Determinantes do Desempenho Exportador de Pequenas e Médias Empresas Manufatureiras Brasileiras sob a Perspectiva da Visão Baseada em Recursos e do Modelo de Uppsala

Torrens, Edson Wilson; Amal, Mohamed; Tontini, Gérson

doi:10.7819/rbgn.v16i52.1601

RESUMO

Estudos envolvendo os determinantes do desempenho exportador abrangem empresas localizadas em países desenvolvidos e inseridas em economias emergentes. Verificou-se a predominância de estudos centrados em empresas de grande porte de países desenvolvidos. Os estudos testaram a RBV e o Modelo de Uppsala de forma isolada. O emprego combinado das variáveis dos modelos da RBV e de Uppsala nos estudos das PMEs brasileiras apresentam-se como uma lacuna a ser preenchida em pesquisas organizacionais. Esta pesquisa contribui com conhecimentos teóricos e empíricos que envolvem os fenômenos relacionados à internacionalização de PMEs brasileiras pela proposta de um modelo integrador destas abordagens. Objetiva-se, nesta pesquisa, identificar os determinantes do desempenho exportador de PMEs na perspectiva da RBV e do Modelo de Uppsala Sobre um leventamento com 84 PMEs, foram empregadas técnicas estatísticas múltiplas (análise fatorial, regressão linear e logística e, modelagem de equações estruturais). Recursos influenciados pelas idiossincrasias da empresa e seu estágio de internacionalização influenciaram o desempenho exportador. Recursos gerenciais foram preponderantes sobre os recursos organizacionais. Estágio de internacionalização e tempo exportando influenciaram a relação entre desempenho exportador e recursos. Tamanho e intensidade tecnológica não mediaram o desempenho exportador. Recursos e estágio de internacionalização afetam o desempenho exportador das PMEs. Foi elaborada a seguinte pergunta: Quais os determinantes do desempenho exportador das PMEs manufatureiras brasileiras? As PMEs de países emergentes despertam a atenção dos governos mundiais visto sua importância econômica, oportunidades de emprego e renda que propiciam, bem como desafios que defrontam ao inovar, promover a sustentabilidade, estabelecer e consolidar sua internacionalização.

Palavras-chave:
Desempenho exportador; Modelo de Uppsala; Pequenas e médias empresas; Visão baseada em recursos

RESUMEM

Los estudios sobre los determinantes de lo desempeño exportador incluyen las empresas ubicadas en países desarrollados y en economías emergentes. Se identificó lo predominio de estudios centrados en las grandes empresas de los países desarrollados. Los estudios evaluaron la RBV y el modelo de Uppsala en forma aislada. El uso combinado de las variables en los modelos de RBV y Uppsala ne estudios de las PMEs brasileñas son raros entre las investigaciónes de la organización. Esta investigación contribuye al conocimiento teórico y empírico que implica los fenómenos relacionados con la internacionalización de las PMEss brasileñas, proponiendo un modelo de integración de estos enfoques. Lo objetivo de esto estudo es identificar los factores determinantes del desempeño exportador de las PMEs en la perspectiva de la RBV y el Modelo de Uppsala. Sobre un leventamento con 84 PMEs se emplearon varias técnicas estadísticas (análisis factorial, regresión lineal y logística y modelagen de ecuaciones estructurales). Recursos influenciados por las idiosincrasias de la empresa y su estagio de internacionalización afectado el desempeño de las exportaciones. Recursos de gestión prevalecieron sobre los recursos de la organización. Estagio de internacionalización y tiempo de exportación influyó la relación entre las exportaciones y recursos. El tamaño y la intensidad tecnológica no medió de las exportaciones. Recursos y etapa de internacionalización afectan el desempeño de las exportaciones de las PMEs. Se desarrolló la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cuáles son los factores determinantes del desempeño exportador de las PMEs industriales brasileñas? PMEs de los países emergentes despertan la atención de los gobiernos en todo el mundo por su importancia económicas, empleo y oportunidades de ingresos que proporcionan y desafíos de innovación, promover la sostenibilidad, establecer y consolidar su internacionalización.

