A influência do exercício físico no perfil lipídico e na aptidão física em mulheres idosas

Gonçalves, José Manuel Pereira; Lopes, João Gilberto Costa; Pires Neto, Cândido Simões; Santos, Maria Gisele dos

doi:10.1590/1809-9823.2009.12025

Resumo

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do nível de atividade física no perfil lipídico, na glicose sanguínea, na composição corporal, na aptidão cardiovascular (VO2max), na aptidão muscular e na agilidade/equilíbrio em mulheres idosas. Métodos: Para verificar interferência do nível de atividade física nos níveis lipídicos, glicêmicos, de composição corporal e de aptidão física, foi utilizado o teste t de Student independente, precedido do teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilks. Foram avaliadas 23 mulheres com mais de 60 anos, divididas em um grupo ativo (GA) e grupo inativo (GI) segundo classificação do IPAQ. Resultados: Mulheres idosas do grupo ativo apresentaram valores significativamente superiores no teste de agilidade/equilíbrio e idade média superior ao do grupo inativo. Além disso, o grupo ativo apresentou valores superiores na massa de gordura, massa corporal magra e força de membros inferiores, mas não estatisticamente significativos. De forma inversa, o colesterol total, triglicérides e a glicose sanguínea mostraram-se inferiores no grupo ativo, mas também não estatisticamente significativos. As demais variáveis antropométricas, perfil qualitativo alimentar, e demais testes de aptidão física não mostraram diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a adoção e manutenção de um estilo de vida ativo, mesmo em idades avançadas, por meio da atividade física, têm efeitos benéficos na manutenção da independência de pessoas idosas.

Palavras-chave:
Perfil de Saúde; Metabolismo dos Lipídeos; Glicemia; Composição Corporal; Aptidão Física; Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Equilíbrio Musculosquelético; Mulheres; Idosas

Abstract

Objective: To value the influence of the level of physical activity in the lipid profiles, the levels of glucose in the blood stream, the body composition, the muscular and cardiovascular fitness aptitudes (VO²max), and the agility/equilibrium in elderly women Methods: In order to verify the interference of the level of physical exercises on the levels of lipid and glucose, on body composition and on physical aptitude, the independent Student test was used, after the normality Shapiro-Wilks test. Twenty-three women over 60 years old were evaluated in two groups, an active group and an inactive one, according to a classification by IPAQ. Results: Active women presented significantly higher values in the agility/equilibrium tests and middle age superior to that of the inactive group. Besides, the active group presented superior fatness mass, slim body mass, strength in inferior members, which were not, however, statistically significant. In the reverse form, the total cholesterol, triglycerids and they showed the blood glucose inferior in the active group, but also not statistically significant. You were varying the rest antropométricas, qualitative food profile, and too many tests of physical aptitude did not show differences between the groups.Conclusions: The conclusion is that adopting and keeping up an active lifestyle by means of physical activities, even in advanced age, has benefic effects in prolonging the independence of the elderly.

Key words:
Health Profile; Lipid Metabolism; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Physical Fitness; Cardiovascular Physiology; Equilíbrio Musculosquelético; Women. Elderly

