IN VITRO MULTIPLICATION OF Swietenia macrophylla KING (MELIACEAE) FROM JUVENILE SHOOTS

MULTIPLICAÇÃO IN VITRO DE Swietenia macrophylla KING (MELIACEAE) A PARTIR DE MATERIAL JUVENIL

ABSTRACT

Big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) is an important species for timber production that is considered the most valuable in the world. For this reason its exploitation is indiscriminate and leads this species to the risk of extinction. Moreover, mahogany is difficult to regenerate naturally and, when used in reforestation programs, plants are severely damaged by the shoot-borer (Hypsipyla grandella Zellar). This work aimed at developing the multiplication stage of micropropagation of Swietenia macrophylla King using juvenile material. After desinfestation, seeds were germinated in MS solid culture medium. Shoot formation from seeds occurred during five months, giving 5.54 nodal segments per seed. These explants were excised, each containing one axillary bud, and transferred on multiplication media. Four experiments with cytokinins were conducted, using media supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (2.5 to 50.0 µM), 2- isopentenyladenine (2-iP) (0; 1.1 to 8.8 µM), combinations of BAP (0; 2.5 to 50.0 µM) and 2-iP (2.2 µM). For the first treatments the basal culture medium was MS medium and in the last one MS and QL media were used in separate experiments. When BAP was tested alone, the maximum point of multiplication rate average was obtained on medium containing 23.61 µM, while 2-iP did not induce bud multiplication. On QL culture medium supplemented with the combinations of BAP (0; 2.5; 5.0; 10.0 e 20.0 µM ) and 2-iP (2.2 µM), there was no multiplication. The maximum point of multiplication rate average was 5.7 µM, obtained when the MS culture medium was supplemented with 18.51 µM BAP and 2.2 µM 2-iP.

Keywords:
Cytokinins; mahogany; micropropagation; tropical species

RESUMO

Swietenia macrophylla King (mogno) é uma espécie arbórea nativa da Amazônia cuja madeira é considerada uma das mais nobres do mundo. Por esse motivo, vem sofrendo grande pressão de exploração, colocando-a entre as espécies em risco de extinção. Além disso, possui dificuldade de regeneração natural e de estabelecimento em reflorestamentos, sendo atacado por larvas de Hypsipyla grandella Zellar. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver a etapa de multiplicação in vitro de mogno. Após a desinfestação, as sementes foram colocadas para germinar em meio de cultura MS completo. Após 6 semanas de germinação, os caules foram cortados em segmentos nodais, cada um contendo uma gema axilar. Foram realizados quatro experimentos com meios de cultura acrescidos de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) (2,5; 5; 10; 20 e 50 µM), 2-isopenteniladenina (2-iP) (0; 1,1; 2,2; 4,4 e 8,8 µM) e combinações de BAP (0; 2,5; 5; 10; 20 e 50 µM) e 2-iP (2,2 µM). Nos dois primeiros tratamentos (BAP e 2-iP isoladamente), o meio de cultura MS foi utilizado como meio básico e, nos últimos tratamentos, utilizaram-se os meios MS e QL. Quando BAP foi testado isoladamente, o ponto máximo da taxa média de multiplicação foi de 23,61 µM, enquanto que não houve multiplicação na presença de 2-iP. O meio de cultura QL, suplementado com as combinações de BAP (0; 2,5; 5; 10 e 20 µM) e 2-iP (2,2 µM), não induziu a multiplicação dos brotos. O ponto máximo da taxa média de multiplicação foi de 18,51 µM, obtido com o uso do meio de cultura MS acrescido de BAP e 2,2 µM de 2-iP.

