DIAGRAMA DE MANEJO DA DENSIDADE PARA POVOAMENTO DE Pinus taeda L. CONDUZIDO SEM DESBASTE

Schneider, Paulo Sérgio Pigatto; Fleig, Frederico Dimas; Schneider, Paulo Renato; Finger, César Augusto Guimarães; Chaves, Djalma Millers; Moreira, Antônio Maurício

doi:10.5902/19805098898

RESUMO

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estudar a eficiência dos modelos que expressam a relação de densidade/diâmetro e autodesbaste em povoamentos de Pinus taeda L., implantados em vários espaçamentos, manejados em densidade completa, sem desbaste e altamente estocada, medida até a idade de 18 anos. Os resultados indicaram que o modelo de densidade e diâmetro de Tang apresentou boa precisão estatística, tendo apresentado: coeficiente de determinação igual a 0,99; erro padrão da estimativa igual a 0,0948; coeficiente de variação igual a 1,17%; mínima tendência com valor igual a 0,0086; e elevada eficiência, com valor igual a 0,8976. O coeficiente angular da equação de densidade e diâmetro não permitiu comprovar a universalidade da lei do autodesbaste, cujo valor do coeficiente angular é estipulado em -3/2. Com este modelo de densidade e diâmetro foram gerados seis Índices de Densidade do Povoamento (IDP), que variaram de um valor máximo igual a 1.400 até o mínimo de 600, com intervalo de classe de IDP de 200, tendo, como referência, o diâmetro padrão de 25 cm. Os Diagramas de Manejo da Densidade (DMD) da população, elaborados para as variáveis dendrométricas: diâmetro médio, área basal e volume por hectare, por IDP, apresentaram boa eficiência, com baixo erro na estimativa. Os volumes reais por hectare e os estimados no DMD apresentaram diferença absoluta de -7,39 m3ha-1 e relativa de -1,79 %, demonstrando elevada precisão do modelo de DMD. As estimativas volumétricas por hectare do DMD em relação aos valores reais apresentaram valor de Eficiência igual a 0,99, o que indica alta precisão, e valor de χ 2 igual a 0,00034, não significativo a 0,01% de probabilidade, demonstrando que os valores reais e os estimados não diferem estatisticamente entre si.

Palavras-chave:
diagrama; sem desbaste; densidade; Pinus taeda

ABSTRACT

This work was developed with the purpose of studying the efficiency of the models which express the density-diameter relationship in stands of Pinus taeda L., implanted in several spacing and handled in unthinning density, and were measured every year until the of 18 age. Results indicated that all of the size- density relationship of Tang model presented good statistical precision, was more efficient than the others, presenting excellent coefficient of determination (0.99), low standard error of estimate (0.0948), low coefficient of variation (1.17%), low bias (0.0086) and high efficiency (0.8976). The slope of the size- density didn’t allow proving the universality of the self-tinning law, with value of this slope is equal -3/2. With help of the size-density model, 6 Indexes of Density of the Stands (IDPs) were generated, with variation from the maximum 1400 to the minimum 600, with interval of class of IDP equal to 200, having as reference the standard diameter of 25 cm. The population’s Density Management Diagram (DMD), elaborated for the dendrometric variables - average diameter, basal area and volume for hectare (by IDP) - presented good efficiency with low mistake in the estimate of the values of these variables. Real volume and estimate volume per hectare in DMD presented an absolute difference of just -7.39 m3ha-1 and a relative difference of -1.79 %, showing a great precision of the DMD model. The estimates volume of DMD per hectare, in relation to the real values, presented a value of efficiency equal to 0.99, what indicates a high precision, and an χ 2 value equal to 0.00034, not significant to 0.01% of probability, demonstrating that the real and the estimate values don't differ statistical amongst themselves.

Keywords:
diagram; size-density; unthinning; Pinus taeda

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REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

