VARIABILIDAD GENÉTICA DEL CRECIMIENTO EN PROGENIES SELECTAS DE Pinus radiata

Mora, Freddy; Zamudio, Francisco

doi:10.5902/198050981921

RESUMEN

Heredabilidad en sentido estricto (h2), correlación genética intra-clase (Γ2IC) y componentes de varianza para la altura, diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) y volumen del fuste, a los siete años de edad después de la plantación, fueron analizados en dos ensayos de progenie de Pinus radiata establecidos en el sur de Chile, en orden a examinar la variabilidad genética del crecimiento en una generación avanzada de la especie. Estos ensayos incluyeron árboles provenientes de propagación vegetativa y generativa. Las heredabilidades fueron estimadas para los árboles originados de semillas, y mostraron los siguientes valores: altura, 0.08-0.13; diámetro a la altura del pecho, 0-0.13; volumen del fuste, 0-0.09. Los valores de la correlación genética intra-clase, estimados para el grupo de árboles originados de propagación vegetativa, fueron moderados a bajos (Γ2IC: altura, 0.1-0.11; diámetro a la altura del pecho, 0.01-0.05; volumen del fuste, 0.03-0.06). No obstante la presencia de heredabilidades y correlaciones moderadas para algunas características y, la variación relativamente limitada entre grupos de árboles reflejan la fuerte selección realizada a las progenies. En general, los árboles provenientes de estacas presentaron una tendencia a la menor variación intra-genotípica, y evidenciaron magnitudes relativas de las varianzas debida al grupo (σ2G) mayores a las varianzas familiares (σ2F), en cuatro de seis caracteres evaluados, indicando una tendencia a la mayor homogeneidad en el crecimiento, característica común de la propagación vegetativa.

Palabras-clave:
Pinus radiata; correlación genética intra-clase; heredabilidad; estacas

ABSTRACT

Narrow sense heritability (h2), intra-class genetic correlations (Γ2IC) and variance components for height, diameter at breast height and stem volume of seven-year-old trees were investigated. Two progeny trials of Pinus radiata were planted in southern Chile and growth data obtained to estimate genetic variability. These trials included trees from vegetative and generative propagation. Generative propagated trees were used to estimate the heritability, which indicated the following values: height, 0.08-0.13; stem diameter, 0-0.13; stem volume, 0-0.09. Estimates of intra-class genetic correlations among groups of trees from vegetative propagation were moderate to low (Γ2IC at 7 years of age: height, 0.1-0.11; stem diameter, 0.01-0.05; stem volume, 0.03-0.06). The relatively limited variation between trees groups was expected, reflecting the strong selection applied. In general, trees from cuttings displayed a tendency to have a smaller intra-genotypic variation, and a greater among groups variances (σ2g) than family variances (σ2f), in four out of six traits evaluated. This indicated a tendency for a greater homogeneity in growth, as is common in vegetatively propagated plants.

Keywords:
Pinus radiata; intra-class genetic correlation; heritability; cuttings

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REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS

BARRIOS, A. Determinación del diámetro del cilindro central defectuoso en trozas podadas de pino radiata (Pinus radiata D. Don), mediante atenuación de radiación gamma. 2004. 131p. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Florestal) - Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 2004.
BORRALHO, N.M.G.; COTTERILL, P.P.; KANOWSKI, P.J. Genetic control of growth of Eucalyptus globulus in Portugal. II. Efficiencies of early selection. Silvae Genetica, v.41, n.2, p.70-77, 1992a.
BORRALHO, N.M.G.; ALMEIDA, M.; COTTERILL, P. Genetic control of growth of young Eucalyptus globulus clones in Portugal. Silvae Genetica , v. 41, n. 2, p.100-105, 1992b.
BURDON, R. D.; SHELBOURNE, C. J. A. The use of vegetative propagules for obtaining genetic information. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, v. 4, p. 418-425, 1974.
BURDON, R. D.; BANNISTER, M. H.; LOW, C. B. Variance structures and narrow-sense heritabilities for growth variables and morphological traits in seedlings. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science , v. 22, p. 160-181, 1992a.
BURDON, R. D.; BANNISTER, M. H.; LOW, C. B. Variance structures and heretabilities in juvenile clones. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science , v. 4, p. 187-210, 1992b.
FALCONER, D. S. Introduction to quantitative genetics. London: Longman, 1976. 365p.
FARIAS-NETO, J.T.; RESENDE, M.D.V. Aplicação da metodologia de modelos mistos (REML/BLUP) na estimação de componentes de variância e predição de valores genéticos em pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes). Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v.23, n.2, p.320-324, 2001.
FOSTER, G. S. Trends in genetic parameters with stand development and their influence on early selection for volume growth in loblolly pine. Forest Science, v.32, p.944-959, 1986.
GIANNINI, R.; RADDI, S. Clonal selection in Cupressus sempervirens: estimates of genetic parameters in juvenil growth. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v.22, p.76-81, 1992.
HANSCHE, P.E. Response to Selection. In: Moore, J.; Janick, J. (Ed.). Methods in fruit breeding. Indiana: Purdue University Press, 1983. p.154-171.
PEREZ, F.; PAREDES, G. Estudio de disponibilidad de pino radiata: 2003-2032. Santiago, Instituto Forestal, Ministerio de Agricultura de Chile, 6p. Disponível em: <Disponível em: http://www.infor.cl/webinfor/publicaciones/Documentos_2005/disponibilidad_marzo05.pdf >. Acesso em: 1 mai. 2005.
» http://www.infor.cl/webinfor/publicaciones/Documentos_2005/disponibilidad_marzo05.pdf
KARLSSON, I.; RUSSELL, J. Comparisons of yellow cypress trees of seedlings and rooted cuttings origins after 9 and 11 years in the field. Canadian Journal of Forest Research , v. 20, p. 37-42, 1990.
MEBRAHTU, T.; HANOVER, J. W. Heritability and expected gain estimates for traits of black locust in Michigan. Silvae Genetica , v. 38, p. 125-130, 1989.
MONTGOMERY, D. Diseño y Análisis de Experimentos. México: Grupo Editorial Iberoamericana, 1992. p. 467-509.
PEDERICK, L.A. Family x site interactions in Pinus radiata in Victoria, Australia, implications for breeding strategy. Silvae Genetica , v. 39, p. 134-140, 1990.
RODRIGUEZ, G.H.; LÓPEZ, C.R. Variación genética de progenies de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis Barret y Golfari. Quebracho, v. 9, p. 19-28, 2002.
ROULUND, H. Comparative study of characteristics of seedlings and clonal cuttings. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science , v. 4, p. 378-386, 1974.
SAS INSTITUTE. Statistical analysis system user’s guide. Release 6.12. Cary : SAS INSTITUTE, 1996. 956p.
VENCOVSKY, R.; BARRIGA. P. Genética biométrica no fitomelhoramento. Ribeirão Preto, Revista Brasileira de Genética, 496p. 1992.
WHITE, T.L.; HODGE, G. R. Predicting breeding values with applications in forest tree improvement. Boston: Kluwer, 1989. 367p.
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Fechas de Publicación

Publicación en esta colección
Oct-Dec 2006

Histórico

Recibido
22 Jun 2005
Acepto
08 Set 2006

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons

[1] BARRIOS, A. Determinación del diámetro del cilindro central defectuoso en trozas podadas de pino radiata (Pinus radiata D. Don), mediante atenuación de radiación gamma. 2004. 131p. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Florestal) - Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 2004.

[2] BORRALHO, N.M.G.; COTTERILL, P.P.; KANOWSKI, P.J. Genetic control of growth of Eucalyptus globulus in Portugal. II. Efficiencies of early selection. Silvae Genetica, v.41, n.2, p.70-77, 1992a.

