Efeito da temperatura e umidade do substrato na viabilidade de Sclerotium rolfsii

Martins, Marlon Vagner Valentim; Silveira, Silvaldo Felipe; Mussi-Dias, Vicente; Vieira, Henrique Duarte

doi:10.4025/actasciagron.v32i2.2325

Resumos

Avaliou-se a erradicação de escleródios de Sclerotium rolfsii em diferentes temperaturas e umidades do substrato. Testaram-se umidades de 5, 6, 9 e 11 (equivalentes a -5, -3, -1 e -1/3 Bar) e mais 0 e 18% de umidade. As temperaturas testadas foram 40, 48, 52 e 58ºC, no tempo de 30 min., seguidos de resfriamento em balcão, em condições de laboratório. Avaliou-se a germinação em meio BDA salino. A 0% de umidade do substrato, nenhuma temperatura foi eficiente na inativação dos escleródios. Para todas as outras umidades testadas, porém, os escleródios foram erradicados em temperaturas acima de 52ºC. De todas as quatro temperaturas testadas, apenas a menor (40ºC) não inativou os escleródios do patógeno. A 48ºC, a erradicação dos escleródios variou entre 80 e 100% para os níveis de umidade de 5 a 18%. O calor úmido foi eficiente na erradicação de escleródios de S. rolfsii.

escleródio; solarização do solo; erradicação

Thermal eradication of Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro was evaluated under different substrate temperatures and humidity. Humidity levels of 5, 6, 9 and 11% (equivalent to -5, -3, -1 and -1/3 Bar) and 0 and 18% were tested. Temperatures tested were 40, 48, 52 and 58ºC. After substrate treatment, germination in saline BDA medium was evaluated. At 0% humidity, the temperature was not efficient in sclerotia eradication. For all other values of humidity tested, sclerotia were eradicated in temperatures over 52 ºC. From all temperatures tested, only the lowest (40ºC) did not eradicate pathogen sclerotia. Soil treatment at 40ºC/30 min. stimulated sclerotia germination as the level of substrate humidity was increased. At temperatures of 52 and 58 ºC, and at humidity levels of 5, 6, 9, 11 and 18%, a 30 min. treatment was efficient for eradication of the pathogen. At 48ºC, sclerotia eradication reached 80 to 100% for humidity levels of 5 to 18%. S. rolfsii was eradicated with humidity heat.

sclerotia; soil solarization; eradication

FITOSSANIDADE

Efeito da temperatura e umidade do substrato na viabilidade de Sclerotium rolfsii

Effect of the temperature and substrate moisture on the viability of Sclerotium rolfsii

Marlon Vagner Valentim Martins^I,^* * Autor para correspondência. E-mail: valentim@cnpat.embrapa.br License information: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ; Silvaldo Felipe Silveira^II; Vicente Mussi-Dias^II; Henrique Duarte Vieira^II

^IEmbrapa Agroindústria Tropical , Rua Drª Sara Mesquita, 2270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil

^IILaboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro", Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

RESUMO

Avaliou-se a erradicação de escleródios de Sclerotium rolfsii em diferentes temperaturas e umidades do substrato. Testaram-se umidades de 5, 6, 9 e 11 (equivalentes a -5, -3, -1 e -1/3 Bar) e mais 0 e 18% de umidade. As temperaturas testadas foram 40, 48, 52 e 58ºC, no tempo de 30 min., seguidos de resfriamento em balcão, em condições de laboratório. Avaliou-se a germinação em meio BDA salino. A 0% de umidade do substrato, nenhuma temperatura foi eficiente na inativação dos escleródios. Para todas as outras umidades testadas, porém, os escleródios foram erradicados em temperaturas acima de 52ºC. De todas as quatro temperaturas testadas, apenas a menor (40ºC) não inativou os escleródios do patógeno. A 48ºC, a erradicação dos escleródios variou entre 80 e 100% para os níveis de umidade de 5 a 18%. O calor úmido foi eficiente na erradicação de escleródios de S. rolfsii.

Palavras-chave: escleródio, solarização do solo, erradicação.

