remaining questions, in a total of 24, are distributed in four domains: physical, psychological, social relations and environment. WHOQOL does not provide for the use of global QL score being then calculated the score for each domain. The score for each domain is obtained in a positive scale from zero to 100, that is, the higher the score the better the QL in that domain.

Answers are represented in a Likert-type scale for: intensity, capacity, frequency and evaluation. Intensity is classified in: nothing, very little, more or less, a lot and extremely. Capacity is classified in: nothing, very little, more or less, a lot and extremely. Capacity is classified in: nothing, very little, medium, a lot and totally. Frequency is classified as: never, sometimes, often, very often and always. Evaluation is classified in: very bad, bad, not bad or good, good and very good; very happy, unhappy, not happy nor unhappy, happy and very happy. Domains:

  1. Physical: individuals' perception of their physical condition. It has the facets: pain and discomfort; energy and fatigue; sleep and rest; daily life activities; drug or treatment dependence and working capacity;

  2. Psychological: individuals' perception of their affective and cognitive condition and the facets are positive feelings; think, learn, memory and concentration; self-esteem; body image and appearance; negative feelings and spirituality/religions/personal beliefs;

  3. Social relations: individuals' perception of social relations and social roles adopted in life, with the following facets: personal relations; social support and sexual activity;

  4. Environment: individuals' perception of aspects related to the environment where they live. Facets are: physical safety and protection; home environment; financial resources; health and social care: availability and quality; opportunities to acquire new information and skills; participation, recreation/leisure opportunities; physical environment (pollution/ noise/traffic/weather) and transportation.

All health professionals agreeing to participate in the study have signed the Free and Informed Consent Term (FICT).

Statistical analysis

Data were stored and processed with the BioEstat version 5.3 and Epi Info 7 software. For descriptive analysis of all variables and bivariate analyses Mann-Whitney test was applied with significance level of 5%.

The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, CAAE 35843614.5.0000.5420, Consubstantiate Opinion 875.562/2014 and complied with ethical principles according to the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association.

RESULTS

With regard to respondents' distribution, there has been predominance of females (59.4%). Most dentists (54.7%) worked more than 8 hours a day. When asked about physical activities, 50% have stated practicing physical exercises at least twice a week (Table 1).

Table 1
Sample distribution according to demographic variables

Table 2 presents results of frequency of self-referred pain by body region. Most prevalent region was neck and cervical spine, being that from 64 participants, 49.2% have reported pain in this region, followed by lumbar region with 40%; elbows had the lowest prevalence of pain (4.6%) (Figure 1).

Table 2
Distribution of professionals according to pain self-report and body region of dentists

Figure 1
Distribution of pain self-report by body region

Table 3 shows results of self-referred pain frequency by body region. Region with the highest prevalence of painful symptoms was neck and cervical spine, being that from 64 participants, 49.2% have reported pain in this region, followed by lumbar region with 40%; elbows had the lowest prevalence of pain (4.6%).

Table 3
Central trend and dispersion of scores of WHOQOL-bref domains among dentists

Professionals with and without pain were compared with regard to WHOQOL-bref score domains. In all domains, professionals without pain had in average higher scores (17.00) as compared to those with pain, that is, from all domains, professionals without pain had higher scores (16.62) as compared to those with pain (15.30). With regard to Mann-Whitney test, those with statistical significant difference were: physical domain (p=0.0112), QL self-evaluation (p=0.0061) and the sum of all domains (p=0.0438) as shown in table 4.

Table 4
WHOQOL-bref score parameters according to domains and painful symptoms

DISCUSSION

Musculoskeletal pain and discomfort affect 62% of general population and the proportion increases to 93% among dentists1717 Alexandre PC, Silva IC, Souza LM, Magalhaes Câmara V, Palácios M, Meyer A. Musculoskeletal disorders among Brazilian dentists. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2011;66(4):231-5.; this professional category is among those with more professionals on medical leave due to temporary or permanent incapacity, being responsible for approximately 30% of early profession abandonment1717 Alexandre PC, Silva IC, Souza LM, Magalhaes Câmara V, Palácios M, Meyer A. Musculoskeletal disorders among Brazilian dentists. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2011;66(4):231-5.. Dentists are vulnerable to musculoskeletal disorders for frequently performing repetitive and precise movements, adopting inadequate postures due to surgical technique needs, excessive strengths and long working hours22 Pietrobon L, Regis Filho GI. Doenças de caráter ocupacional em cirurgiões-dentistas - um estudo de caso sobre cifoescoliose. RFO, Passo Fundo. 2010;15(2):111-8.,2424 Hayes MJ, Smith DR, Taylor JA. Musculoskeletal disorders and symptom severity among Australian dental hygienists. BMC Res Notes. 2013;6:250.

25 Yarid SD, Diniz DG, Orenha ES, Arcieri RM, Garbin AJ. Aplicaçao de princípios de ergonomia no atendimento odontológico. Interbio. 2009;3(2):11-7.

