Sports participation among Brazilian adolescents and children: systematic review

Participação esportiva entre adolescentes e crianças brasileiras: revisão sistemática

Abstract

The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of sports participation in Brazilian children and adolescents through a systematic literature review. A search was carried out in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE, BIREME, SCIELO, and SCOPUS for manuscripts published until 2020, combining the keywords: “children”, “adolescents”, “prevalence”, and “sports participation”, in Portuguese and English. Twenty-six articles published between 2003 and 2020 were included in the review, with the aim of estimating the prevalence of participation in organized sports in Brazilian children and adolescents. Considering the regions where the studies were carried out, the majority were developed in the south (57.7%; n=15), followed by the southeast (19.2%; n=05), and northeast (15.4%; n=04), in addition to 7.7% (n=02) in all regions of the country. The data showed prevalence of sports participation ranging from 15.0% to 73.2% (mean of 44.8%) among children and adolescents, being higher in males (63.1%). From the results found, the need to develop public policies is evident, in order to favor adherence and maintenance of young people to sports practice, especially among those of the female sex.

Keywords:
Adolescent behavior; Child; Epidemiology; Sports

Resumo

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência de participação esportiva em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. A busca foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas: MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE, BIREME, SCIELO e SCOPUS de manuscritos publicados até o ano de 2020, por meio da combinação das palavras-chave: “crianças”, “adolescentes”, “prevalência” e “participação esportiva”, em português e inglês. Foram incluídos na revisão 26 artigos publicados no período de 2003 a 2020, com objetivo de estimar a prevalência de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros acerca da participação em esportes organizados. Quanto a região de realização do estudo, a maioria foi desenvolvido no sul (57.7%; n=15), seguido do sudeste (19.2%; n=05) e nordeste (15.4; n=04), além de 7.7% (n=02) em todas as regiões do país. Os dados mostraram prevalências de participação esportiva que variaram entre 15.0% a 73.2% (média de 44.8%) entre crianças e adolescentes, sendo superior no sexo masculino (63.1%). A partir dos resultados encontrados evidencia-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para favorecera aderência e manutenção de jovens para a prática esportiva, principalmente entre aqueles do sexo feminino.

Palavras-chave:
Comportamento do adolescente; Criança; Epidemiologia; Esportes

INTRODUCTION

Physical activity is an important health-related behavior in different age groups, including children and adolescents¹, as it is associated with beneficial health effects². Recent data from a literature review identified a low estimate of global physical activity among children and adolescents³. This raises concerns on the part of public health agencies in particular, as low levels of physical activity are a risk factor for the development of many chronic diseases, not only in childhood and adolescence but also in adult life⁴, resulting in higher expenses for the Brazilian public health system⁵.

In view of the above, to increase the levels of physical activity in children and adolescents, participation in organized sports has been shown to be a good strategy, due to greater engagement on the part of this age group, contributing to an increase in energy expenditure⁶ and improving the physical fitness of young people⁷. In addition, it should be noted that the sports practice environment is an important context for the development of identity, emotions, psychological skills, and social relationships⁸.

Therefore, carrying out studies focused on the subject in question makes it possible to draw up a profile of sports practice in Brazilian children and adolescents to serve as a basis for the elaboration of actions with a view to greater engagement in this age group.

In view of the above, the objective of the present study was to describe the prevalence of sports participation in Brazilian children and adolescents through a systematic review of the literature.

METHOD

Search strategies

In the present review, sport participation was considered a subset of structured physical activity, being goal-oriented and competitive. For the development of the review, standardized protocols were followed⁹, according to the registration in PROSPERO under number: PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021236338. The search was conducted in the databases, Medline, Web of Science, Bireme, Scielo, and Scopus from August to December 2021 by three authors independently. The search strategies included the combination of the following descriptors in English and Portuguese, when requested; children, teenagers, prevalence, sports, Brazil. The Boolean operators “or” and “and” were used for intra-group and inter-group combinations, respectively.

Identification of eligible studies

The initial search was carried out by three independent reviewers, from the reading of the titles. In case of doubts about the inclusion of a certain article, the abstract was read. After this step, two other reviewers evaluated the articles in full from the establishment of the inclusion criteria. A third reviewer was requested when there was a lack of agreement between the first two.

Selection criteria

As inclusion criteria to enter the review, the following were considered: I) original cross-sectional, cohort, or intervention studies published without peer-reviewed journals; II) present the prevalence of sports participation in Brazilian children and adolescents; III) samples with Brazilian children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years (or a mean age within these ranges or separate data for individuals in this age group).

