Pesquisa em Ética e Deontologia na Gerontologia: Reflexões para o desenvolvimento de um código deontológico em Portugal

Mariz-Silva, Elsa; Lamela, Diogo

doi:10.1590/1809-9823.2009.120211

Resumo

A prática profissional na Gerontologia deve basear-se pelos mais elevados princípios éticos. Ao longo da evolução teórica da Bioética, as profissões associadas às Ciências da Saúde têm desenvolvido códigos deontológicos para a regulamentação da conduta profissional e como referências na discussão e decisão sobre dilemas éticos inerentes ao exercício profissional. Sendo uma das raras exceções, a prática profissional da Gerontologia em Portugal, bem como na grande maioria dos países ocidentais, não possui um código deontológico. Assim, o presente artigo pretende dar uma primeira contribuição para a construção de um código deontológico que auxilie na articulação dos deveres profissionais, dos valores e dos princípios éticos dos gerontólogos. Num primeiro momento, são descritos e apresentados os três conceitos basilares da ética, bioética e deontologia, alicerces filosófico-teóricos que sustentam o desenvolvimento dos códigos deontológicos em todos os campos profissionais. Em seguida, são apresentadas as fundamentações para a necessidade da criação de um código regulador ético na Gerontologia. Finalmente, o presente artigo propõe um plano metodológico e procedimental para a construção de um código deontológico para os Gerontólogos, em que é defendido que este plano inovador de construção do código deontológico deve ser baseado em pesquisas empíricas, teóricas e conceituais como garantia da aplicabilidade, funcionalidade e credibilidade dos preceitos deontológicos regulamentadores desta profissão.

Palavras-chave:
Ética; Bioética; Teoria Ética; Prática Profissional; Ética Profissional

Abstract

The professional practice in Gerontology should be based on the highest ethical standards. Throughout the Bioethics' theoretical evolution, the Health Sciences' professions have developed codes of ethics to regulate professional behavior and as references in the discussion and decision about ethical dilemmas inherent to professional exercise. As one of the rare exceptions, the practice of Gerontology in Portugal, as well as in most Western countries, do not have a code of ethics. Thus, this paper has as a main goal to give an initial contribution for the construction of a code of ethics to help in the articulation of gerontologists' professional duties, values and ethical principles. Initially, the three basic concepts of ethics, bioethics and deontology are described and presented as the philosophical-theoretical foundations that support the development of codes of ethics in all professional areas. Next, we present the reasons for the need of creating an ethical regulator code for Gerontology. Finally, this paper proposes a methodological and procedural plan for the construction of a code of ethics In Gerontology, in which it is claimed that this innovative plane for the creation of the code of ethics should be based on empirical, theoretical and conceptual research to ensure applicability, functionality and credibility of the ethical precepts of this profession.

Key Words:
Ethics; Bioethics; Ethical Theory; Professional Practice; Ethics Professional

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REFERÊNCIAS

¹
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²
Potter, VR. Bioethics: bridge to the future. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall; 1971.
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⁸
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¹¹
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¹²
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¹³
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¹⁴
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» http://www.geron.org/Membership/Code%20of%20Ethics/37-Membership/131-code-of-ethics
¹⁵
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¹⁶
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¹⁷
Parsons R. The ethics of professional practice. 1.ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon; 2001.
¹⁸
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¹⁹
Dolgoff R, Loewenberg F, Harrington D. Ethical decisions for social work
²⁰
practice. 7.ed. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole; 2005.
²¹
Braunack-Mayer A. What makes a problem an ethical problem? An empirical perspective on the nature of ethical problems in general practice. The Journal of Medical Ethics 2001; 27: 98-103.
²²
Blackmer J. Ethical issues in rehabilitation medicine. J Rehabil Med 2000 jan.; 32(2): 51-5.
²³
Banks S. Codes of ethics and ethical conduct: a view from the caring professions. Public Money and Management 1998; 18(1): 27-30.
²⁴
Dawson A. Professional codes of practice and ethical conduct. J Appl Philos 1994; 11(2): 125-33.
²⁵
Adams J, Tashchian A, Shore T. Codes of ethics as signals for ethical behavior. J Bus Ethics 2001; 29: 199-211.
²⁶
Dean P. Making codes of ethics 'real'. J Bus Ethics 1992; 11(4): 285-90.
²⁷
Costa M. Cuidados de enfermagem aos idosos: percursos de formação e de investigação. In: Fonseca A, Paúl C, organizadores. Envelhecer em Portugal: psicologia, saúde e prestação de cuidados. Lisboa: Climepsi; 2005. p. 259-83.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
May-Aug 2009

Histórico

Recebido
03 Nov 2008
Aceito
11 Maio 2009

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

[1] ¹
Clotet J. Por que Bioética? Bioética 1993 jan; 1(1): 13-9.