ABSTRACT

Thermal eradication of Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro was evaluated under different substrate temperatures and humidity. Humidity levels of 5, 6, 9 and 11% (equivalent to -5, -3, -1 and -1/3 Bar) and 0 and 18% were tested. Temperatures tested were 40, 48, 52 and 58ºC. After substrate treatment, germination in saline BDA medium was evaluated. At 0% humidity, the temperature was not efficient in sclerotia eradication. For all other values of humidity tested, sclerotia were eradicated in temperatures over 52 ºC. From all temperatures tested, only the lowest (40ºC) did not eradicate pathogen sclerotia. Soil treatment at 40ºC/30 min. stimulated sclerotia germination as the level of substrate humidity was increased. At temperatures of 52 and 58 ºC, and at humidity levels of 5, 6, 9, 11 and 18%, a 30 min. treatment was efficient for eradication of the pathogen. At 48ºC, sclerotia eradication reached 80 to 100% for humidity levels of 5 to 18%. S. rolfsii was eradicated with humidity heat.

Key words: sclerotia, soil solarization, eradication.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Received on April 15, 2008.

Accepted on November 14, 2008.

ALLIP, A. M.; MÓNACO, C. I. Antagonismo in vitro de espécies de Bacillus contra Sclerotium rolfsii y Fusarium solani Revista de La Facultad de Agronomia, v. 70, [s/n], p. 91-95, 1994.
BEUTE, M. K.; RODRÍGUEZ-KABANA, R. Effects of soil moisture, temperature, and field environment on survival of Sclerotium rolfsii in Alabama and North Carolina. Phytopathology, v. 71, n. 12, p. 1293-1296, 1981.
CHELLEMI, D. O.; OLSON, S. M.; MITCHELL, D. J. Effects of soil solarization and fumigation on survival of soilborne pathogens of tomato in Northern Florida. Plant Disease, v. 78, n. 12, p. 1167-1172, 1994.
CHELLEMI, D. O.; OLSON, S. M.; MITCHELL, D. J.; SECKER, I.; McSORLEY, R. Adaptation of soil solarization to the integrated management of soilborne pest of tomato under humid conditions. Phytopathology, v. 87, n. 3, p. 250-258, 1997.
ESHEL, D.; GAMLIEL, A.; GRINSTEIN, A.; DI PRIMO, P.; KATAN, J. Combined soil treatments and sequence of application in improving the control of soilborne pathogens. Phytopathology, v. 90, n. 7, p. 751-757, 2000.
GAMLIEL, A.; KATAN, J. Suppression of major and minor pathogens by fluorescente psudomonads in solarized and nosolarized soils. Phytopathology, v. 83, n. 1, p. 68-75, 1993.
GARREN, K. Control of Sclerotium rolfsii through cultural practices. Phytopathology, v. 51, n. 1, p. 120-124, 1961.
GHINI, R. A solar collector for soil disinfestations. Netherland Journal of Plant Pathology, v. 99, n. 1, p. 45-50, 1993.
GHINI, R.; BETTIOL, W. Coletor Solar para desinfestação de substratos. Summa Phytopathologica, v. 17, n. 3, p. 281-287, 1991.
KATAN, J. Solar pasteurization of soils for disease control: status and prospects. Plant Disease, v. 64, n. 5, p. 450-454, 1980.
KATAN, J. Solar heating (solarization) of soil for control of soilborne pests. Annual Review Phytopathology, n. 19, p. 211-236, 1981.
KATAN, J.; GREENBERGER, A.; ALON, H.; GRINSTEIN, A. Solar heating by polyethylene mulching for the control of diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. Phytopathology, v. 66, n. 5, p. 683-688, 1976.
LEWIS, J. A.; FRAVEL, D. R. Influence of Pyrax/Biomass of biocontrol fungi on snap bean damping-off caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in the field and on germination of sclerotia. Plant Disease, v. 80, n. 6, p. 655-659, 1996.
LIFSHITZ, R.; TABACHNIK, M.; KATAN, J.; CHET, I. The effect of sublethal heating on sclerotia of S. rolfsii Canadian Journal of Microbiology, v. 29, n. 12, p. 1607-1610, 1983.
LOCKWOOD, J. L. Fungistase in soils. Biological Reviews, v. 52, n. 1, p. 1-43, 1977.
MARTINS, M. V. V.; SILVEIRA, S. F.; CARVALHO, A. J. C.; SOUZA, E. F. Erradicação de escleródios de Sclerotium rolfsii em substratos tratados em coletores solares em Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 25, n. 3, p. 421-424, 2003.
MATHRE, D. E.; JOHNSTON, R. H. Cephalosporium stripe of winter wheat: infection processes and host response. Phytopathology, v. 65, n. 11, p. 1244-1249, 1975.
MIHAIL, J. D.; ALCORN, S. M. Effects of soil solarization on Macrophomina phaseolina and Sclerotium rolfsii Plant Disease, v. 68, n. 2, p. 156-159, 1984.
NOLING, J. W.; BECKER, J. O. The challenge of research and extension to define and implement alternatives to methyl bromide. Journal of Nematology, v. 26, n. 4S, p. 573-586, 1994.
PAPAVIZAS, G. C.; COLLINS, D. J. Influence of Gliocladium virens on germination and infectivity of sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii. Phytopathology, v. 80, n. 7, p. 627-630, 1990.
PUNJA, Z. K. The Biology, Ecology and Control of S. rolfsii Annual Review of Phytopathology, n. 23, p. 97-127, 1985.
PUNJA, Z. K.; GROGAN, R. G. Eruptive Germination of Sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii Phytopathology, v. 71, n. 10, p. 1092-1099, 1981.
PUNJA, Z. K.; RAHE, J. E. Sclerotium In: SINGLETON, L. L.; MIHAIL, J. D.; RUSH, C. M. (Ed.). Methods for research on soilborne phytopathogenic fungi St. Paul: APS Press, 1993. p. 166-170.
RISTAINO, J. B.; PERRY, K. B.; LUMSDEN, R. D. Effect of solarization and Gliocladium virens on sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii, soil microbiota, and the incidencie of Southern Blight of tomato. Phytopathology, v. 81, n. 10, p. 1117-1124, 1991.
RISTAINO, J. B.; LEWIS, J. A.; LUMSDEN, R. D. Influence of isolates'of Gliocladium virensand delivery systems on biological control of Southern Blight on carrot and tomato in the field. Plant Disease, v. 78, n. 2, p. 153-156, 1994.
RISTAINO, J. B.; PERRY, K. B.; LUMSDEN, R. D. Soil solarization and Gliocladium virens reduce the incidence of Southern Blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) in Bell Pepper in the field. Biocontrol Science and Technology, v. 6, n. 4, p. 583-593, 1996.
SHELVIN, E.; SAGUY, I. S.; MAHRER, Y.; KATAN, J. Modeling the survival of two soilborne pathogens under dry structural solarization. Phytopathology, v. 93, n. 10, p. 1247-1257, 2003.
STAPLETON, J. J.; DUNCAN, R. A. Soil disinfestations with cruciferous amendments and sublethal heating: effects on Meloidogyne incognita, Sclerotium rolfsii and Pythium ultimum Plant Pathology, v. 47, n. 6, p. 737-742, 1998.

