Um estudo internacional sobre os fatores que explicam a expectativa de alto crescimento em novos empreendimentos: uma perspectiva de gênero

Arroyo, Matilde Ruiz; Fuentes, María del Mar Fuentes; Jiménez, Jenny María Ruiz

doi:10.7819/rbgn.v18i60.1947

Resumo

Objetivo:

Considerando a importância do empreendedorismo de alto impacto para o crescimento econômico e o notável potencial que as mulheres empreendedoras ainda têm para contribuir para a atividade econômica, neste estudo propomos um modelo para explicar a expectativa de alto crescimento de um empreendedor com base em variáveis estratégicas relevantes, também abordando a identificação de possíveis diferenças de gênero nos prognosticadores da expectativa de alto crescimento de um empreendedor.

Metodologia:

Utilizamos os dados do Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2009, trabalhando com uma amostra de 8.641 empreendedores em estágio inicial em 49 países. Realizamos regressões logísticas binomiais hierárquicas, incluindo uma análise segmentada para comparar o modelo entre mulheres e homens empreendedores.

Resultados:

Com base em nossos resultados, confirmamos o gênero como uma forte variável explanatória para as aspirações de crescimento, com as mulheres mostrando níveis inferiores de expectativa de alto crescimento de seus empreendimentos. Além disso, na comparação entre os determinantes da expectativa de alto crescimento por gênero, podemos concluir que o conjunto de prognosticadores significativos não é o mesmo para homens e mulheres empreendedores. Esses resultados sugerem um efeito moderador do gênero na configuração dos fatores que determinam a propensão do empreendedor para o alto crescimento.

Contribuições:

Esta pesquisa contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos fatores que motivam a expectativa de alto crescimento, ajudando assim a avançar o conhecimento na área de empreendedorismo estratégico, bem como a literatura sobre empreendedorismo feminino. Com relação à implicação prática, nossos resultados apontam para a necessidade de conceber políticas específicas para homens e mulheres, de modo a promover o empreendedorismo de alto crescimento.

Palavras-chave:
Expectativa de alto crescimento da empresa; gênero; visão baseada em recursos; fatores organizacionais

Abstract

Purpose:

Given the importance of high-impact entrepreneurship to economic growth, and the remarkable potential that women entrepreneurs have yet to contribute to the economic activity, in this study we propose a model to explain an entrepreneur’s high-growth expectation based on relevant strategic variables, additionally addressing the identification of possible gender differences in the predictors of an entrepreneur’s expectation for high-growth.

Design/methodology/approach:

We use data from the 2009 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), working on a sample of 8,641 early-stage entrepreneurs referred to 49 countries. We perform hierarchical binomial logistic regressions, including a segmented analysis to compare the model between women and men entrepreneurs.

Findings:

Based on our results, we confirm gender as a strong explanatory variable for growth aspirations, with women having lower levels of expectation for the high-growth of their ventures. Moreover, in comparing the determinants of high-growth expectation by gender, we can conclude that the set of significant predictors is not the same for male and female entrepreneurs. These results suggest a moderating effect of gender in shaping the configuration of the factors determining an entrepreneur’s propensity for high-growth.

Originality/value:

This research contributes to a better understanding of the factors driving high-growth expectation, thus helping to advance knowledge in the area of strategic entrepreneurship, as well as in women’s entrepreneurship literature. As for practical implications, our results point out to the necessity of designing specific policies for men and women, in order to promote high-growth entrepreneurship.

Keywords:
Firm high-growth expectation; gender; resource-based view; organizational factors

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Full text available only in PDF format.

Referências

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2
Processo de Avaliação: Double Blind Review

1
A qualidade dos dados GEM é amplamente reconhecida pelos economistas e pelos pesquisadores de gestão (Uhlaner & Thurik, 2007), e foi comprovada através de testes de validação independentes prévios (Acs, Desai & Klapper, 2008). Em anos recentes, um número significativamente crescente de publicações utilizando dados GEM ou se referindo à abordagem GEM foi observado (Ruiz Navarr, & García Montesinos, 2013).

2
Para mais informações sobre o Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, consulte: <http://www.gemconsortium.org>.

3
Levando em consideração que nossa amostra é composta das observações de 49 países, 2009 pode representar um bom período para estudar a expectativa de alto crescimento com um escopo internacional. Considerando que o início da crise econômica global é reconhecido como sendo em 2008 (Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômicos [OCDE], 2009), os piores efeitos econômicos negativos da crise foram em 2009, ainda por realizar na grande maioria dos países, portanto as expectativas sobre o crescimento dos negócios provavelmente não sofreram tanto naquele período. Isso nos permitiu realizar uma análise mais homogênea, não tão distorcida ou tendenciosa quanto poderia ter sido com dados de anos posteriores. Entretanto, foi necessário incluí-la para fins de controle, já que a crise mundial já estava presente e amplamente disseminada em 2009 (OCDE, 2009)

Agências de Fomento: Os autores reconhecem agradecidamente o apoio financeiro recebido do Ministério da Economia e da Concorrência da Espanha [ECO2012-36053], do Governo de Andaluzia [P12-SEJ-2396] e do Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDR).