ARCHIBALD, D. J.; BOWLING, C. Jack pine density management diagram for boreal Ontario. Northeast Science & Technology, NEST Technical Note TN-005. 1995, 19p.
BURKHART, H. E. Estimating growth and mortality. Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1974. 15p.
CELLINI, J. M. et al. Modelos de perfil de tronco en Nothofagus pumilio (Polp. et Endl.) Krasser y su utilización en el cálculo del volumen total. Invest. Agr.: Sist. Recur. For., Ministerio de Agricultura, Instituto Forestal de Investigaciones y Experiencias, Madrid, v.11, n.2, p.245-261, 2002.
DEAN, T. J.; JOKELA, E. J. A density-management diagram for slash pine plantations in the lower coast plain. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, Society of American Foresters, v.16, n.4, p.51-54, 1992.
DEL RIO, M.; MONTERO, G.; BRAVO, F. Analysis of diameter-density relationships and self-thinning in non- thinned even-aged Scots pine stands. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdan, v.142, p.79-87, 2001.
DREW, T. J.; FLEWELLING, J. W. Some recent Japanese theories of yield density relationships and their application to Monterey pine plantations. Forest Science, Bethesda, v.23, n.4, p.517-534, 1977.
DREW, T. J.; FLEWELLING, J. W. Stand density management: an alternative approach and its application to Douglas-fir plantations. Forest Science , Bethesda, v.25, n.3, p.518-532, 1979.
GINRICH, S. F. Measuring and evaluating stocking and stand density in upland harwood forests in the central states. Forest Science , Bethesda, v.13, n.1, p.38-53, 1967.
HARRINGTON, T. B. Silvicultural approaches for thinning Southern Pines: Method, intensity and timing. USA. University of Georgia. Publ. n. FSP001. 17p. 1997.
LEE, Y. L. Predicting mortality for even-aged stands of lodgepole pine. Forestry Chronicle, Mattawa, v. 47, n.1, p.29-32, 1971.
LONG, J. N.; SMITH, F. W. Relation between size and density in developing stands: a description and possible mechanisms. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdan, v.7, p.191-206, 1985.
MOTTA, F. S.; BEIRSDORF, M. J. C.; GARCEZ, R. B. Zoneamento agrícola do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina: normas agro-climáticas. Pelotas: Ministério da Agricultura. 1971. 80p.
OSAWA, A.; ALLEN, R. B. Allometric theory explains self-thinning relationships of mountain beech and Red pine. Ecology, v.74, n.4, p.1020-1032, 1993.
PALAHI, M.; MIIMA, J.; MONTERO, E. Stand-level yield model for scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in north-east Spain. Invest. Agr. Sist. Recur. For., Ministerio de Agricultura, Instituto Forestal de Investigaciones y Experiencias, Madrid, v.11, n.2, p.409-424. 2002.
REID, R. Silvicultural management of Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon) in plantations and multi-purpose forests. In: GOVE, J. H. Structural stocking guides: a new look at an old friend. National Research Council Canada, Canadá, 2004.
REINEKE, L. H. Perfecting a stand-density index for even-aged forests. Candian Agricultural Research, Ottawa, v.46, p.627-638, 1933.
SANTA CATARINA. Gabinete de Planejamento e Coordenação Geral. Subchefia de Estatística. Geografia e Informática. Atlas de Santa Catarina. Rio de Janeiro: Aerofoto Cruzeiro. 1986. 173p.
SMITH, D. J.; WOODS, M. E. Red pine and white pine density management diagrams for Ontario. Tech. Rep. n.48. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southcentral Sciences Division, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 1997. 31p.
SMITH, N. J.; HANN, D. W. A growth model based on the self-thinning rule. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, New Westminster, v.16, n.2, p.330-334, 1986.
STERBA, H.; MONSERUD, R.A. The maximum density concept applied to uneven-aged mixed-species stands. Forest Science, Bethesda, v.39, n.3, p.432-452, 1993.
TANG, S. et al. A growth and self-thinning model for pure even-aged stands: theory and applications. Forest Ecology and Management . Amsterdan, v.70, p.67-73, 1994.
TANG, S.; MENG, F. R.; MENG, C. H. The impact of initial stand density and site index on maximum stand density index and self-thinning index in a stand self-thinning model. Forest Ecology and Management , Amsterdan, v.75, p.61-68, 1995.
WEST, P. W.; BOUROUGH, C. J. Tree supervision and the self-thinning. Rule in a monoculture of Pinus radiata D.Don. Annals of Botany, Oxford, v.52, p.149-158. 1983.
WESTOBY, M. The place of the self-thinning rule in population dynamics. American Naturalist, Chicago, v.118, n.4, p.581-587, 1981.
YODA, K. et al. Self-thinning in over crowed pure stands under cultivated and natural conditions. Journal Biological. Osaka, v.14, p.107-129, 1963.
ZEIDE, B. Analysis of the 3/2 power law of self-thinning. Forest Science , Bethesda, v.33, n.2, p.17-537, 1987.
ZEIDE, B. Self-thinning and stand density. Forest Science , Bethesda, v.37, n.2, p.517-523, 1991.
ZEIDE, B. Tolerance and self-tolerance of trees. Forest Ecology and Management , Amsterdan, v.13, p.149-166, 1985.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Oct-Dec 2009

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons

[1] ARCHIBALD, D. J.; BOWLING, C. Jack pine density management diagram for boreal Ontario. Northeast Science & Technology, NEST Technical Note TN-005. 1995, 19p.

[2] BURKHART, H. E. Estimating growth and mortality. Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1974. 15p.

[3] CELLINI, J. M. et al. Modelos de perfil de tronco en Nothofagus pumilio (Polp. et Endl.) Krasser y su utilización en el cálculo del volumen total. Invest. Agr.: Sist. Recur. For., Ministerio de Agricultura, Instituto Forestal de Investigaciones y Experiencias, Madrid, v.11, n.2, p.245-261, 2002.