Data extraction and synthesis

After selecting the studies, the following information was extracted; year of publication, study location, total sample and stratified by sex, age group, and study design, as well as the prevalence of general sports participation and by sex. The quality of the studies was independently assessed by two reviewers using a risk of bias tool utilized in prevalence studies. This instrument consists of ten items, organized as follows; items one to four assess the external validity, and from five to ten the internal validity of the study¹⁰.

The results were arranged into three tables in alphabetical order, the first with methodological aspects, the second with data on sports participation, and the third with information on the methodological qualification of the articles.

RESULTS

From the initial search, 7646 articles were retrieved, which were evaluated by titles and abstracts and, after excluding duplicate articles and those with topics unrelated to the objective of the present study, 68 articles were read in full. Of these, 42 were excluded for not presenting prevalence of sports participation. Finally, 26 met all inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review (Figure 1)^11-36.

Figure 1
Flowchart of the systematic review.

The data presented in Table 1 show that from 2014 onwards, there was an increase in the number of studies aimed at identifying the prevalence of sports participation in children and adolescents. The majority of studies were developed in the Southern region (n=13; 50.0%), followed by the Southeast (n= 05; 19.2%), and Northeast (n= 04; 15.4%), as well as studies with national sampling (n= 2; 7.7%). Regarding the number of young people evaluated, the majority of studies considered a sample of more than 600 (n= 20; 76.9%), mainly adolescents (n= 21; 80.8%). The table also shows that of the 26 studies included, 24 (92.3%) had a cross-sectional design.

Table 1
General data on the selected studies (n= 26).

Studies	Year	Location	Sample size	Sample size boys/girls	Age range	Design
Bedendo and Noto11	2015	Brazil	13,872	5,714/7,906	14-18	Cross-sectional
Carlisle et al.12	2019	Recife	320	n/s	10-16	Cross-sectional
Cayres et al.13	2015	Presidente Prudente	120	n/s	11-14	Cross-sectional
Coledam et al.14	2014	Londrina	827	377/450	10-17	Cross-sectional
Coledam and Ferraiol15	2017	Londrina	737	427/450	10-17	Cross-sectional
Coledam et al.16	2017	Londrina	753	357/396	10-17	Cross-sectional
Coledam et al.17	2018	Londrina	729	223/505	10-17	Cross-sectional
da Costa et al.18	2020	Florianópolis	999	485/514	11-15	Cross-sectional
Christofaro et al.19	2015	Presidente Prudente and Londrina	3,494	1,622/1,872	10-18	Cross-sectional
Dutra et al.20	2015	Pelotas	616	n/s	08	Longitudinal
Fernandes et al.21	2008	Presidente Prudente	1,495	812/942	11-17	Cross-sectional
Fernandes et al.22	2011	Presidente Prudente	1,161	469/692	11-17	Cross-sectional
Fernandes et al.23	2014	Presidente Prudente and Londrina	2,782	1,310/1,472	10-17	Cross-sectional
Ferreira et al.24	2019	Maringá	707	332/375	06-10	Cross-sectional
Lima et al.25	2016	Presidente Prudente	107	n/s	07-10	Longitudinal
Lima and Silva26	2019	São José	861	379/482	14-19	Cross-sectional
Magno et al.27	2020	Brazil	71,142	32,843/38,299	>15	Cross-sectional
Malcon et al.28	2003	Pelotas	1,187	575/612	10-19	Cross-sectional
Mendonça et al.29	2018	João Pessoa	2,859	1,206/1,653	16-19	Cross-sectional
Mendonça et al.30	2018	João Pessoa	2,350	1,045/1,291	16-19	Cross-sectional
Nunes and Silva31	2019	São José	1,112	n/s	14-19	Cross-sectional
Ponce-Blandón et al.32	2020	Uruguaiana	470	216/254	09-10	Cross-sectional
Saes et al.33	2014	Rio Grande	625	284/341	06-18	Cross-sectional
Silva and dos Santos34	2015	Aracaju	2,243	836/1,377	13-18	Cross-sectional
Torres et al.35	2020	Presidente Prudente	260	182/78	11-18	Cross-sectional
Victo et al.36	2017	Ilhabela	413	219/194	11-18	Cross-sectional

The objective of the current systematic review was to seek information on the prevalence of sports participation in Brazilian children and adolescents, including studies published up to the year 2020. With respect to the prevalence found, the data showed a variation between 15.0% and 73.2% (mean prevalence of 44.8%) among children and adolescents, being higher in males (63.1%) compared to females (35.4%) (Table 2).