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REFERÊNCIAS

¹
Kalache A, Veras RP, Ramos LR. O envelhecimento da população mundial: um desafio novo. Rev Saúde Pública 1987; 21: 200-10.
²
Veras RP, Ramos LR, Kalache A. Crescimento da população idosa no Brasil: transformações e conseqüências na sociedade. Rev Saúde Pública1987; 21: 225-33.
³
ACSM - American College of Sports Medicine. Position stand - exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30: 992-1008.
⁴
Hunter GH, McCarthy JP, Bamman MM. Effects of Resistance Training on Older Adults. Sports Med 2004; 34: 329-48.
⁵
Nóbrega ACL, Freitas EV, Oliveira MAB, Leitão M B, Lazzoli JK, Nahas RM, et al. Posicionamento Oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte e da Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia: Atividade Física e Saúde no Idoso. Revista brasileira de medicina do esporte 1999; 5: 207-11.
⁶
CELAFISCS. Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ).[ acesso 2006 fev] [ acesso 2006 fev] http://www.celafiscs.com.br
» http://www.celafiscs.com.br
⁷
ACSM/AHA - American College of Sports Medicine - American Heart Association. Joint position statement: recommendations for cardiovascular screening, staffing, and emergency policies at health / fitness facilities. Med Sci Sports Exerc1998; 30: 1009-18.
⁸
Tran ZV, Weltman A. Generalized equation for predicting body density of women from girth measurements. Med Sci Sports Exerc1989; 21: 101-4.
⁹
Brozek J, Grande F, Anderson JT, Keys A. Densidometric analysis of body composition: revision of some quantitative assumptions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1963; 110: 113-40.
¹⁰
Jetté M, Campbell J, Mongeon J, Routhier R. The Canadian Home Fitness Test as a predictor of aerobic capacity. Can Med Assoc J 1976; 114: 680-2.
¹¹
Rikli RE, Jones CJ. Development and validation of a functional test for community-residing older adults. J Aging Phys Act 1999; 7: 129-61.
¹²
ACSM - American College of Sports Medicine. Diretrizes do ACSM para os testes de esforço e sua prescrição. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara-Koogan; 2003.
¹³
Dunn C. Avaliação nutricional. In: Tritschler KA, organizador. Medida e avaliação em educação física e esportes. São Paulo: Manole; 2003. p. 489-526.
¹⁴
WHO Consulation on Obesity. Obesity: Prevention and Managing: The Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity; 1997.
¹⁵
Ardern CI, Janssen I, Ross R, Katzmarzyk PT. Development of health-related waist circunference thresholds within bmi categories. Obes Res 2004; 12: 1094-103.
¹⁶
Bigaard J, Tjonneland A, Thomsen BL, Overvad K, Heitmann BL, Sorensen TIA. Waist circunference, BMI, smoking, and mortality in middle-aged men and women. Obes Res2004; 11: 895-903.
¹⁷
Bigaard J, Frederikesn K, Tjonneland A, Thomsen BL, Overvad K, Heitmann BL, et al. Body fat and fat-free mass and all-cause mortality. Obes Res2004; 12: 1042-9.
¹⁸
Dey DK, Lissner L. Obesity in 70-year-old subjects as a risk factor for 15-year coronary heart disease incidence. Obes Res2003; 11: 817-27.
¹⁹
Iwao S, Iwao N, Muller DC, Elahi D, Shimokata H, Andres R. Effect of aging on the relationship between multiple risk factors and waist circunference. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48: 788-94.
²⁰
Yan LL, et al. BMI and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults 65 Years and Older. Obes Res2004; 12: 69-76.
²¹
Brach, JS, Simonsick EM, Kritchevsky S, Yaffe K, Newman AB. The association between physical function and lifestyle activity and exercise in health, aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc2004; 52 : 502-9.
²²
Kanaya AM, Vittinghoff E, Shlipak MG, Resnick HE, Visser M, Grady D, et al. Association of total and central obesity with mortality in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol 2003; 158: 1161-70.
²³
Dey DK, Rothenberg E, Sundlh V, Bosaeus I, Steen B. Waist circumference, body mass index, and risk for stroke in older people: a 15-year longitudinal population study of 70-year-olds. J Am Geriatr Soc2002; 50: 1510-8.
²⁴
Kyle UG, Gremion G, Genton L, Slosman DO, Golay A, Pichard C. Physical activity and fat-free and fat mass by bioelectrical impedance in 3853 adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc2001; 33: 576-84.
²⁵
Toth MJ, Beckett T, Pohelman ET. Physical activity and the progressive change in body composition with aging: current evidence and research issues. Med Sci Sports Exerc1999; 31: S590-6.
²⁶
Fornés NS, Martins IS, Velásques-Meléndez G, Latorre MRDO. Escores de consumo alimentar e níveis lipêmicos em população de São Paulo, Brasil. Rev Saúde Pública2002; 36: 12-8.
²⁷
Kraus RM, Eckel RH, Howard B, Appel LJ, Daniels SR, Deckelbaum RJ, et al. AHA Dietary Guidelines - Revision 2000: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association. Circulation 2000; 102: 2284-99.
²⁸
Ross R, Janssen I, Dawson J, Kungl AM, Kuk JL, Wong L, et al. Exercise-Induced Reduction in Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Women: a randomized controlled trial. Obes Res2004; 12: 789-98.
²⁹
Santos RD. III Diretrizes brasileiras sobre dislipidemias e diretriz de prevenção da aterosclerose do Departamento de Aterosclerose da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. Arq Bras Cardiol 2001; 77: 1-48.
³⁰
Chyou P, Eaker ED. Serum cholesterol concentrations and all-cause mortality in older people. Age Ageing 2000; 29: 69-74.
³¹
Pescatello LS, Murphy D. Lower intensity physical activity is advantageous for fat distribution and blood glucose among viscerally obese older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc1998; 30: 1408-13.
³²
Pescatello LS, Murphy D, Costanzo D. Low-intensity physical activity benefits blood lipids and lipoproteins in older adults living at home. Age Ageing2000; 29: 433-9.
³³
Apovian CM, Frey CM, Wood GG, Rogers JZ, Still CD, Jensen GL. Body Mass Index and Physical Function in Older Women. Obes Res2002; 10: 740-7.
³⁴
Adams KJ, et al. Progressive strength training in sedentary, older African American women. Med Sci Sports Exerc2001; 33: 1567-76.
³⁵
Stathokostas L, Jacob-Jonhson S, Petrella RJ, Paterson DH. Longitudinal changes in aerobic power in older men and women. J Appl Physiol 2004; 97: 784-9.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
May-Aug 2009