*

Autor para correspondência. E-mail:

valentim@cnpat.embrapa.br

License information: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
28 Jun 2013
Data do Fascículo
Jun 2010

Histórico

Recebido
15 Abr 2008
Aceito
14 Nov 2008

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ALLIP, A. M.; MÓNACO, C. I. Antagonismo in vitro de espécies de Bacillus contra Sclerotium rolfsii y Fusarium solani Revista de La Facultad de Agronomia, v. 70, [s/n], p. 91-95, 1994.

[2] BEUTE, M. K.; RODRÍGUEZ-KABANA, R. Effects of soil moisture, temperature, and field environment on survival of Sclerotium rolfsii in Alabama and North Carolina. Phytopathology, v. 71, n. 12, p. 1293-1296, 1981.

[3] CHELLEMI, D. O.; OLSON, S. M.; MITCHELL, D. J. Effects of soil solarization and fumigation on survival of soilborne pathogens of tomato in Northern Florida. Plant Disease, v. 78, n. 12, p. 1167-1172, 1994.

[4] CHELLEMI, D. O.; OLSON, S. M.; MITCHELL, D. J.; SECKER, I.; McSORLEY, R. Adaptation of soil solarization to the integrated management of soilborne pest of tomato under humid conditions. Phytopathology, v. 87, n. 3, p. 250-258, 1997.

[5] ESHEL, D.; GAMLIEL, A.; GRINSTEIN, A.; DI PRIMO, P.; KATAN, J. Combined soil treatments and sequence of application in improving the control of soilborne pathogens. Phytopathology, v. 90, n. 7, p. 751-757, 2000.

[6] GAMLIEL, A.; KATAN, J. Suppression of major and minor pathogens by fluorescente psudomonads in solarized and nosolarized soils. Phytopathology, v. 83, n. 1, p. 68-75, 1993.

[7] GARREN, K. Control of Sclerotium rolfsii through cultural practices. Phytopathology, v. 51, n. 1, p. 120-124, 1961.

[8] GHINI, R. A solar collector for soil disinfestations. Netherland Journal of Plant Pathology, v. 99, n. 1, p. 45-50, 1993.

[9] GHINI, R.; BETTIOL, W. Coletor Solar para desinfestação de substratos. Summa Phytopathologica, v. 17, n. 3, p. 281-287, 1991.

