Efeito da crioterapia de imersão sobre a remoção do lactato sanguíneo após exercício

Baroni, Bruno Manfredini; Leal Junior, Ernesto Cesar Pinto; Generosi, Rafael Abeche; Grosselli, Gouglas; Censi, Sinara; Bertolla, Flavia

doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2010v12n3p179

Resumos

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da crioterapia de imersão sobre a remoção do lactato sanguíneo, um importante parâmetro fisiológico relacionado à fadiga muscular, após exercício de alta intensidade. Para tanto, quinze atletas de futebol (15 a 17 anos) foram divididos em Grupo Imersão (GI, n=7) e Grupo Controle (GC, n=8). Os atletas foram submetidos a um protocolo indutor de fadiga muscular (PIFM) por exercício de alta intensidade em ciclo-ergômetro. Após, os atletas do GI realizaram a crioterapia de imersão, por 10 minutos, com os membros inferiores imersos a 5±1º C, enquanto os atletas do GC permaneceram 10 minutos em repouso. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para análise da concentração de lactato previamente ao PIFM (PRÉ), assim como 3, 15 e 25 minutos após o término do exercício (respectivamente PÓS-3, PÓS-15 e PÓS-25). O PIFM elevou as concentrações de lactato sanguíneo dos atletas significativamente e de maneira similar nos dois grupos. No período de recuperação, o Gl apresentou redução da concentração de lactato de 13,6% no PÓS-15 e 15,3%, no PÓS-25, enquanto o GC apresentou 14,6% e 28,5% de redução, no PÓS-15 e PÓS-25, respectivamente. Observou-se que a recuperação passiva apresentou decréscimo significativo da concentração de lactato enquanto o mesmo não foi verificado com a crioterapia. A crioterapia de imersão, nos parâmetros adotados pelo estudo, apresentou-se menos efetiva que repouso para a remoção do lactato sanguíneo após exercício de alta intensidade.

Crioterapia; Fadiga muscular; Recuperação muscular

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of immersion cryotherapy on blood lactate removal, an important physiological parameter related to muscle fatigue, after high-intensity exercise. Fifteen soccer athletes (15 to 17 years) were randomized into an immersion group (IG, n=7) and a control group (CG, n=8). The athletes were subjected to a muscle fatigue inducer protocol (PIFM) on a cycle ergometer. Next, GI athletes underwent immersion cryotherapy for 10 minutes, with the lower limbs being immersed at 5±1º C, whereas CG athletes rested for 10 minutes. Blood samples were collected for the determination of lactate concentration before the PIFM and 3, 15 and 25 minutes after the end of exercise (post-3, post-15 and post-25, respectively). The PIFM resulted in a significant increase of blood lactate concentration in the athletes, which was similar in two groups. During the recovery period, lactate concentration decreased by 13.6% at post-15 and by 15.3% at post-25 in IG, whereas GC presented a decrease of 14.6% and 28.5% decrease at post-15 and post-25, respectively. Passive recovery resulted in a significant decrease of lactate concentration, whereas the same was not observed for cryotherapy. These results suggest that, for the parameters used in this study, immersion cryotherapy was less effective than rest in the removal of blood lactate after high-intensity exercise.

Cryotherapy; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle Recovery

ARTIGO ORIGINAL

Efeito da crioterapia de imersão sobre a remoção do lactato sanguíneo após exercício

Effect of immersion cryotherapy on blood lactate clearance after exercise

Bruno Manfredini Baroni^I;Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal Junior^I;II;III; Rafael Abeche Generosi^I; Gouglas Grosselli^I; Sinara Censi^I; Flavia Bertolla^I

^IUniversidade de Caxias do Sul. Laboratório do Movimento Humano. Instituto de Medicina do Esporte. Caxias do Sul, RS. Brasil.

^IIUniversidade de Caxias do Sul. Curso de Fisioterapia. Caxias do Sul, RS. Brasil.

^IIIUniversidade de Caxias do Sul. Curso de Educação Física. Caxias do Sul, RS. Brasil.