Histórico

Recebido
04 Ago 2008
Revisado
15 Maio 2009
Aceito
19 Maio 2009

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

[1] ¹
Kalache A, Veras RP, Ramos LR. O envelhecimento da população mundial: um desafio novo. Rev Saúde Pública 1987; 21: 200-10.

[2] ²
Veras RP, Ramos LR, Kalache A. Crescimento da população idosa no Brasil: transformações e conseqüências na sociedade. Rev Saúde Pública1987; 21: 225-33.

[3] ³
ACSM - American College of Sports Medicine. Position stand - exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30: 992-1008.

[4] ⁴
Hunter GH, McCarthy JP, Bamman MM. Effects of Resistance Training on Older Adults. Sports Med 2004; 34: 329-48.

[5] ⁵
Nóbrega ACL, Freitas EV, Oliveira MAB, Leitão M B, Lazzoli JK, Nahas RM, et al. Posicionamento Oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte e da Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia: Atividade Física e Saúde no Idoso. Revista brasileira de medicina do esporte 1999; 5: 207-11.

[6] ⁶
CELAFISCS. Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ).[ acesso 2006 fev] [ acesso 2006 fev] http://www.celafiscs.com.br
» http://www.celafiscs.com.br

[7] ⁷
ACSM/AHA - American College of Sports Medicine - American Heart Association. Joint position statement: recommendations for cardiovascular screening, staffing, and emergency policies at health / fitness facilities. Med Sci Sports Exerc1998; 30: 1009-18.

[8] ⁸
Tran ZV, Weltman A. Generalized equation for predicting body density of women from girth measurements. Med Sci Sports Exerc1989; 21: 101-4.

[9] ⁹
Brozek J, Grande F, Anderson JT, Keys A. Densidometric analysis of body composition: revision of some quantitative assumptions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1963; 110: 113-40.

[10] ¹⁰
Jetté M, Campbell J, Mongeon J, Routhier R. The Canadian Home Fitness Test as a predictor of aerobic capacity. Can Med Assoc J 1976; 114: 680-2.

[11] ¹¹
Rikli RE, Jones CJ. Development and validation of a functional test for community-residing older adults. J Aging Phys Act 1999; 7: 129-61.

[12] ¹²
ACSM - American College of Sports Medicine. Diretrizes do ACSM para os testes de esforço e sua prescrição. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara-Koogan; 2003.

[13] ¹³
Dunn C. Avaliação nutricional. In: Tritschler KA, organizador. Medida e avaliação em educação física e esportes. São Paulo: Manole; 2003. p. 489-526.

[14] ¹⁴
WHO Consulation on Obesity. Obesity: Prevention and Managing: The Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity; 1997.

[15] ¹⁵
Ardern CI, Janssen I, Ross R, Katzmarzyk PT. Development of health-related waist circunference thresholds within bmi categories. Obes Res 2004; 12: 1094-103.