[10] KATAN, J. Solar pasteurization of soils for disease control: status and prospects. Plant Disease, v. 64, n. 5, p. 450-454, 1980.

[11] KATAN, J. Solar heating (solarization) of soil for control of soilborne pests. Annual Review Phytopathology, n. 19, p. 211-236, 1981.

[12] KATAN, J.; GREENBERGER, A.; ALON, H.; GRINSTEIN, A. Solar heating by polyethylene mulching for the control of diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. Phytopathology, v. 66, n. 5, p. 683-688, 1976.

[13] LEWIS, J. A.; FRAVEL, D. R. Influence of Pyrax/Biomass of biocontrol fungi on snap bean damping-off caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in the field and on germination of sclerotia. Plant Disease, v. 80, n. 6, p. 655-659, 1996.

[14] LIFSHITZ, R.; TABACHNIK, M.; KATAN, J.; CHET, I. The effect of sublethal heating on sclerotia of S. rolfsii Canadian Journal of Microbiology, v. 29, n. 12, p. 1607-1610, 1983.

[15] LOCKWOOD, J. L. Fungistase in soils. Biological Reviews, v. 52, n. 1, p. 1-43, 1977.

[16] MARTINS, M. V. V.; SILVEIRA, S. F.; CARVALHO, A. J. C.; SOUZA, E. F. Erradicação de escleródios de Sclerotium rolfsii em substratos tratados em coletores solares em Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 25, n. 3, p. 421-424, 2003.

[17] MATHRE, D. E.; JOHNSTON, R. H. Cephalosporium stripe of winter wheat: infection processes and host response. Phytopathology, v. 65, n. 11, p. 1244-1249, 1975.

[18] MIHAIL, J. D.; ALCORN, S. M. Effects of soil solarization on Macrophomina phaseolina and Sclerotium rolfsii Plant Disease, v. 68, n. 2, p. 156-159, 1984.

[19] NOLING, J. W.; BECKER, J. O. The challenge of research and extension to define and implement alternatives to methyl bromide. Journal of Nematology, v. 26, n. 4S, p. 573-586, 1994.

[20] PAPAVIZAS, G. C.; COLLINS, D. J. Influence of Gliocladium virens on germination and infectivity of sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii. Phytopathology, v. 80, n. 7, p. 627-630, 1990.

[21] PUNJA, Z. K. The Biology, Ecology and Control of S. rolfsii Annual Review of Phytopathology, n. 23, p. 97-127, 1985.

[22] PUNJA, Z. K.; GROGAN, R. G. Eruptive Germination of Sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii Phytopathology, v. 71, n. 10, p. 1092-1099, 1981.

[23] PUNJA, Z. K.; RAHE, J. E. Sclerotium In: SINGLETON, L. L.; MIHAIL, J. D.; RUSH, C. M. (Ed.). Methods for research on soilborne phytopathogenic fungi St. Paul: APS Press, 1993. p. 166-170.

[24] RISTAINO, J. B.; PERRY, K. B.; LUMSDEN, R. D. Effect of solarization and Gliocladium virens on sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii, soil microbiota, and the incidencie of Southern Blight of tomato. Phytopathology, v. 81, n. 10, p. 1117-1124, 1991.

[25] RISTAINO, J. B.; LEWIS, J. A.; LUMSDEN, R. D. Influence of isolates'of Gliocladium virensand delivery systems on biological control of Southern Blight on carrot and tomato in the field. Plant Disease, v. 78, n. 2, p. 153-156, 1994.

[26] RISTAINO, J. B.; PERRY, K. B.; LUMSDEN, R. D. Soil solarization and Gliocladium virens reduce the incidence of Southern Blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) in Bell Pepper in the field. Biocontrol Science and Technology, v. 6, n. 4, p. 583-593, 1996.

[27] SHELVIN, E.; SAGUY, I. S.; MAHRER, Y.; KATAN, J. Modeling the survival of two soilborne pathogens under dry structural solarization. Phytopathology, v. 93, n. 10, p. 1247-1257, 2003.

[28] STAPLETON, J. J.; DUNCAN, R. A. Soil disinfestations with cruciferous amendments and sublethal heating: effects on Meloidogyne incognita, Sclerotium rolfsii and Pythium ultimum Plant Pathology, v. 47, n. 6, p. 737-742, 1998.

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Efeito da temperatura e umidade do substrato na viabilidade de Sclerotium rolfsii

Effect of the temperature and substrate moisture on the viability of Sclerotium rolfsii

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico