Capacidade de trabalho físico e máximo estado estável da frequência cardíaca

Rumenig, Eduardo; Nakamura, Fábio Yuzo; Kiss, Maria Augusta Peduti Dal'Molin; Bertuzzi, Rômulo Cássio de Moraes

doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2010v12n3p171

Resumos

Os objetivos do estudo foram verificar se a potência mecânica estimada pela capacidade de trabalho físico, no limiar da frequência cardíaca (CTF LFC), correspondia à carga de trabalho equivalente ao máximo estado estável da frequência cardíaca (MEE FC) e analisar a influência da duração do exercício sobre o cálculo da CTF LFC. Sete sujeitos foram submetidos a um teste máximo e cinco testes em carga constante relativas ao segundo limiar metabólico (Lim2). A frequência cardíaca (FC) e a variabilidade da FC (VFC) foram estimadas por regressão linear e plotagem de Poincaré, respectivamente. Verificou-se diferença significativa entre a CTF LFC e o MEE FC, independente da intensidade empregada. Além disso, intensidades superiores a 50% do Lim2 não apresentaram estabilização da FC. No entanto, isso foi independente de controle autonômico cardiovascular, pois não havia diferença para SD1 ou SD1/SD2 em função da duração da tarefa. Em síntese, a CTF LFC não representa o MEE FC para adultos jovens fisicamente ativos. Adicionalmente, a ausência de estabilização da FC parece ser independente de mecanismos neurais.

Freqüência cardíaca; Exercício físico; Sistema nervoso autônomo

The objectives of this study were to determine whether the power output measured by physical working capacity at threshold heart rate (PWC THR) was equivalent to power output at the maximal steady state of heart rate (MSS HR), and to analyze the influence of exercise duration on the calculation of PWC THR. Seven subjects were submitted to a maximal progressive test and five bouts at constant power relative to the second metabolic threshold (Lim2). Heart rate (HR) and HR variability were estimated by linear regression and Poincaré plotting, respectively. There was a significant difference between PWC THR and MSS HR, irrespective of the intensity used. Additionally, intensities higher than 50% of Lim2 did not result in HR stabilization. However, the latter finding did not depend on cardiovascular autonomic control since there was no difference in SD1 or SD1/SD2 as a function of duration of the effort. Thus, PWC THR does not represent MSS HR in physically active young adults. Furthermore, the lack of HR stabilization seems to be independent of neural mechanisms.

Heart rate; Physical exercise; Autonomic nervous system

ARTIGO ORIGINAL

Capacidade de trabalho físico e máximo estado estável da frequência cardíaca

Physical working capacity and maximal steady state of heart rate

Eduardo Rumenig^I;Fábio Yuzo Nakamura^II; Maria Augusta Peduti Dal'Molin Kiss^I; Rômulo Cássio de Moraes Bertuzzi^III

^IUniversidade de São Paulo. Laboratório de determinantes energéticos do desempenho esportivo. São Paulo, SP. Brasil.

^IIUniversidade Estadual de Londrina. Grupo de estudo das adaptações fisiológicas ao treinamento. Londrina, PR. Brasil.

^IIIUniversidade de São Paulo. Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Adaptações Neuromusculares. São Paulo, SP. Brasil.

^{Correspondencia para} Eduardo Rumenig Souza Rua Frederico Grotte, 64 ap 58 Jardim Vergueiro. CEP 05818-270 São Paulo, SP. Brasil. E-mail: erumenig@yahoo.com.br

RESUMO

Os objetivos do estudo foram verificar se a potência mecânica estimada pela capacidade de trabalho físico, no limiar da frequência cardíaca (CTF_LFC), correspondia à carga de trabalho equivalente ao máximo estado estável da frequência cardíaca (MEE_FC) e analisar a influência da duração do exercício sobre o cálculo da CTF_LFC. Sete sujeitos foram submetidos a um teste máximo e cinco testes em carga constante relativas ao segundo limiar metabólico (Lim2). A frequência cardíaca (FC) e a variabilidade da FC (VFC) foram estimadas por regressão linear e plotagem de Poincaré, respectivamente. Verificou-se diferença significativa entre a CTF_LFCe o MEE_FC, independente da intensidade empregada. Além disso, intensidades superiores a 50% do Lim2 não apresentaram estabilização da FC. No entanto, isso foi independente de controle autonômico cardiovascular, pois não havia diferença para SD1 ou SD1/SD2 em função da duração da tarefa. Em síntese, a CTF_LFC não representa o MEE_FC para adultos jovens fisicamente ativos. Adicionalmente, a ausência de estabilização da FC parece ser independente de mecanismos neurais.

Palavras-chave: Freqüência cardíaca; Exercício físico; Sistema nervoso autônomo

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this study were to determine whether the power output measured by physical working capacity at threshold heart rate (PWC_THR) was equivalent to power output at the maximal steady state of heart rate (MSS_HR), and to analyze the influence of exercise duration on the calculation of PWC_THR. Seven subjects were submitted to a maximal progressive test and five bouts at constant power relative to the second metabolic threshold (Lim2). Heart rate (HR) and HR variability were estimated by linear regression and Poincaré plotting, respectively. There was a significant difference between PWC_THR and MSS_HR, irrespective of the intensity used. Additionally, intensities higher than 50% of Lim2 did not result in HR stabilization. However, the latter finding did not depend on cardiovascular autonomic control since there was no difference in SD1 or SD1/SD2 as a function of duration of the effort. Thus, PWC_THR does not represent MSS_HR in physically active young adults. Furthermore, the lack of HR stabilization seems to be independent of neural mechanisms.

Keywords: Heart rate; Physical exercise; Autonomic nervous system

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Recebido em 29/01/09

Revisado em 13/07/09

Aprovado em 10/12/09

Bassett DRJR, Howley ET. Maximal oxygen uptake: "classical" versus "contemporary" viewpoints. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29(5):591-603.
Tjonna AE, Lee SJ, Rognmo O, Stolen TO, Bye A, Haram M, et al. Aerobic interval training versus continuous moderate exercise as a treatment for the metabolic syndrome: a pilot study. Circulation 2008;118(4):346-354.
Billat V, Demarle A, Paiva M, Koralsztein JP. Effect of training on the physiological factors of performance in elite marathon runners (males and females). Int J Sports Med 2002;23(5):336-341.
Haddock BL, Wilkin LD. Resistance training volume and post exercise energy expenditure. Int J Sports Med 2006;27(2):143-148.
Svedahl K, Macintosh BR. Anaerobic threshold: concepts and methods of measurement. Can j Appl Physiol 2003;28(2):299-323.
Wingo JE, Lafrenz AJ, Ganio MS, Edwards GL, Cureton KJ. Cardiovascular drift is related to reduced maximal oxygen uptake during heat stress. Med Sci Sports Med 2005;37(2):248-255.
American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Lippincott Williams e Wilkins; 2005.
Wagner LL, Housh TJ. A proposed test for determining physical working capacity at the heart rate threshold. Res Q Exerc Sport 1993;64(3):361-364.
Fritzsche RG, Switzer TW, Hodgkinson BJ, Coyle EF. Stroke volume decline during prolonged exercise is influenced by the increase in heart rate. J Appl Physiol 1999;86(3):799-805.
Hautala A, Tulppo MP, Mäkikallio TH, Laukkanen R, Nissilä S, Huikuri HV. Changes in cardiac autonomic regulation after prolonged maximal exercise. Clin Physiol 2001;21(2):238-245.
Welsh RC, Warburton DER, Humen DP, Taylor DA, Mcgavock J, Haykowsky MJ. Prolonged strenuous exercise alters the cardiovascular response to dobutamine stimulation in male athletes. J Physiol 2005;569(1):325-330.
Almeida MB, Araújo CGS. Efeitos do treinamento aeróbico sobre a freqüência cardíaca. Rev Bras Med Esporte 2003;9(2):104-112.
Delp MD, O'Leary DS. Integrative control of the skeletal muscle microcirculation in the maintenance of arterial pressure during exercise. J Appl Physiol 2004;97(3):1112-1118.
Mourot L, Bouhaddi M, Perrey S, Rouillon JD, Regnard J. Quantitative Poincaré plot analysis of heart rate variability: effect of endurance training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004;91(1):79-87.
Devries HA, Tichy MW, Housh TJ, Smyth KD, Tichy AM, Housh DJ. A method for estimating physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWC_FT). Ergonomics 1987;30(8):1195-1204.
Weir LL, Weir JP, Housh TJ, Johnson GO. Effect of an aerobic training program on physical working capacity at heart rate threshold. Eur J Appl Physiol 1997;75(4):351-356.
Rumenig E, Bertuzzi RCM, Nakamura FY, Franchini E, Matsushigue KA, KISS MAPDK. Cinética e variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca mediante exercício predominantemente aeróbio: influência da intensidade e do tempo de análise. Rev Bras Educ Fís Esp 2007;21(3):205-218.
Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1982;14(5):377-381.
Denadai BS, Figuera TR, Favaro ORP, Gonçalves M. Effect of the aerobic capacity on the validity of the anaerobic threshold for determination of the maximal lactate steady state in cycling. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004;37(10):1551-1556.
Garcin M, Vautier JF, Vandewalle H, Wolff M, Monod H. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during cycling exercises at constant power output. Ergonomics 1998;41(10):1500-1509.
Kingsley M, Lewis MJ, Marson RE. Comparison of polar 810 s and an ambulatory ECG system for RR interval measurement during progressive exercise. Int J Sports Med 2005;26(1):39-44.
Perry SR, Housh TJ, Johnson GO, Ebersole KT, Bull AJ. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion at the physical working capacity at the heart rate threshold. J Strength Cond Res 2001;15(2):225-229.
Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, The North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation 1996;93(5):1043-1064.
Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet; 1986(i):307-310.
Meyer T, Auracher M, Heeg K, Urhausen A, Kindermann W. Effectiveness of low intensity endurance training. Int J Sports Med 2007;28(1):33-39.
Sietsema KE, Daly JA, Wasserman K. Early dynamics of O₂ uptake and heart rate as affected by exercise work rate. J Appl Physiol 1989;67(6):2535-2541.
Dawson EA, Shave R, George K, Whyte G, Ball D, Gaze D, et al. Cardiac drift during prolonged exercise with echocardiographic evidence of reduced diastolic function of the heart. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005;94(3):305-309.

Eduardo Rumenig Souza

Rua Frederico Grotte, 64 ap 58 Jardim Vergueiro.

CEP 05818-270 São Paulo, SP. Brasil.

E-mail:

erumenig@yahoo.com.br

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
10 Out 2012
Data do Fascículo
Jun 2010

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] Bassett DRJR, Howley ET. Maximal oxygen uptake: "classical" versus "contemporary" viewpoints. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29(5):591-603.

[2] Tjonna AE, Lee SJ, Rognmo O, Stolen TO, Bye A, Haram M, et al. Aerobic interval training versus continuous moderate exercise as a treatment for the metabolic syndrome: a pilot study. Circulation 2008;118(4):346-354.

[3] Billat V, Demarle A, Paiva M, Koralsztein JP. Effect of training on the physiological factors of performance in elite marathon runners (males and females). Int J Sports Med 2002;23(5):336-341.

[4] Haddock BL, Wilkin LD. Resistance training volume and post exercise energy expenditure. Int J Sports Med 2006;27(2):143-148.

[5] Svedahl K, Macintosh BR. Anaerobic threshold: concepts and methods of measurement. Can j Appl Physiol 2003;28(2):299-323.

[6] Wingo JE, Lafrenz AJ, Ganio MS, Edwards GL, Cureton KJ. Cardiovascular drift is related to reduced maximal oxygen uptake during heat stress. Med Sci Sports Med 2005;37(2):248-255.

[7] American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Lippincott Williams e Wilkins; 2005.

[8] Wagner LL, Housh TJ. A proposed test for determining physical working capacity at the heart rate threshold. Res Q Exerc Sport 1993;64(3):361-364.

[9] Fritzsche RG, Switzer TW, Hodgkinson BJ, Coyle EF. Stroke volume decline during prolonged exercise is influenced by the increase in heart rate. J Appl Physiol 1999;86(3):799-805.

[10] Hautala A, Tulppo MP, Mäkikallio TH, Laukkanen R, Nissilä S, Huikuri HV. Changes in cardiac autonomic regulation after prolonged maximal exercise. Clin Physiol 2001;21(2):238-245.

[11] Welsh RC, Warburton DER, Humen DP, Taylor DA, Mcgavock J, Haykowsky MJ. Prolonged strenuous exercise alters the cardiovascular response to dobutamine stimulation in male athletes. J Physiol 2005;569(1):325-330.

[12] Almeida MB, Araújo CGS. Efeitos do treinamento aeróbico sobre a freqüência cardíaca. Rev Bras Med Esporte 2003;9(2):104-112.

[13] Delp MD, O'Leary DS. Integrative control of the skeletal muscle microcirculation in the maintenance of arterial pressure during exercise. J Appl Physiol 2004;97(3):1112-1118.

[14] Mourot L, Bouhaddi M, Perrey S, Rouillon JD, Regnard J. Quantitative Poincaré plot analysis of heart rate variability: effect of endurance training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004;91(1):79-87.

[15] Devries HA, Tichy MW, Housh TJ, Smyth KD, Tichy AM, Housh DJ. A method for estimating physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWC_FT). Ergonomics 1987;30(8):1195-1204.

[16] Weir LL, Weir JP, Housh TJ, Johnson GO. Effect of an aerobic training program on physical working capacity at heart rate threshold. Eur J Appl Physiol 1997;75(4):351-356.

[17] Rumenig E, Bertuzzi RCM, Nakamura FY, Franchini E, Matsushigue KA, KISS MAPDK. Cinética e variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca mediante exercício predominantemente aeróbio: influência da intensidade e do tempo de análise. Rev Bras Educ Fís Esp 2007;21(3):205-218.

[18] Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1982;14(5):377-381.

[19] Denadai BS, Figuera TR, Favaro ORP, Gonçalves M. Effect of the aerobic capacity on the validity of the anaerobic threshold for determination of the maximal lactate steady state in cycling. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004;37(10):1551-1556.

[20] Garcin M, Vautier JF, Vandewalle H, Wolff M, Monod H. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during cycling exercises at constant power output. Ergonomics 1998;41(10):1500-1509.

[21] Kingsley M, Lewis MJ, Marson RE. Comparison of polar 810 s and an ambulatory ECG system for RR interval measurement during progressive exercise. Int J Sports Med 2005;26(1):39-44.

[22] Perry SR, Housh TJ, Johnson GO, Ebersole KT, Bull AJ. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion at the physical working capacity at the heart rate threshold. J Strength Cond Res 2001;15(2):225-229.

[23] Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, The North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation 1996;93(5):1043-1064.

[24] Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet; 1986(i):307-310.

[25] Meyer T, Auracher M, Heeg K, Urhausen A, Kindermann W. Effectiveness of low intensity endurance training. Int J Sports Med 2007;28(1):33-39.

[26] Sietsema KE, Daly JA, Wasserman K. Early dynamics of O₂ uptake and heart rate as affected by exercise work rate. J Appl Physiol 1989;67(6):2535-2541.

[27] Dawson EA, Shave R, George K, Whyte G, Ball D, Gaze D, et al. Cardiac drift during prolonged exercise with echocardiographic evidence of reduced diastolic function of the heart. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005;94(3):305-309.