Table 2
Prevalence of sports participation among children and adolescents (n = 26).

Studies	Year	Sports participation (girls[%])	Sports participation (boys [%])	Overall sports participation (%)
Bedendo and Noto11	2015	n/s	n/s	62.9
Carlisle et al.12	2019	36.3	63.7	33.9
Cayres et al.13	2015	43.1	56.5	50.0
Coledam and Ferraiol15	2014	19.6	47.7	n/s
Coledam et al.16	2017	37.6	71.6	35.0
Coledam et al.16	2017	30.0	70.0	n/s
Coledam et al.17	2018	20.8	51.0	35.7
da Costa et al.18	2020	24.4	67.6	45.0
Christofaro et al.19	2015	n/s	n/s	61.8
Dutra et al.20	2015	n/s	n/s	28.8
Fernandes et al.21	2008	9.4	21.2	14.8
Fernandes et al.22	2011	43.6	63.3	n/s
Fernandes et al.23	2014	n/s	n/s	62.5
Ferreira et al.24	2019	n/s	n/s	28.0
Lima et al.25	2016	n/s	n/s	48.6
Lima et al.26	2019	n/s	n/s	32.6
Magno et al.27	2020	n/s	n/s	23.4
Malcon et al.28	2003	n/s	n/s	45.1
Mendonça et al.29	2017	n/s	68.6	44.5
Mendonça et al.30	2018	33.9	75.7	50.5
Nunes et al.31	2019	63.1	85.2	73.2
Ponce-Blandón et al.32	2020	n/s	n/s	37.0
Saes et al.33	2014	n/s	n/s	53.5
Silva and dos Santos34	2015	n/s	n/s	42.3
Torres et al35	2020	62.7	63.9	n/s
Victo et al.36	2017	43.5	77.7	61.5

• Note. n/s – not shown in the study.

Regarding the evaluation of the quality of the studies, among the results obtained for items one to four, which relate to external validity, the majority adhered to the criteria, with the exception of item four in which 14 (53.8%) studies did not present information about sample losses. Considering items five to ten, indicative of internal validity, only two items were not met by more than half of the selected studies, with seven referring to the presentation of the validity of the instruments used (61.5%) and nine referring to the indication of a minimum period of sports practice (57.7%) (Table 3).

Table 3
Assessment of studies quality.

	Questions
Studies	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Bedendo and Noto11	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Carlisle et al.12	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Cayres et al.13	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Coledam et al.14	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
Coledam and Ferraiol15	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
Coledam et al.16	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Coledam et al.17	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Costa et al.18	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Christofaro et al.19	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
Dutra et al.20	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Fernandes et al.21	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Fernandes et al.22	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Fernandes et al.23	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Ferreira et al.24	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
Lima et al.25	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
Lima and Silva26	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
Magno et al.27	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
Malcon et al.28	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
Mendonça et al.29	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Mendonça et al.30	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Nunes and Silva31	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
Ponce-Blandón et al.32	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
Saes et al.33	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Silva and dos Santos34	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Torres et al.35	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Victo et al.36	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes

• Note. 1 - Was the sampling frame a true or close representation of the target population?; 2 - Was the population target presented?; 3 - Was some form of random election used to select the sample?; 4 - Was the likelihood of non-response bias minimal?; 5 - Were data collected directly from the subjects?; 6 - Was an acceptable case definition used in the study?; 7 - Was the study instrument that measured the parameter of interest shown to have reliability and validity; 8 - Was the same mode of data collection used for all subjects?; 9 - Was the length of the shortest prevalence period for the parameter of interest appropriate?; 10 - Were the numerator(s) and denominator(s) for the parameter of interest appropriate?

DISCUSSION

This systematic review aimed to describe the prevalence of sports participation among Brazilian children and adolescents, in order to assist in the indirect identification of the level of physical activity in this age group, since participation in organized sports among children and adolescents has been shown to represent a possibility for increasing physical activity levels among children and adolescents³⁷. From the reading of the 26 articles that make up the present review, the following findings can be observed: i) studies on the subject in children are still scarce; ii) there is no consensus on the criteria that define sports participation; iii) the average prevalence obtained was 44.8%, being higher in males.