^{Correspondencia para} Bruno Manfredini Baroni Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS) Instituto de Medicina do Esporte (IME) Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130 Bloco 70 CEP: 95070-560 - Caxias do Sul, Brasil E-mail: baroni09@yahoo.com.br

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da crioterapia de imersão sobre a remoção do lactato sanguíneo, um importante parâmetro fisiológico relacionado à fadiga muscular, após exercício de alta intensidade. Para tanto, quinze atletas de futebol (15 a 17 anos) foram divididos em Grupo Imersão (GI, n=7) e Grupo Controle (GC, n=8). Os atletas foram submetidos a um protocolo indutor de fadiga muscular (PIFM) por exercício de alta intensidade em ciclo-ergômetro. Após, os atletas do GI realizaram a crioterapia de imersão, por 10 minutos, com os membros inferiores imersos a 5±1º C, enquanto os atletas do GC permaneceram 10 minutos em repouso. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para análise da concentração de lactato previamente ao PIFM (PRÉ), assim como 3, 15 e 25 minutos após o término do exercício (respectivamente PÓS-3, PÓS-15 e PÓS-25). O PIFM elevou as concentrações de lactato sanguíneo dos atletas significativamente e de maneira similar nos dois grupos. No período de recuperação, o Gl apresentou redução da concentração de lactato de 13,6% no PÓS-15 e 15,3%, no PÓS-25, enquanto o GC apresentou 14,6% e 28,5% de redução, no PÓS-15 e PÓS-25, respectivamente. Observou-se que a recuperação passiva apresentou decréscimo significativo da concentração de lactato enquanto o mesmo não foi verificado com a crioterapia. A crioterapia de imersão, nos parâmetros adotados pelo estudo, apresentou-se menos efetiva que repouso para a remoção do lactato sanguíneo após exercício de alta intensidade.

Palavras-chave: Crioterapia; Fadiga muscular; Recuperação muscular

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of immersion cryotherapy on blood lactate removal, an important physiological parameter related to muscle fatigue, after high-intensity exercise. Fifteen soccer athletes (15 to 17 years) were randomized into an immersion group (IG, n=7) and a control group (CG, n=8). The athletes were subjected to a muscle fatigue inducer protocol (PIFM) on a cycle ergometer. Next, GI athletes underwent immersion cryotherapy for 10 minutes, with the lower limbs being immersed at 5±1º C, whereas CG athletes rested for 10 minutes. Blood samples were collected for the determination of lactate concentration before the PIFM and 3, 15 and 25 minutes after the end of exercise (post-3, post-15 and post-25, respectively). The PIFM resulted in a significant increase of blood lactate concentration in the athletes, which was similar in two groups. During the recovery period, lactate concentration decreased by 13.6% at post-15 and by 15.3% at post-25 in IG, whereas GC presented a decrease of 14.6% and 28.5% decrease at post-15 and post-25, respectively. Passive recovery resulted in a significant decrease of lactate concentration, whereas the same was not observed for cryotherapy. These results suggest that, for the parameters used in this study, immersion cryotherapy was less effective than rest in the removal of blood lactate after high-intensity exercise.

Keywords: Cryotherapy; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle Recovery