Palavras-chave:
Citocininas; mogno; micropropagação; espécie tropical

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

• ALBARRAN, J. G.; VIELMA, M.; CONTRERAS, I.G. Cultivo in vitro de Swietenia macrophylla King: estudio de condiciones óptimas para la regeneración y la transformación genética. Revista Forestal Venezolana, Merida, v. 4, n. 22, p. 111-118, 1997.
• ANDERSON, W.C. Micropropagation of filbert, Corylus avellana Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagators Society, Ashville, v. 33, p. 132-137, 1984.
• ASHOK, K.J.; CRAIG, L.N. Clonal propagation of Campotheca acuminata through shoot bud culture. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, Dordrecht, v. 44, p. 229-233, 1996.
• CHALUPA, V. Micropropagation of conifer and broadleaved forest trees. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Cechosloveniae, Strand, v. 2, n.13, p. 7-39, 1983.
• GAMBORG, O.L; MILLER, R.A.; OJIMA, K. Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Experimental Cell Research, Orlando, v. 50, p. 151-158, 1968.
• GEORGE, E.F. Plant propagation by tissue culture: the technology. Great Britain: Exegetics Limited, 1993. v. 1, p. 574.
• GRATTAPAGLIA, D.; MACHADO, M.A. Micropropagação. In: TORRES, A.C.; CALDAS, L.S.; BUSO, J.A. (eds.) Cultura de tecidos e transformação genética de plantas. Brasília: EMBRAPA SPI/EMBRAPA CNPH, 1998. v.1, p.183-260.
• KATAOKA, I.; INOUE, H. Factors influencing ex vitro rooting of tissue cultured papaya shoots. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), Wageningen, v. 321, p. 589-597, 1992.
• LAMB, F.B. Mahogany of tropical America: its ecology and management. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996. p. 219.
• LEE, S.K.; RAO, A.N. Plantlet production of Swietenia macrophylla King through tissue culture. Garden’s Bulletin, Singapore, v. 4, n. 1, p. 11-18, 1988.
• LLOYD, G.; McCOWN, B. Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagators Society , Ashville, v. 30, p. 421-427, 1980.
• LOPES, S.C.; LAMEIRA, O.A.; FORTES, G.R.L.; NOGUEIRA, R.C.; PINTO, J.E.B.P. Enraizamento in vitro de mogno (Swietenia macrophylla King). Revista Cerne, Lavras, v. 7, p. 124-128, 2001.
• MACKAY, W.A.; TIPTON, J.L.; THOMPSON, G.A. Micropropagation of Mexican redbud, Cercis canadensis var. mexicana Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture , Dordrecht, v. 43, p. 295 299, 1995.
• MARUYAMA, E.; ISHII, K. Tissue culture studies on big-leaf mahogany Swietenia macrophylla In: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP BIO-REFOR, 6., 1997, Brisbane. Proceedings... Brisbane: IUFRO/SPDC, 1997. p.116-118.
• MARUYAMA, E.; ISHII, K.; SAITO, A.; MIGITA, K. Screening of suitable sterilization of explants and proper media for tissue culture of eleven tree species of Peru-amazon forest. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, v. 23, p. 252-261, 1989 a.
• MARUYAMA, E.; ISHII, K.; SAITO, A.; MIGITA, K. Micropropagation of cedro (Cedrela odorata L.) by shoot tip culture. Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society, Chiyodaku, v. 71, p. 329-331, 1989b.
• MURASHIGE, T.; SKOOG, F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, Copenhagen, v. 15, p. 473-497, 1962.
• QI-GUANG, Y.; READ, P.E; FELLMAN, R.H.; HOSIER, M.A. Effect of cytokinin, IBA and rooting regime on Chinese chestnut cultured in vitro HortScience, Alexandria, v. 21, p. 133-134, 1986.
• QUOIRIN, M.; LEPOIVRE, P. Etude de milieux adaptés aux cultures in vitro de Prunus sp Acta Horticulturae, Wageningen, v. 78, p. 437-442. 1977.
• RAMAGE, C.M.; WILLIAMS, R.R. Mineral nutrition and plant morphogenesis. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, Wallinghord, v. 38, p. 116-124, 2002.
• SRISKANDARAJAH, S.; SKIRVIN, R.M.; ABU-QAOUD, H.; KORBAN, S.S. Factors involved in shoot elongation and growth of adventitious and axillary shoots of tree apple scion cultivars in vitro Journal of Horticultural Science, Ashford, v. 65, p. 113-121, 1990.
• VALVERDE-CERDAS, L.; DUFOUR, M.; VILLALOBOS, V. In vitro organogenesis in Albizia guachapele, Cedrella odorata and Swietenia macrophylla (Fabaceae, Meliaceae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, San Jose, v. 42, p. 225-228, 1998.
• VENKETESWARAN, S.; DIAS, M.A.D.L.; SULTANBAWA, F.; WEYERS, U.V. Tissue culture studies on mahogany trees, Swietenia. In: AHUJA, M. R. (Ed.) Somatic cell genetics of woody plants. London : Kluwer, 1988. p.147-153.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  Apr-Jun 2007

History

• Received
  17 July 2005
• Accepted
  04 Apr 2007