In terms of the age group investigated, few studies were conducted in children. In general, this is due to the difficulty in evaluating sports practice in this age group, as well as the level of global physical activity³⁸. In addition, the need for parental involvement, especially among very young children, tends to make it difficult to carry out studies with this age group. Including the engagement of the child in the sport itself. According to Fernandes et al.²², child participation is greater when parents also practice a sport, especially mothers, since they tend to be the closest figure to the child and, therefore, have a great influence on the formation and adoption of children's habits.

Regarding the evaluation of sports participation, self-reported questionnaires were the main tool used to measure the variable in question, due to their cost-benefit, efficiency, and ease of application on a large scale¹². However, the wide variety of criteria used to determine sports participation, based or not on a theoretical framework, and/or the absence of reporting of these factors in the studies in the present review, made it difficult to compare studies.

The mean global prevalence regarding the engagement of children and adolescents in sports practice was 44.8%. In terms of sport, data indicate that soccer is the most widely practiced among young Brazilians (53.1%), followed by volleyball (29.1%)³⁹. In the present review, only 04 studies of the 26 presented the prevalence according to the sport^12,20,27,30, demonstrating that soccer is the most practiced sport, corroborating the findings of Azevedo et al.³⁹.

This higher frequency of participation in soccer presented by some studies in this review is put forward as one of the possible explanations for the higher prevalence of participation in sports observed in males (63.1%) compared to females. This reflects the fact that some sports, such as soccer and futsal, favor the participation of boys, not girls. However, the studies included in this review that evaluated participation in sports according to sex found that volleyball was the most practiced among girls. Sports continue to be evaluated in terms of gender, both for those with a less pronounced predilection, such as basketball and volleyball, and for those already seen as potentially masculine, as is the case of soccer and futsal. Even though women in the current scenario occupy different spaces hitherto dominated by men, there are still reflexes that make it difficult for them to participate in certain sports³⁹.

In addition to this gender issue, the family can also influence this outcome, referring to greater male participation in sports, since boys tend to receive greater encouragement to participate in sports than girls⁴⁰. This scenario calls attention to the need for actions aimed at increasing female participation in sports, in order to provide greater levels of physical activity, which contribute to an increase in energy expenditure6 and the development of physical fitness⁷, serving as protection against the development of chronic diseases in the short and long term⁴.

As the main limitation of the present study, it is highlighted that, due to the lack of a common criterion for determining sports participation, the comparability between the studies is compromised. However, the data from the present study reflect the current academic scenario regarding sports participation and its prevalence among Brazilian children and adolescents. These results can be used as a base document for the development of actions aimed at increasing participation among young people, as well as directing new studies on the subject, given that not all regions of the country are represented in these studies or the child population.

CONCLUSION

From the data obtained in the current review, it was possible to conclude that the mean prevalence of sports participation is low and that this is influenced by the participant's sex, as boys presented a higher prevalence than girls.

• How to cite this article Pereira FB, Oliveira CBS, Marques JVG, Langkamer MFB, Ferreira MIM, Fusrtenau SC, Carvalho LRMS, Melo GF, Ferrari EP. Sports participation among Brazilian adolescents and children: systematic review. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2022, 24:e86739. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2022v24e86739

• Funding

  This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. This study was funded by the authors