26 Rabiei M, Shakiba M, Dehgan-Shahreza H, Talebzadeh M. Musculoskeletal disorders in dentists. Int J Occup Hig. 2012;4(1):36-40.

27 Garbin AJ, Presta AA, Garbin CA, Saliba O, Lima DC. Prevalencia de sintomatologia dolorosa recurrente del ejercicio profesional en cirujanos dentistas. Acta Odontol Venez. 2009;47(1):68-78.

28 Medeiros UV, Segatto GG. Lesoes por esforços repetitivos (LER) e distúrbios osteomusculares (Dort) em dentistas. Rev Bras Odontol. 2012;69(1):49-54.

29 Garbin AJ, Garbin CA, Arcieri RM, Rovida TA, Freire AC. Musculoskeletal pain and ergonomic aspects of dentistry. Rev Dor. 2015;16(2):90-5.

30 Araújo MA, Paula MV. LER/DORT: um grave problema de saúde pública que acomete os cirurgioes-dentistas. Rev APS. 2003;6(2):87-93.
-3131 Santos Filho SB, Barreto SM. Atividade ocupacional e prevalencia de dor osteomuscular em cirurgioes-dentistas de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil: contribuição ao debate sobre os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho. Cad Saúde Pública. 2001;17(1):181-93..

The Ministry of Health3232 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Departamento de Açoes Programáticas e Estratégicas. Área Técnica de Saúde do Trabalhador. LER/DORT: dilemas, polemicas e dúvidas. Brasil: Ministério da Saúde; 2001. points that females, regardless of profession, are more prone to develop WRMD as compared to males for still unknown reasons. So studies with homogeneous samples are needed to prove this prevalence3232 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Departamento de Açoes Programáticas e Estratégicas. Área Técnica de Saúde do Trabalhador. LER/DORT: dilemas, polemicas e dúvidas. Brasil: Ministério da Saúde; 2001.. Some authors advocate a biomedical indication referring to the fact that musculoskeletal development is different in females, who have a smaller number of muscle fibers as compared to males, as well as lower capacity to store and convert glycogen into useful energy3333 Kotliarenko A, Michel-Crosato E, Haye Biazevic MG, Crosato E, Silva PR. Distúrbios osteomusculares e fatores associados em cirurgioes dentistas do meio oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. Rev Odonto Cienc. 2009;24(2):173-9..

With regard to working hours, this study has observed that participant dentists have reported working more than eight hours per day (54.7%), exposing professionals for a long time to factors noxious to health, such as adopting the same posture without pausing, manual strength and continuous repetitive and vibratory movements77 Bittencourt MS, Calvo MC, Regis Filho GI. Qualidade de vida no trabalho em serviços públicos de saúde- um estudo de caso. RFO, Passo Fundo. 2007;12(1):21-6. Long working hours and inadequate conditions are part, respectively, of administrative and mechanical factors causing WRMD. They influence QLe, in addition to generating professional dissatisfaction due to lack of time available for leisure88 Carmo IC, Soares EA, Virtuoso Júnior JS, Guerra RO. Fatores associados à sintomatologia dolorosa e qualidade de vida em odontólogos da cidade de Teresina - PI. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2011;14(1):141-50..

Dentists, for acting in a restrict surgical field, adopt usual posture of head and neck flexion, followed by rotation and with shoulders bent forward, in the attempt to get a better visual field. This circumstance leads to cervical intervertebral discs compression and may cause dehydration in the long term, in addition to generating posterior neck muscles shortening, while medium and lower trapezium fibers may be elongated3333 Kotliarenko A, Michel-Crosato E, Haye Biazevic MG, Crosato E, Silva PR. Distúrbios osteomusculares e fatores associados em cirurgioes dentistas do meio oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. Rev Odonto Cienc. 2009;24(2):173-9.,3434 Vuletić J, Potran M, Kalem D, Panić Z, Puškar T. Prevalence and risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in dentists. Serbian Dent J. 2013;60(1):24-32..

The higher frequency of neck and cervical spine pain has been already reported by national and international studies, as well as by our study1818 Siqueira GR, Silva AM, Vieira RA, Silva RB. Dores músculo-esqueléticas em estudantes de odontologia. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde. 2010;23(2):150-9.,2626 Rabiei M, Shakiba M, Dehgan-Shahreza H, Talebzadeh M. Musculoskeletal disorders in dentists. Int J Occup Hig. 2012;4(1):36-40.,3333 Kotliarenko A, Michel-Crosato E, Haye Biazevic MG, Crosato E, Silva PR. Distúrbios osteomusculares e fatores associados em cirurgioes dentistas do meio oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. Rev Odonto Cienc. 2009;24(2):173-9.,3434 Vuletić J, Potran M, Kalem D, Panić Z, Puškar T. Prevalence and risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in dentists. Serbian Dent J. 2013;60(1):24-32.. Most common neck WRMD is cervicobrachialgia, which may be caused by muscle fatigue, repetitive movements and incorrect postures2828 Medeiros UV, Segatto GG. Lesoes por esforços repetitivos (LER) e distúrbios osteomusculares (Dort) em dentistas. Rev Bras Odontol. 2012;69(1):49-54..