Contribuição por autor:

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Apr-Jun 2016

Histórico

Recebido
04 Fev 2014
Aceito
09 Jun 2016

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons

[1] Acs, Z., Desai, S., & Klapper, L. (2008). What does entrepreneurship data really show? Small Business Economics, 31(3), 265-281.

[2] Alvarez, S. A., & Busenitz, L. W. (2001). The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory. Journal of Management, 27(6), 755-775.

[3] Anna, A. L., Chandler, G. N., Jansen, E., & Mero, N. P. (2000). Women business owners in traditional and non-traditional industries. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(3), 279-303.

[4] Arenius, P., & Kovalainen, A. (2006). Similarities and differences across the factors associated with women’s self-employment preference in the Nordic countries. International Small Business Journal, 24(1), 31-59.

[5] Arenius, P., & Minitti, M. (2005). Perceptual variables and nascent entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 233-247.

[6] Autio, E., & Acs, Z. J. (2007). Individual and country-level determinants of growth aspiration in new ventures. Proceedings of the Babson Conference on Entrepreneurship Research, Madrid, Spain.

[7] Autio, E., & Acs, Z. J. (2009). Institutional influences on strategic entrepreneurial behaviours [Jena Economic Research Papers, 2009-080]. Friedrich Schiller University, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Jena, Germany. Retrieved from http://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/receive/jportal_jparticle_00157363
» http://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/receive/jportal_jparticle_00157363

[8] Autio, E., & Acs, Z. J. (2010). Intellectual property protection and the formation of entrepreneurial growth aspirations. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 4(3), 234-251.

[9] Autio, E., & Sapienza, H. J. (2000). Comparing process and born global perspectives in the international growth of technology-based new firms. In P. D. Reynolds, E. Autio, C. G. Brush, W. D. Bygrave, S. Manigart, H. J. Sapienza, K. G. Shaver (Eds.), Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research (pp. 413-424). Babson Park, MA: Babson College.

[10] Autio, E., Sapienza, H. J., & Almeida, J. G. (2000). Effects of age at entry, knowledge intensity, and imitability on international growth. Academy of Management Journal, 43(5), 909-924.

[11] Barbero, J. L., Casillas, J. C., & Feldman, H. D. (2011). Managerial capabilities and paths to growth as determinants of high-growth small and medium-sized enterprises. International Small Business Journal, 29(6), 671-694.

[12] Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.

[13] Barringer, B. R., Jones, F. F., & Neubaum, D. O. (2005). A quantitative content analysis of the characteristics of rapid-growth firms and their founders. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1), 663-687.

[14] Baum, J. R., & Locke, E. A. (2004). The relationship of entrepreneurial traits, skill, and motivation to subsequent venture growth. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 587-598.

[15] Bosma, N., Praag, M. van, Thurik, R., & Wit, G. (2004). The value of human and social capital investments for the business performance of startups. Small Business Economics, 23(3), 227-236.

[16] Bruin, A., Brush, C. G., & Welter, F. (2007). Advancing a framework for coherent research on women’s entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 323-339.

[17] Brush, C. G., Carter, N. M., Gatewood, E., Greene, P. G., & Hart, M. (2004). Clearing the hurdles: Women building high-growth businesses Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

[18] Bruton, G. D., & Rubanik, Y. (2002). Resources of the firm, Russian high-technology startups and firm growth. Journal of Business Venturing, 17(6), 553-576.

[19] Capelleras, J. L., Contín‐Pilart, I., Larraza‐Kintana, M., & Martin‐Sanchez, V. (2016). Unemployment and growth aspirations: The moderating role of education. Strategic Change, 25(2), 171-185.

[20] Cassar, G. (2006). Entrepreneur opportunity costs and intended venture growth. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(5), 610-632.

[21] Cassar, G. (2007). Money, money, money? A longitudinal investigation of entrepreneur career reasons, growth preferences and achieved growth. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 19(1), 89-107.

[22] Castaño, M. S., Méndez, M. T., & Galindo, M. Á. (2016). Innovation, internationalization and business-growth expectations among entrepreneurs in the services sector. Journal of Business Research, 69(5), 1690-1695.

[23] Chaganti, R. (1986). Management in women-owned enterprises. Journal of Small Business Management, 24(4), 18-29.

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