[4] DEAN, T. J.; JOKELA, E. J. A density-management diagram for slash pine plantations in the lower coast plain. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, Society of American Foresters, v.16, n.4, p.51-54, 1992.

[5] DEL RIO, M.; MONTERO, G.; BRAVO, F. Analysis of diameter-density relationships and self-thinning in non- thinned even-aged Scots pine stands. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdan, v.142, p.79-87, 2001.

[6] DREW, T. J.; FLEWELLING, J. W. Some recent Japanese theories of yield density relationships and their application to Monterey pine plantations. Forest Science, Bethesda, v.23, n.4, p.517-534, 1977.

[7] DREW, T. J.; FLEWELLING, J. W. Stand density management: an alternative approach and its application to Douglas-fir plantations. Forest Science , Bethesda, v.25, n.3, p.518-532, 1979.

[8] GINRICH, S. F. Measuring and evaluating stocking and stand density in upland harwood forests in the central states. Forest Science , Bethesda, v.13, n.1, p.38-53, 1967.

[9] HARRINGTON, T. B. Silvicultural approaches for thinning Southern Pines: Method, intensity and timing. USA. University of Georgia. Publ. n. FSP001. 17p. 1997.

[10] LEE, Y. L. Predicting mortality for even-aged stands of lodgepole pine. Forestry Chronicle, Mattawa, v. 47, n.1, p.29-32, 1971.

[11] LONG, J. N.; SMITH, F. W. Relation between size and density in developing stands: a description and possible mechanisms. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdan, v.7, p.191-206, 1985.

[12] MOTTA, F. S.; BEIRSDORF, M. J. C.; GARCEZ, R. B. Zoneamento agrícola do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina: normas agro-climáticas. Pelotas: Ministério da Agricultura. 1971. 80p.

[13] OSAWA, A.; ALLEN, R. B. Allometric theory explains self-thinning relationships of mountain beech and Red pine. Ecology, v.74, n.4, p.1020-1032, 1993.

[14] PALAHI, M.; MIIMA, J.; MONTERO, E. Stand-level yield model for scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in north-east Spain. Invest. Agr. Sist. Recur. For., Ministerio de Agricultura, Instituto Forestal de Investigaciones y Experiencias, Madrid, v.11, n.2, p.409-424. 2002.

[15] REID, R. Silvicultural management of Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon) in plantations and multi-purpose forests. In: GOVE, J. H. Structural stocking guides: a new look at an old friend. National Research Council Canada, Canadá, 2004.

[16] REINEKE, L. H. Perfecting a stand-density index for even-aged forests. Candian Agricultural Research, Ottawa, v.46, p.627-638, 1933.

[17] SANTA CATARINA. Gabinete de Planejamento e Coordenação Geral. Subchefia de Estatística. Geografia e Informática. Atlas de Santa Catarina. Rio de Janeiro: Aerofoto Cruzeiro. 1986. 173p.

[18] SMITH, D. J.; WOODS, M. E. Red pine and white pine density management diagrams for Ontario. Tech. Rep. n.48. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southcentral Sciences Division, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 1997. 31p.

[19] SMITH, N. J.; HANN, D. W. A growth model based on the self-thinning rule. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, New Westminster, v.16, n.2, p.330-334, 1986.

[20] STERBA, H.; MONSERUD, R.A. The maximum density concept applied to uneven-aged mixed-species stands. Forest Science, Bethesda, v.39, n.3, p.432-452, 1993.

[21] TANG, S. et al. A growth and self-thinning model for pure even-aged stands: theory and applications. Forest Ecology and Management . Amsterdan, v.70, p.67-73, 1994.

[22] TANG, S.; MENG, F. R.; MENG, C. H. The impact of initial stand density and site index on maximum stand density index and self-thinning index in a stand self-thinning model. Forest Ecology and Management , Amsterdan, v.75, p.61-68, 1995.

[23] WEST, P. W.; BOUROUGH, C. J. Tree supervision and the self-thinning. Rule in a monoculture of Pinus radiata D.Don. Annals of Botany, Oxford, v.52, p.149-158. 1983.

[24] WESTOBY, M. The place of the self-thinning rule in population dynamics. American Naturalist, Chicago, v.118, n.4, p.581-587, 1981.

[25] YODA, K. et al. Self-thinning in over crowed pure stands under cultivated and natural conditions. Journal Biological. Osaka, v.14, p.107-129, 1963.

[26] ZEIDE, B. Analysis of the 3/2 power law of self-thinning. Forest Science , Bethesda, v.33, n.2, p.17-537, 1987.

[27] ZEIDE, B. Self-thinning and stand density. Forest Science , Bethesda, v.37, n.2, p.517-523, 1991.

[28] ZEIDE, B. Tolerance and self-tolerance of trees. Forest Ecology and Management , Amsterdan, v.13, p.149-166, 1985.

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