REFERENCES

• ¹
  Coledam DHC, Ferraiol PF. Engagement in physical education classes and health among young people: does sports practice matter? A cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Med J. 2017;135(6):548-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2017.0111260617 PMid:29166432.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2017.0111260617
• ²
  Christofaro DG, Ritti-Dias RM, Chiolero A, Fernandes RA, Casonatto J, de Oliveira AR. Physical activity is inversely associated with high blood pressure independently of overweight in Brazilian adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013;23(3):317-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01382.x PMid:22092334.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01382.x
• ³
  Barbosa VC Fo, Costa RM, Oliveira BN, Castro VHS, Silva KS. Prevalence of global physical activity among young people: an updated systematic review for Brazil’s Report Card. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum. 2021;20(4):12-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2021v23e82643
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2021v23e82643
• ⁴
  Fernandes RA, Zanesco A. Early physical activity promotes a lower prevalence of chronic diseases in adulthood. Hypertens Res. 2010;33(9):926-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hr.2010.106 PMid:20574424.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hr.2010.106
• ⁵
  Bielemann RM, Knuth AG, Hallal PC. Atividade física e redução de custos por doenças crônicas ao sistema único de saúde. Rev Bras Ativ Fís Saúde. 2010;15(1):9-14.
• ⁶
  Katzmarzyk PT, Malina RM. Contribution of organized sports participation to estimated daily energy expenditure in youth. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 1998;10(4):378-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.10.4.378
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.10.4.378
• ⁷
  Henrique RS, Ré AHN, Stodden DF, Fransen J, Campos CM, Queiroz DR, et al. Association between sports participation, motor competence and weight status: a longitudinal study. J Sci Med Sport. 2016;19(10):825-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.512 PMid:26777724.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.512
• ⁸
  Fredricks JA, Eccles JS. Is extracurricular participation associated with beneficial outcomes? Concurrent and longitudinal relations. Dev Psychol. 2006;42(4):698-713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.698 PMid:16802902.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.698
• ⁹
  Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(10):1006-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 PMid:19631508.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005
• ¹⁰
  Hoy D, Brooks P, Woolf A, Blyth F, March L, Bain C, et al. Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater agreement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2012;65(9):934-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014 PMid:22742910.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014
• ¹¹
  Bedendo A, Noto AR. Sports practices related to alcohol and tobacco use among high school students. Braz J Psychiatry. 2015;37(2):99-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1389 PMid:25714754.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1389
• ¹²
  Carlisle CC, Weaver RG, Stodden DF, Cattuzzo MT. Contribution of organized sport participation to health-related fitness in adolescents. Glob Pediatr Health. 2019;24(6):1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794X19884191 PMid:31696145.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794X19884191
• ¹³
  Cayres SU, Vanderlei LC, Rodrigues AM, Silva MJ, Codogno JS, Barbosa MF, et al. Prática esportiva está relacionada à atividade parassimpática em adolescentes. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2015;33(2):174-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpped.2014.09.002 PMid:25887927.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpped.2014.09.002
• ¹⁴
  Coledam DH, Ferraiol PF, Pires R Jr, Ribeiro EA, Ferreira MA, Oliveira AR. Agreement between two cut-off points for physical activity and associated factors in young individuals. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2014;32(3):215-22. PMid:25479852.
• ¹⁵
  Coledam DHC, Ferraiol PF. Engagement in physical education classes and health among young people: does sports practice matter? A cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Med J. 2017;135(6):548-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2017.0111260617 PMid:29166432.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2017.0111260617
• ¹⁶
  Coledam DHC, Ferraiol PF, Pires R Jr, Greca JPA, Oliveira AR. Overweight and obesity are not associated to high blood pressure in young people sport practitioners. Cien Saude Colet. 2017;22(12):4051-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320172212.04812016 PMid:29267722.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320172212.04812016
• ¹⁷
  Coledam DHC, Ferraiol PF, Oliveira ARD. Higher cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in males could not be attributed to physical activity, sports practice, or sedentary behavior in young people. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum. 2018;20(1):43-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2018v20n1p43
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2018v20n1p43
• ¹⁸
  da Costa BGG, Chaput JP, Lopes MVV, da Costa RM, Malheiros LEA, Silva KS. Association between Lifestyle Behaviours and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Sample of Brazilian Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(19):7133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197133 PMid:33003466.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197133
• ¹⁹
  Christofaro DG, Fernandes RA, Martins C, Ronque ER, Coelho-e-Silva MJ, Silva AM, et al. Prevalence of physical activity through the practice of sports among adolescents from Portuguese speaking countries. Cien Saude Colet. 2015;20(4):1199-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015204.00692014 PMid:25923630.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015204.00692014
• ²⁰
  Dutra GF, Kaufmann CC, Pretto AD, Albernaz EP. Television viewing habits and their influence on physical activity and childhood overweight. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91(4):346-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2014.11.002 PMid:25619605.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2014.11.002
• ²¹