Palabras-clave:
Desempeño exportador; Pequeñas y medianas empresas; Visión basada en recursos; Modelo de Uppsala

ABSTRACT

Studies of the determinants of export performance include companies located in developed countries and emerging economies. A predominance of studies focusing on large companies in developed countries was observed. The studies tested the RBV and the Uppsala model in isolated ways. The combined use of variables in the models of RBV and Uppsala studies of Brazilian SMEs appear as a gap to be filled in organizational research. This research contributes to theoretical and empirical knowledge involving the phenomena related to the internationalization of Brazilian SMEs by proposing a model integrating these approaches. This research aims identify the determinants of export performance of SMEs in the perspective of RBV and the Uppsala Model. On a survey with 84 SMEs were employed multiple statistical techniques (factor analysis, linear and logistic regression and structural equation modeling). Resources influenced by the idiosyncrasies of the company and its stage of internationalization affected the export performance. Managerial resources were prevalent on organizational resources. Stage of internationalization and exporting time influenced the relationship between export performance and resources. Size and technological intensity not mediated export performance. Resources and stage of internationalization affect the export performance of SMEs. The following question was developed: What are the determinants of export performance of Brazilian manufacturing SMEs? SMEs in emerging countries arouse the attention of governments worldwide since its economic, employment and income opportunities that provide and challenges facing to innovate, promote sustainability, establish and consolidate its internationalization.

Keywords:
Export performance; Uppsala model; Small and medium enterprises; Resource-based view

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Processo de avaliação: Double Blind Review

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Oct-Dec 2014

Histórico

Recebido
07 Abr 2013
Aceito
18 Nov 2014

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons

[1] AABY, N-E; SLATER, S. F. Management influences on export performance: a review of the empirical literature. International Marketing Review, Bradford, v. 6, n. 4, p. 7- 26, 1989.

[2] ALÉM, A. C.; GIAMBIAGI, F. O BNDES em um Brasil em transição. Rio de Janeiro: BNDES, 2010.

[3] ALMEIDA, A. Internacionalização de empresas brasileiras. Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Dom Cabral, 2007.

[4] ARMARIO, J. M.; RUIZ, D. M.; ARMARIO, E. M. Market orientation and internationalization in small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Small Business Management, Morgantown, v. 46, n. 4, p. 485-511, Oct 2008.

[5] BABAKUS, E.; YAVAS, U.; HAAHTI, A. Perceived uncertainty, networking and export performance: a study of Nordic SMEs. European Business Review, Bradford, v. 18, n. 1, p. 4-13, 2006.

[6] BARNEY, J. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, Thousand Oaks, v. 17, n. 1, p. 99-120, Mar. 1991.

[7] BONACCORSI, A. On the relationship between firm size and export intensity. Journal of International Business Studies, Basingstoke, v. 23, n. 4, p. 605-635, 1992.

[8] BRASIL. Empreendedor - Mapa das micro e pequenas empresas: empregos de pequenas e medias empresas. 2012. Disponível em: <Disponível em: http://www.brasil.gov.br/empreendedor/empreendedorismo-hoje/o-mapa-das-micro-e-pequenas-empresas/print >. Acesso em: 25 de jul. 2012.
» http://www.brasil.gov.br/empreendedor/empreendedorismo-hoje/o-mapa-das-micro-e-pequenas-empresas/print

[9] BROUTHERS, L. E.; BROUTHERS, K. D.; WERNER, S. Is dunning’s eclectic framework descriptive or normative? Journal of International Business Studies, Basingstoke, v. 30, n. 4, p. 831-844, 1999.