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Recebido em 11/08/08

Revisado em 18/12/08

Aprovado em 27/04/09

Barnett A. Using recovery modalities between training sessions in elite athletes. Does it help? Sports Med 2006;36(9):781-796.
Westerblad H, Allen DG, Lannergren J. Muscle fatigue: lactic acid or inorganic phosphate the major cause? News Physiol Sci 2002;17(1):17-21.
Cheung K, Hume PA, Maxwell L. Delayed onset muscle soreness: treatment strategies and performance factors. Sports Med 2003;33(2):145-164.
Taoutaou Z, Granier P, Mercier B, Mercier J, Ahmaidi S, Prefaut C. Lactate kinetics during passive and partially active recovery in endurance and sprint athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1996;73(5):465-470.
Ahmaidi SP, Granier Z, Taoutaou J, Mercier H, Dubouchaud, Prefaut C. Effects of active recovery on plasma lactate anaerobic power following repeated intensive exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996;28(4):450-456.
Martin NA, Zoeller RF, Robertson RJ, Lephart SM. The comparative effects of sports massage, active recovery, and rest in promoting blood lactate clearance after supramaximal leg exercise. J Athl Training 1998;33(1):30-35.
Dotan R, Falk B, Raz A. Intensity effect of active recovery from glycolytic exercise on decreasing blood lactate concentration in prepubertal children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32(3):564-570.
Spierer DK, Goldsmith R, Baran DA, Hryniewicz K, Katz SD. Effects of active vs. passive recovery on work performed during serial supramaximal exercise tests. Int J Sports Med 2004;25(2):109-114.
Eston R, Peters D. Effects of cold water immersion on the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage. J Sports Sci 1999;17(3):231-238.
Howatson G, Van Someren KA. Ice massage: effects on exercise-induced muscle damage. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2003;43(4):500-505.
Howatson G, Gaze D, Van Someren KA. The efficacy of ice massage in the treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2005;15(6):416-422.
Sellwood KL, Brukner P, Williams D, Nicol A, Hinman R. Ice-water immersion and delayed-onset muscle soreness: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2007;41(6):392-397.
Gill ND, Beaven CM, Cook C. Effectiveness of post-match recovery strategies in rugby players. Br J Sports Med 2006;40(3):260-263.
Dowzer CN, Reilly T, Cable NT. Effects of deep and shallow water running on spinal shrinkage. Br J Sports Med 1998;32(1):44-48.
Mekjavic IB, Exner JA, Tesch PA, Eiken O. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy does not affect recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32(3):558-563.
Baldwin Lanier A. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs following exercise-induced muscle injury. Sports Med 2003;33(3):177-185.
Lattier G, Millet GY, Martin A, Martin V. Fatigue and recovery after high-intensity exercise. Part II: recovery interventions. Int J Sports Med 2004;25(7):509-515.
Robergs RA, Ghiasvand F, Parker D. Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004;287(3):502-516.
Cairns SP. Lactic acid and exercise performance: culprit or friend? Sports Med 2006;36(4):279-291.
Reilly T, Ekblom B. The use of recovery methods post-exercise. J Sports Sci 2005;23(6):619-627.
Knight KL. Cryotherapy in Sport Injury Management. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1995.
Miglietta O. Action of cold on spasticity. Am J Phys Med 1973;52(4):198-205.
Abramson DI, Chu LS, Tuck S, Lee SW, Richardson G. Effect of tissue temperatures and blood flow on motor nerve conduction velocity. J Am Med Assoc 1966;198(10):1082-1088.
Knight KL, Bryan KS, Halvorsen JM. Circulatory changes in the forearm in 1, 5, 10 and 15şC water (Abstract). Int J Sports Med 1981;4:281.
Wilcock IM, Cronin JB, Hing WA. Physiological response to water immersion. A method for sport recovery? Sports Med 2006;36(9):747-765.
Andrews J, Harrelson G, Wilk K. Physical rehabilitation of the injured athlete. 3^rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2004.
Serresse O, Lortie G, Bouchard C, Boulay MR. Estimation of the contribution of the various energy systems during maximal work of short duration. Int J Sports Med 1988;9(6):456-460.
Hill DW, Smith JC. Gender difference in anaerobic capacity: role of aerobic contribution. Br J Sports Med 1993;27(1):45-48.
Granier P, Mercier B, Mercier J, Anselme F, Préfaut C. Aerobic and anaerobic contribution of Wingate test performance in sprint and middle-distance runners. Eur J Appl Physiol 1995;70(1):58-65.
Spencer M, Bishop D, Dawson B, Goodman C. Physiological and metabolic responses of repeated-sprint activities. Specific to field-based team sports. Sports Med 2005;35(12):1025-1044.
Koutedakis Y, Sharp NC. Lactic acid removal and heart rate frequencies during recovery after strenuous rowing exercise. Br J Sports Med 1985;19(4):199-202.
Clements JM, Casa DJ, Knight JC, McClung JM, Blake AS, Meenen PM, et al. Ice-water immersion and cold-water immersion provide similar cooling rates in runners with exercise-induced hyperthermia. J Athl Train 2002;37(2):146-150.
Lewis T. Observations upon the reactions of the vessels of the human skin to cold. Heart 1930;15(2):177-208.

Bruno Manfredini Baroni

Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS)

Instituto de Medicina do Esporte (IME)

Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130 Bloco 70

CEP: 95070-560 - Caxias do Sul, Brasil

E-mail:

baroni09@yahoo.com.br

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
10 Out 2012
Data do Fascículo
Jun 2010

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] Barnett A. Using recovery modalities between training sessions in elite athletes. Does it help? Sports Med 2006;36(9):781-796.

[2] Westerblad H, Allen DG, Lannergren J. Muscle fatigue: lactic acid or inorganic phosphate the major cause? News Physiol Sci 2002;17(1):17-21.

[3] Cheung K, Hume PA, Maxwell L. Delayed onset muscle soreness: treatment strategies and performance factors. Sports Med 2003;33(2):145-164.

[4] Taoutaou Z, Granier P, Mercier B, Mercier J, Ahmaidi S, Prefaut C. Lactate kinetics during passive and partially active recovery in endurance and sprint athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1996;73(5):465-470.

[5] Ahmaidi SP, Granier Z, Taoutaou J, Mercier H, Dubouchaud, Prefaut C. Effects of active recovery on plasma lactate anaerobic power following repeated intensive exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996;28(4):450-456.

[6] Martin NA, Zoeller RF, Robertson RJ, Lephart SM. The comparative effects of sports massage, active recovery, and rest in promoting blood lactate clearance after supramaximal leg exercise. J Athl Training 1998;33(1):30-35.

[7] Dotan R, Falk B, Raz A. Intensity effect of active recovery from glycolytic exercise on decreasing blood lactate concentration in prepubertal children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32(3):564-570.

[8] Spierer DK, Goldsmith R, Baran DA, Hryniewicz K, Katz SD. Effects of active vs. passive recovery on work performed during serial supramaximal exercise tests. Int J Sports Med 2004;25(2):109-114.

[9] Eston R, Peters D. Effects of cold water immersion on the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage. J Sports Sci 1999;17(3):231-238.

[10] Howatson G, Van Someren KA. Ice massage: effects on exercise-induced muscle damage. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2003;43(4):500-505.

[11] Howatson G, Gaze D, Van Someren KA. The efficacy of ice massage in the treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2005;15(6):416-422.

[12] Sellwood KL, Brukner P, Williams D, Nicol A, Hinman R. Ice-water immersion and delayed-onset muscle soreness: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2007;41(6):392-397.

[13] Gill ND, Beaven CM, Cook C. Effectiveness of post-match recovery strategies in rugby players. Br J Sports Med 2006;40(3):260-263.

[14] Dowzer CN, Reilly T, Cable NT. Effects of deep and shallow water running on spinal shrinkage. Br J Sports Med 1998;32(1):44-48.

[15] Mekjavic IB, Exner JA, Tesch PA, Eiken O. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy does not affect recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32(3):558-563.

[16] Baldwin Lanier A. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs following exercise-induced muscle injury. Sports Med 2003;33(3):177-185.

[17] Lattier G, Millet GY, Martin A, Martin V. Fatigue and recovery after high-intensity exercise. Part II: recovery interventions. Int J Sports Med 2004;25(7):509-515.

[18] Robergs RA, Ghiasvand F, Parker D. Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004;287(3):502-516.

[19] Cairns SP. Lactic acid and exercise performance: culprit or friend? Sports Med 2006;36(4):279-291.

[20] Reilly T, Ekblom B. The use of recovery methods post-exercise. J Sports Sci 2005;23(6):619-627.

[21] Knight KL. Cryotherapy in Sport Injury Management. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1995.

[22] Miglietta O. Action of cold on spasticity. Am J Phys Med 1973;52(4):198-205.

[23] Abramson DI, Chu LS, Tuck S, Lee SW, Richardson G. Effect of tissue temperatures and blood flow on motor nerve conduction velocity. J Am Med Assoc 1966;198(10):1082-1088.

[24] Knight KL, Bryan KS, Halvorsen JM. Circulatory changes in the forearm in 1, 5, 10 and 15şC water (Abstract). Int J Sports Med 1981;4:281.

[25] Wilcock IM, Cronin JB, Hing WA. Physiological response to water immersion. A method for sport recovery? Sports Med 2006;36(9):747-765.

[26] Andrews J, Harrelson G, Wilk K. Physical rehabilitation of the injured athlete. 3^rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2004.

[27] Serresse O, Lortie G, Bouchard C, Boulay MR. Estimation of the contribution of the various energy systems during maximal work of short duration. Int J Sports Med 1988;9(6):456-460.

[28] Hill DW, Smith JC. Gender difference in anaerobic capacity: role of aerobic contribution. Br J Sports Med 1993;27(1):45-48.

[29] Granier P, Mercier B, Mercier J, Anselme F, Préfaut C. Aerobic and anaerobic contribution of Wingate test performance in sprint and middle-distance runners. Eur J Appl Physiol 1995;70(1):58-65.

[30] Spencer M, Bishop D, Dawson B, Goodman C. Physiological and metabolic responses of repeated-sprint activities. Specific to field-based team sports. Sports Med 2005;35(12):1025-1044.

[31] Koutedakis Y, Sharp NC. Lactic acid removal and heart rate frequencies during recovery after strenuous rowing exercise. Br J Sports Med 1985;19(4):199-202.

[32] Clements JM, Casa DJ, Knight JC, McClung JM, Blake AS, Meenen PM, et al. Ice-water immersion and cold-water immersion provide similar cooling rates in runners with exercise-induced hyperthermia. J Athl Train 2002;37(2):146-150.

[33] Lewis T. Observations upon the reactions of the vessels of the human skin to cold. Heart 1930;15(2):177-208.