  Fernandes RA, Freitas IF Jr, Cardoso JR, Vaz Ronque ER, Loch MR, Oliveira AR. Association between regular participation in sports and leisure time behaviours in Brazilian adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2008;23(8):329. PMid:18811976.
• ²²
  Fernandes RA, Christofaro DG, Milanez VF, Casonatto J, Cardoso JF, Ronque VER, et al. Atividade física: prevalência, fatores relacionados e associação entre pais e filhos. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2011;29(1):54-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822011000100009
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822011000100009
• ²³
  Fernandes RA, Christofaro DG, Dias RM, Codogno JS, de Oliveira AR. Malnutrition and its association with activities during leisure time among adolescents. Cien Saude Colet. 2014;19(3):875-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014193.07442013 PMid:24714901.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014193.07442013
• ²⁴
  Ferreira L, Vieira JLP, Silva PN, Chaves RN, Fernandes RA, Cheuczuk F, et al. The role of sport participation and body mass index in predicting motor competence of school-age children. J Phys Educ. 2019;30:e3024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/jphyseduc.v30i1.3024
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/jphyseduc.v30i1.3024
• ²⁵
  Lima MCS, Turi BC, Silva DRP, Ritti-Dias RM, Cucato GG, Codogno JS, et al. Sport participation in paediatric age affects modifications in diabetes markers in adulthood. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2016;37(4):452-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13410-016-0516-3
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13410-016-0516-3
• ²⁶
  Lima TR, Silva DAS. Association between sports practice and physical education classes and lifestyle among adolescents. Human Mov. 2019;20(3):48-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/hm.2019.83996
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/hm.2019.83996
• ²⁷
  Magno F, Ten Caten CS, Reppold AR Fo, Callegaro AM, Ferreira ACD. Factors Related to Sports Participation in Brazil: an analysis based on the 2015 National Household Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(17):6011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176011 PMid:32824883.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176011
• ²⁸
  Malcon MC, Menezes AM, Chatkin M. Prevalência e fatores de risco para tabagismo em adolescentes. Prevalence and risk factors for smoking among adolescents. Rev Saude Publica. 2003;37(1):1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102003000100003 PMid:12488914.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102003000100003
• ²⁹
  Mendonça G, Florindo AA, Rech CR, Freitas DKS, Farias Júnior JC. Perceived neighbourhood environmental characteristics and different types of physical activity among Brazilian adolescents. J Sports Sci. 2018;36(9):1068-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1356024 PMid:28741451.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1356024
• ³⁰
  Mendonça G, Cheng LA, Farias JC Jr. Padrões de prática de atividade física em adolescentes de um município da região Nordeste do Brasil Standards of physical activity practices in adolescents in a city of Northeastern Brazil. Cien Saude Colet. 2018;23(7):2443-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018237.21782016 PMid:30020396.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018237.21782016
• ³¹
  Nunes HEG, Silva DAS. Sports practice from childhood to adolescence: behavior patterns and associated factors. Mot Rev de Educ Fis. 2019;25(3):1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-6574201900030006
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-6574201900030006
• ³²
  Ponce-Blandón JA, Deitos-Vasquez ME, Romero-Castillo R, da Rosa-Viana D, Robles-Romero JM, Mendes-Lipinski J. Sedentary behaviours of a school population in brazil and related factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(19):6966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196966
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196966
• ³³
  Saes MDO, Soares MD, Mucillo-Baisch A, Soares MCF. Factors associated with musculo-skeletal pain in municipal public-school students in the far South of Brazil. Rev Bras Saúde Mater Infant. 2014;14(3):211-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-38292014000300002
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-38292014000300002
• ³⁴
  Silva DAS, Dos Santos SRJ. Association between sports participation and sedentary behaviour during school recess among Brazilian adolescents. J Hum Kinet. 2015;45:225-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0023 PMid:25964825.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0023
• ³⁵
  Torres W, Cayres-Santos SU, Urban JB, de Moraes-Chagas LG, Christofaro DGD, Turi-Lynch BC, et al. Participation in non-professional sports and cardiovascular outcomes among adolescents: ABCD growth study. Matern Child Health J. 2020;24(6):787-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-02919-1 PMid:32323117.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-02919-1
• ³⁶
  Victo ERD, Ferrari GLDM, Silva JPD, Araújo TL, Matsudo VKR. Lifestyle indicators and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2017;35(1):61-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/;2017;35;1;00016 PMid:28977318.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/;2017;35;1;00016
• ³⁷
  Malina RM. Children and adolescents in the sport culture: the overwhelming majority to the select few. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2009;7(2):S1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1728-869X(09)60017-4
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1728-869X(09)60017-4
• ³⁸
  Costa FF, Liparotti JR. Reprodutibilidade do questionário dia típico de atividade física e alimentação. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum. 2010;12:21-8.
• ³⁹
  Azevedo MR Jr, Araújo CLP, Pereira FM. Atividades físicas e esportivas na adolescência: mudanças de preferências ao longo das últimas décadas. Rev Bras Educ Fís Esp. 2006;20(1):51-8.
• ⁴⁰
  Fernandes RA, Reichert FF, Monteiro HL, Freitas IF Jr, Cardoso JR, Ronque ER, et al. Characteristics of family nucleus as correlates of regular participation I sports among adolescents. Int J Public Health. 2012;57(2):431-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-010-0207-7 PMid:21046189.
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-010-0207-7

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  27 Apr 2022
• Date of issue
  2022

History

• Received
  13 Dec 2021
• Accepted
  30 Mar 2022