[10] BROUTHERS, L.; NAKOS, G.The role of systematic international market selection on small firms’ export performance. Journal of Small Business Management, Morgantown, v. 43, n. 4, p. 363-381, Oct. 2005.

[11] CAMISON, C.; VILLAR-LÓPEZ, A. Effect of SMEs’ International experience on foreign intensity and economic performance: the mediating role of internationally exploitable assets and competitive strategy. Journal of Small Business Management, Morgantown, v. 48, n. 2, p. 116-151, 2010.

[12] CARNEIRO, J.; ROCHA, A.; SILVA, J. F. Determinants of export performance: a study of large brazilian manufacturing firms. Brazilian Administration Review, Rio de Janeiro, v. 8, n. 2, p. 107-132, Apr./June 2011.

[13] COOPER, D. R.; SCHINDLER, P. S. Métodos de pesquisa em administração, 7. ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2003.

[14] COVIELLO, N.; MUNRO, H. Network relationships and the internationalisation process of small software firms. International Business Review, [S. l.], v. 6, n. 4, p. 361, Aug. 1997.

[15] CZINKOTA, M. R.; URSIC, M. Classification of Exporting Firms According to Sales and Growth into a Share Matrix. Journal of Business Research, New York, v. 22, n. 3, p. 241 -253, 1991.

[16] DHANARAJ, C., BEAMISH, P.W. A resource-based approach to the study of export performance. Journal of Small Business Management, Morgantown, v. 41, n. 3, p.242-61, 2003.

[17] DIERICKX, I.; COOL, K. Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science, Linthicum, v. 35, n. 12, p. 1504-151, Dec. 1989.

[18] FÁVERO, L. P. et al. Análise de dados: modelagem multivariada para tomada de decisões. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2009.

[19] FORTE, S. H. A. C.; MOREIRA, M. Z. Competitividade internacional baseada em recursos estudo da relação entre os recursos e as estratégias de internacionalização nas maiores empresas exportadoras do setor calçadista brasileiro. Revista de Ciências da Administração, Florianópolis, v. 9, n. 17, p. 27-52, jan./abr. 2007.

[20] HAIR, J. F. et al. Análise multivariada de dados. 6. ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman , 2009.

[21] JOHANSON, J.; WIEDERSHEIM-PAUL, F. The internationalization of the firm: Four Swedish cases. Journal of Management Studies, Oxford, v. 12, n. 3, p. 305-322, Oct. 1975.

[22] JOHANSON, J.; VAHLNE, J. The internationalization process of the firm - a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitment. Journal of International Business Studies, Basingstoke, v. 8, n. 1, p. 23-32, Spring/Summer 1977.

[23] JOHANSON, J.; VAHLNE, J. The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership. Journal of International Business Studies. Basingstoke, v. 40, p. 1411-1431, 2009.

[24] KALEKA, A. Studying resource and capability effects on export venture performance. Journal of World Business, Oxford, v. 47, n. 1, p. 93-105, Jan. 2012.

[25] KATSIKEAS, C. S.; LEONIDOU, L. C.; MORGAN, N. A. Firm-Level Export Performance Assessment: Review, Evaluation, and Development. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, [S. l.], v. 28, n. 4, p. 493-511, Fall 2000.

[26] KATSIKEAS, C.; PIERCY, N.; IOANNIDIS, C. Determinants of export performance in a European context. European Journal of Marketing, [S. l.], v. 30, n. 6, p. 6-35, 1996.

[27] LADO, N.; MARTÍNEZ-ROS, E.; VALENZUELA, A. Identifying successful marketing strategies by export regional destination. International Marketing Review, Bradford, v. 21, n. 6, p. 573-597, 2004.

[28] LADO, N.; MARTÍNEZ-ROS, E. SME internationalization and performance: growth vs. profitability. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Dordrecht, v. 4, n. 1, p. 27-48, Mar. 2006.

[29] MAJOCCHI, A.; BACCHIOCCHI, E.; MAYRHOFER, U. Firm size, business experience and export intensity in SMEs: a longitudinal approach to complex relationships. International Business Review, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 6, p. 719-38, Dec. 2005.

[30] MARSHALL, A. Princípios de economia: tratado introdutório. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1982.

[31] MARTIN-TAPIA, I.; ARAGÓN-CORREA, J. A.; RUEDA-ANZANARES, A. Environmental strategy and exports in medium, small and micro-enterprises. Journal of World Business, Oxford, v. 45, n. 3, p. 266-275, July 2010.

[32] MAUREL, C. Determinants of export performance in French wine SMEs. International Journal of Wine Business Research, Bradford, v. 21, n. 2, p. 118-142, 2009.

[33] MONTOBIO, F.; RAMPA, F. The Impact of technology and structural change on export performance in nine developing countries. World Development, Oxford, v. 33, n. 4, p. 527-547, 2005.

[34] MORGAN, N. A.; VORHIES D. W.; SCHLEGELMILCH B. B. Resource-performance relationships in industrial export ventures: the role of resource inimitability and substitutability. Industrial Marketing Management, New York, v. 35, n. 5, p. 621-633, July 2006.

[35] MUSTEEN, M.; FRANCIS, J.; DATTA, D. K. The influence of international networks on internationalization speed and performance: a study of Czech SMEs. Journal of World Business, Oxford, v. 45, n. 3, p. 197-205, July 2010.

[36] NAVARRO, A et al.. Implications of perceived competitive advantages, adaptation of marketing tactics and export commitment on export performance. Journal of World Business, Oxford, n. 45, p. 49-58, Jan. 2010.

[37] O’CASS, A.; WEERAWARDENA, J. Examining the role of international entrepreneurship, innovation and international market performance in SME internationalization. European Journal of Marketing, [S. l.].,v. 43, n. 11/12, p. 1325-1348, 2009.

[38] O’GRADY, S.; LANE, H. W. The psychic distance paradox. Journal of International Business Studies, Basingstoke, v. 27, n. 2, p. 309-333, 1996.

[39] PANGARKAR, N. Internationalization and performance of small and medium-sized Enterprises. Journal of World Business, Oxford, v. 43, n. 4, p. 475-485, Oct. 2008.

[40] PAPADOPOULOS, N.; MARTÍN, O. M. Toward a model of the relationship between internationalization and export performance. International Business Review, New York, v. 19, n. 4, p. 388-406, Aug. 2010.

[41] PENROSE, E. A teoria do crescimento da firma. Tradução Tamás Szmrecsányi. Campinas, SP: Editora Unicamp, 2006.

[42] RACELA, O. C.; CHAIKITTISILPA, C.; THOUMRUNGROJE, A. Market orientation, international business relationships and perceived export performance. International Marketing Review, Bradford, v. 24, n. 2, p. 144-163, 2007.

[43] REID, S. D. Is technology linked with export performance in small firms? In: Hubner, H. The art and science of innovation management. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1986, p. 273-83.

[44] ROPER, S.; LOVE, J. H.; HÍGONN, D. A. The determinants of export performance: evidence for manufacturing plants in Ireland and Northern Ireland. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Oxford, v. 53, n. 5, Nov. 2006.

[45] RUZO, E. et al.. Resources and international marketing strategy in export firms: implications for export performance. Management Research Review, [S. l.], v. 34, n. 5, p. 496-518, 2011.

[46] SIMON, H. A. Comportamento administrativo: estudos dos processos decisórios nas organizações administrativas. 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Editora da Fundação Getúlio Vargas, 1979.

[47] SINGH, D. A. Export performance of emerging market firms, International Business Review, n. 18, p. 321-330, 2009.

[48] SOUSA, C. M. P.; BRADLEY, F. Antecedents of international pricing adaptation and export performance. Journal of World Business, Oxford, n. 43, n. 3, p. 307-320, July 2008.

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