[3] BORRALHO, N.M.G.; ALMEIDA, M.; COTTERILL, P. Genetic control of growth of young Eucalyptus globulus clones in Portugal. Silvae Genetica , v. 41, n. 2, p.100-105, 1992b.

[4] BURDON, R. D.; SHELBOURNE, C. J. A. The use of vegetative propagules for obtaining genetic information. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, v. 4, p. 418-425, 1974.

[5] BURDON, R. D.; BANNISTER, M. H.; LOW, C. B. Variance structures and narrow-sense heritabilities for growth variables and morphological traits in seedlings. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science , v. 22, p. 160-181, 1992a.

[6] BURDON, R. D.; BANNISTER, M. H.; LOW, C. B. Variance structures and heretabilities in juvenile clones. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science , v. 4, p. 187-210, 1992b.

[7] FALCONER, D. S. Introduction to quantitative genetics. London: Longman, 1976. 365p.

[8] FARIAS-NETO, J.T.; RESENDE, M.D.V. Aplicação da metodologia de modelos mistos (REML/BLUP) na estimação de componentes de variância e predição de valores genéticos em pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes). Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v.23, n.2, p.320-324, 2001.

[9] FOSTER, G. S. Trends in genetic parameters with stand development and their influence on early selection for volume growth in loblolly pine. Forest Science, v.32, p.944-959, 1986.

[10] GIANNINI, R.; RADDI, S. Clonal selection in Cupressus sempervirens: estimates of genetic parameters in juvenil growth. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v.22, p.76-81, 1992.

[11] HANSCHE, P.E. Response to Selection. In: Moore, J.; Janick, J. (Ed.). Methods in fruit breeding. Indiana: Purdue University Press, 1983. p.154-171.

[12] PEREZ, F.; PAREDES, G. Estudio de disponibilidad de pino radiata: 2003-2032. Santiago, Instituto Forestal, Ministerio de Agricultura de Chile, 6p. Disponível em: <Disponível em: http://www.infor.cl/webinfor/publicaciones/Documentos_2005/disponibilidad_marzo05.pdf >. Acesso em: 1 mai. 2005.
» http://www.infor.cl/webinfor/publicaciones/Documentos_2005/disponibilidad_marzo05.pdf

[13] KARLSSON, I.; RUSSELL, J. Comparisons of yellow cypress trees of seedlings and rooted cuttings origins after 9 and 11 years in the field. Canadian Journal of Forest Research , v. 20, p. 37-42, 1990.

[14] MEBRAHTU, T.; HANOVER, J. W. Heritability and expected gain estimates for traits of black locust in Michigan. Silvae Genetica , v. 38, p. 125-130, 1989.

[15] MONTGOMERY, D. Diseño y Análisis de Experimentos. México: Grupo Editorial Iberoamericana, 1992. p. 467-509.

[16] PEDERICK, L.A. Family x site interactions in Pinus radiata in Victoria, Australia, implications for breeding strategy. Silvae Genetica , v. 39, p. 134-140, 1990.

[17] RODRIGUEZ, G.H.; LÓPEZ, C.R. Variación genética de progenies de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis Barret y Golfari. Quebracho, v. 9, p. 19-28, 2002.

[18] ROULUND, H. Comparative study of characteristics of seedlings and clonal cuttings. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science , v. 4, p. 378-386, 1974.

[19] SAS INSTITUTE. Statistical analysis system user’s guide. Release 6.12. Cary : SAS INSTITUTE, 1996. 956p.

[20] VENCOVSKY, R.; BARRIGA. P. Genética biométrica no fitomelhoramento. Ribeirão Preto, Revista Brasileira de Genética, 496p. 1992.

[21] WHITE, T.L.; HODGE, G. R. Predicting breeding values with applications in forest tree improvement. Boston: Kluwer, 1989. 367p.

[22] ZOBEL, B.; TALBERT, J. Applied forest tree improvement. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1984. 505p.

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