Environment had the lowest score among domains. These results were similar to other studies using WHOQOL-bref to evaluate QL of dentists55 Carvalho FS, Maia Júnior AF, Carvalho CA, Sales Peres A, Bastos JR, Sales Peres SH. Qualidade de vida do cirurgião-dentista. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2008;37(1):65-8.,66 Régis Filho GI, Lopes MC. Qualidade de vida no trabalho: a empresa holística e a ecologia empresarial. Rev Admin. 2001;36(3):95-9..

Working environment is extremely important for professional satisfaction. When healthy in terms of physical, financial and social safety, it becomes source of support for professionals, however, very often, the environment is inadequate and becomes a source of stress77 Bittencourt MS, Calvo MC, Regis Filho GI. Qualidade de vida no trabalho em serviços públicos de saúde- um estudo de caso. RFO, Passo Fundo. 2007;12(1):21-6..

Observed pain complaints were consistent with levels of satisfaction in the physical domain, that is, pain interferes with routine activities and working capacity and even with QL.

These results are in line with the group of WHOQOL developers who, in the physical domain, associate pain to worse QL77 Bittencourt MS, Calvo MC, Regis Filho GI. Qualidade de vida no trabalho em serviços públicos de saúde- um estudo de caso. RFO, Passo Fundo. 2007;12(1):21-6.. In addition to physical domain, pain had significant relationship with total domains, proving its strong influence on QL in general. Dentists with pain were less happy with their QL77 Bittencourt MS, Calvo MC, Regis Filho GI. Qualidade de vida no trabalho em serviços públicos de saúde- um estudo de caso. RFO, Passo Fundo. 2007;12(1):21-6.,3535. Ruivo MA, Alves MC, Bérzin MG, Bérzin F. Prevalence of pain at the head, face and neck and its association with quality of life in general population of Piracicaba city, Sao Paulo: an epidemiological study. Rev Dor. 2015;16(1):15-21.. Some preventive measures should be adopted by dentists to decrease the level of stress, prevent the frequency of painful symptoms and afterward WRMD diagnosis. One alternative is labor gymnastic, including stretching, massage, physical and psychological relaxation and physiotherapy. A broad ergonomic reform is needed in dentistry so that dentists adopt and use ergonomically correct postures in their daily professional activities2121 Pinheiro FA, Tróccoli BT, Carvalho CV. Validaçao do Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares como medida de morbidade. Rev Saúde Pública. 2002;36(3):307-12..

CONCLUSION

Most frequent pain among dentists was in neck and cervical spine. Environment domain had the lowest WHOQOL-bref score mean. Dentists with pain were less happy with their QL.

  • Sponsoring sources: Proex.

REFERENCES

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    The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(10):1403-9.
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    Pietrobon L, Regis Filho GI. Doenças de caráter ocupacional em cirurgiões-dentistas - um estudo de caso sobre cifoescoliose. RFO, Passo Fundo. 2010;15(2):111-8.
  • 3
    Pereira RJ, Cotta RM, Franceschini SC, Ribeiro RC, Sampaio RF, Priore SE, et al. Contribuição dos domínios físico, social, psicológico e ambiental para a qualidade de vida global de idosos. Rev Psiquiatr Rio Gd Sul. 2006;28(1):27-38.
  • 4
    Costa MS, Silva MJ. Qualidade de vida e trabalho: o que pensam os enfermeiros da rede básica de saúde. Rev Enferm UERJ. 2007;15(2):236-41.
  • 5
    Carvalho FS, Maia Júnior AF, Carvalho CA, Sales Peres A, Bastos JR, Sales Peres SH. Qualidade de vida do cirurgião-dentista. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2008;37(1):65-8.
  • 6
    Régis Filho GI, Lopes MC. Qualidade de vida no trabalho: a empresa holística e a ecologia empresarial. Rev Admin. 2001;36(3):95-9.
  • 7
    Bittencourt MS, Calvo MC, Regis Filho GI. Qualidade de vida no trabalho em serviços públicos de saúde- um estudo de caso. RFO, Passo Fundo. 2007;12(1):21-6.
  • 8
    Carmo IC, Soares EA, Virtuoso Júnior JS, Guerra RO. Fatores associados à sintomatologia dolorosa e qualidade de vida em odontólogos da cidade de Teresina - PI. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2011;14(1):141-50.
  • 9
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Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    Oct-Dec 2016

History

  • Received
    20 May 2016
  • Accepted
    25 Oct 2016
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