[2] ²
Potter, VR. Bioethics: bridge to the future. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall; 1971.

[3] ³
Pollard I, Gilbert, S. Bioscience ethics: a new conceptual approach to modern ethical challenges. Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 1997; 7: 131-3.

[4] ⁴
Hedgecoe A. Critical bioethics: beyond the social science critique of applied ethics. Bioethics 2004; 28(2): 120-43.

[5] ⁵
Clouser D, Gert B. Principles of biomedical ethics. In Jecker N, Jonsen A, Pearlman R, organizadores. Bioethics: introduction to history, methods, and practice. 2.ed. Londres: Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2007. p. 147-52.

[6] ⁶
Hottois G, Missa, J. Nova enciclopédia de bioética: medicina, ambiente e biotecnologia. 1.ed. Lisboa: Instituto Piaget; 2003.

[7] ⁷
Louden R. Toward a genealogy of deontology. Journal of the History of Philosophy 1996 jun; 34(4): 571-92.

[8] ⁸
Flinders D. In search of ethical guidance: constructing a basis for dialogue. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 1992 abr; 5(2): 101-15.

[9] ⁹
Pellegrino E. Philosophy of medicine and medical ethics: a phenomenological perspective. In: Khushf G, organizador. Handbook of bioethics: taking stock of the field from a philosophical perspective. Nova Iorque: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2004. p. 183-203.

[10] ¹⁰
Corey G, Corey M, Callanan P. Issues an ethics in the helping professions. 7.ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole; 2007.

[11] ¹¹
Nunes R. Bioética e deontologia profissional. 2.ed. Coimbra: Gráfica de Coimbra; 2002.

[12] ¹²
Cottone R, Claus R. Ethical decision-making models: a review of the literature. J Couns Dev 2000 ago; 78(3): 275-83.

[13] ¹³
Tucker R, Adams-Price C. Ethics in the mentoring of gerontologists: rights and responsibilities. Educ Gerontol 2001; 27: 185-97.

[14] ¹⁴
Gerontological Society of America. Gerontological society of America ethics statement. Washington, DC: 2002. Disponível em: URL: http://www.geron.org/Membership/Code%20of%20Ethics/37-Membership/131-code-of-ethics
» http://www.geron.org/Membership/Code%20of%20Ethics/37-Membership/131-code-of-ethics

[15] ¹⁵
Lo B. Resolving ethical dilemmas: a guide for clinicians. 2.ed. Filadélfia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.

[16] ¹⁶
Scott G. Making ethical choices: resolving ethical dilemmas. 1.ed. St. Paul: Paragon House; 1998.

[17] ¹⁷
Parsons R. The ethics of professional practice. 1.ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon; 2001.

[18] ¹⁸
Reamer F. Social work values and ethics. 3.ed. Nova Iorque: Columbia University Press; 2006.

[19] ¹⁹
Dolgoff R, Loewenberg F, Harrington D. Ethical decisions for social work

[20] ²⁰
practice. 7.ed. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole; 2005.

[21] ²¹
Braunack-Mayer A. What makes a problem an ethical problem? An empirical perspective on the nature of ethical problems in general practice. The Journal of Medical Ethics 2001; 27: 98-103.

[22] ²²
Blackmer J. Ethical issues in rehabilitation medicine. J Rehabil Med 2000 jan.; 32(2): 51-5.

[23] ²³
Banks S. Codes of ethics and ethical conduct: a view from the caring professions. Public Money and Management 1998; 18(1): 27-30.

[24] ²⁴
Dawson A. Professional codes of practice and ethical conduct. J Appl Philos 1994; 11(2): 125-33.

[25] ²⁵
Adams J, Tashchian A, Shore T. Codes of ethics as signals for ethical behavior. J Bus Ethics 2001; 29: 199-211.

[26] ²⁶
Dean P. Making codes of ethics 'real'. J Bus Ethics 1992; 11(4): 285-90.

[27] ²⁷
Costa M. Cuidados de enfermagem aos idosos: percursos de formação e de investigação. In: Fonseca A, Paúl C, organizadores. Envelhecer em Portugal: psicologia, saúde e prestação de cuidados. Lisboa: Climepsi; 2005. p. 259-83.

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