[16] ¹⁶
Bigaard J, Tjonneland A, Thomsen BL, Overvad K, Heitmann BL, Sorensen TIA. Waist circunference, BMI, smoking, and mortality in middle-aged men and women. Obes Res2004; 11: 895-903.

[17] ¹⁷
Bigaard J, Frederikesn K, Tjonneland A, Thomsen BL, Overvad K, Heitmann BL, et al. Body fat and fat-free mass and all-cause mortality. Obes Res2004; 12: 1042-9.

[18] ¹⁸
Dey DK, Lissner L. Obesity in 70-year-old subjects as a risk factor for 15-year coronary heart disease incidence. Obes Res2003; 11: 817-27.

[19] ¹⁹
Iwao S, Iwao N, Muller DC, Elahi D, Shimokata H, Andres R. Effect of aging on the relationship between multiple risk factors and waist circunference. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48: 788-94.

[20] ²⁰
Yan LL, et al. BMI and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults 65 Years and Older. Obes Res2004; 12: 69-76.

[21] ²¹
Brach, JS, Simonsick EM, Kritchevsky S, Yaffe K, Newman AB. The association between physical function and lifestyle activity and exercise in health, aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc2004; 52 : 502-9.

[22] ²²
Kanaya AM, Vittinghoff E, Shlipak MG, Resnick HE, Visser M, Grady D, et al. Association of total and central obesity with mortality in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol 2003; 158: 1161-70.

[23] ²³
Dey DK, Rothenberg E, Sundlh V, Bosaeus I, Steen B. Waist circumference, body mass index, and risk for stroke in older people: a 15-year longitudinal population study of 70-year-olds. J Am Geriatr Soc2002; 50: 1510-8.

[24] ²⁴
Kyle UG, Gremion G, Genton L, Slosman DO, Golay A, Pichard C. Physical activity and fat-free and fat mass by bioelectrical impedance in 3853 adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc2001; 33: 576-84.

[25] ²⁵
Toth MJ, Beckett T, Pohelman ET. Physical activity and the progressive change in body composition with aging: current evidence and research issues. Med Sci Sports Exerc1999; 31: S590-6.

[26] ²⁶
Fornés NS, Martins IS, Velásques-Meléndez G, Latorre MRDO. Escores de consumo alimentar e níveis lipêmicos em população de São Paulo, Brasil. Rev Saúde Pública2002; 36: 12-8.

[27] ²⁷
Kraus RM, Eckel RH, Howard B, Appel LJ, Daniels SR, Deckelbaum RJ, et al. AHA Dietary Guidelines - Revision 2000: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association. Circulation 2000; 102: 2284-99.

[28] ²⁸
Ross R, Janssen I, Dawson J, Kungl AM, Kuk JL, Wong L, et al. Exercise-Induced Reduction in Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Women: a randomized controlled trial. Obes Res2004; 12: 789-98.

[29] ²⁹
Santos RD. III Diretrizes brasileiras sobre dislipidemias e diretriz de prevenção da aterosclerose do Departamento de Aterosclerose da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. Arq Bras Cardiol 2001; 77: 1-48.

[30] ³⁰
Chyou P, Eaker ED. Serum cholesterol concentrations and all-cause mortality in older people. Age Ageing 2000; 29: 69-74.

[31] ³¹
Pescatello LS, Murphy D. Lower intensity physical activity is advantageous for fat distribution and blood glucose among viscerally obese older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc1998; 30: 1408-13.

[32] ³²
Pescatello LS, Murphy D, Costanzo D. Low-intensity physical activity benefits blood lipids and lipoproteins in older adults living at home. Age Ageing2000; 29: 433-9.

[33] ³³
Apovian CM, Frey CM, Wood GG, Rogers JZ, Still CD, Jensen GL. Body Mass Index and Physical Function in Older Women. Obes Res2002; 10: 740-7.

[34] ³⁴
Adams KJ, et al. Progressive strength training in sedentary, older African American women. Med Sci Sports Exerc2001; 33: 1567-76.

[35] ³⁵
Stathokostas L, Jacob-Jonhson S, Petrella RJ, Paterson DH. Longitudinal changes in aerobic power in older men and women. J Appl Physiol 2004; 97: 784-9.

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