SITE INDEX MODELS FOR CALABRIAN PINE (<i>Pinus brutia</i> Ten.) IN THASOS ISLAND, GREECE

Kitikidou, Kyriaki; Bountis, Diamantis; Milios, Elias

doi:10.5902/198050982755

ABSTRACT

A site index model for Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) in Thasos island (North Aegean sea, Greece) is presented. The model was fitted and validated from 150 stem analyses, obtained from 75 fixed-area plots from five experimental sites. Four height growth equations of difference form were tested and the BAILEY and CLUTTER (1974) function was considered appropriate due to its good performance with both fitting and validation data. The results show errors lower than 5% and little bias.

Keywords:
difference equations; Pinus brutia Ten; site index model

RESUMO

Um modelo de índice de sítio para o pinheiro calabrês (Pinus brutia Ten.) na ilha Thasos Grécia foi apresentado. O modelo foi ajustado e validado com dados de análises de tronco de 150 árvores, obtidas de 75 parcelas de área fixa provenientes de cinco sítios experimentais. Quatro equações de crescimento em altura na forma de diferença algébrica foram testadas, sendo que a função de BAILEY e CLUTTER (1974) foi considerada apropriada devido à sua boa performance tanto com dados de ajuste como os de validação. Os resultados mostraram erros mais baixos do que 5 % e pouco viés.

Palavras-chave:
Curvas de sítio; Pinus brutia Ten; método da diferença algébrica

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REFERENCES

ADAMOPOULOS, S. et al. Ring width, latewood proportion and dry density in stems of Pinus brutia Ten. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, Berlin, v. 67, n. 4, p. 471-477, 2009.
ÁLVAREZ-GONZÁLEZ, J. et al. Modeling the effect of thinnings on the diameter distribution of even-aged maritime pine stands. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 165, n. 1-3, p. 57-65, 2002.
ARNOLD, R. et al. Genetic variation and tree improvement. In: NAMBIAR, S.; FERGUSON, I. (Eds.). New Forests: Wood production and environmental services. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing, 2005. p. 248.
BAILEY, R.; CLUTTER, J. Base-age invariant polymorphic site curves. Forest Science, v. 20, n. 2, p. 155-159, 1974.
BRAVO-OVIEDO, A. et al. Site index curves and growth model for Mediterranean maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in Spain. Forest Ecology and Management , v. 201, n. 2-3, p. 187-197, 2004.
BURKHART, H. Suggestions for choosing an appropriate level for modeling forest stands. In: AMARO, A. et al. (Eds.). Modeling Forest Ecosystems. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2003. p. 3-10.
CALAMA, R. et al. Inter-regional variability in site index models for even-aged stands of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Spain. Annals of Forest Science , v. 60, n. 3, p. 259-269, 2003.
CAO, Q. Estimating coefficients of base-age- invariant site index equations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Ottawa, v. 23, p. 2343-2347, 1993.
CARMEAN, W. Site index curves for upland oaks in the Central States. Forest Science , v. 18, n. 2, p. 109-120, 1972.
CLUTTER, J. Compatible growth and yield models for Loblolly pine. Forest Science , v. 9, n. 3, p. 354-371, 1963.
ELFVING, B.; KIVISTE, A. Construction of site index equations for Pinus sylvestris L. using permanent plot data in Sweden. Forest Ecology and Management , v. 98, n. 2, p. 125-134, 1997.
EZEKIEL, M.; FOX, K. Methods of correlation and regression analysis. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1959. 550 p.
FRANKIS, M. Morphology and affinities of Pinus brutia In: TASHKIN, O. (Ed.). Papers International Symposium Pinus brutia Marmaris, Ankara, 1993. p. 11-18.
FRANKIS, M. Pinus brutia Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, London, v. 16, n. 3, p. 173-184, 1999.
GADOW, K. et al. Modelización del crecimiento y la evolución de bosques. IUFRO, Vienna, v. 12, p. 234-242, 2001.
GARCÍA, O. The state space approach in growth modeling. Canadian Journal of Forest Research , Ottawa, v. 24, p. 1894-1903, 1994.
GOELZ, J.; BURK, T. Development of a well-behaved site index equation: jack pine in North Central Ontario. Canadian Journal of Forest Research , Ottawa, v. 22, p. 776-784, 1992.
GOELZ, J.; BURK, T. Measurement error causes bias in site index equations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research , Ottawa, v. 26, p. 1585-1593, 1996.
HATZISTATHIS, A. et al. Growth and yield of Pinus brutia reforestations in relation with soil and physiographic factors. Greece, Scientific Annals of the Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, 1995. v. 38.
HEGER, L. Effect of index age on the precision of site index. Canadian Journal of Forest Research , Ottawa, v. 3, n. 1, p. 1-6, 1973.
HUANG, S. Development of compatible height and site index models for young and mature stands within an ecosystem-based management framework. In: AMARO, A.; TOMÉ, M. (Eds.). Empirical and process based models for forest tree and stand growth simulation. Oeiras: Salamandra. 1997. p. 591.
LAIRD, R.; CADY, F. Combined analysis of yield data from fertilizer experiments. Agronomy Journal, Madison, v. 61, p. 829-834, 1969.
LEVESQUE, R. SPSS programming and data management. A guide for SPSS and SAS users. 3rd edition. Chicago, USA: SPSS Inc., 2006. 388 p.
MARQUARDT, D.; SNEE, R. Ridge regression in practice. The American Statistician, v. 29, n. 1, p. 3-20, 1975.
MCCARTHY, P. The use of balanced half-sample replication in cross-validation studies. Journal of the American Statistical Association, v. 71, n. 355, p. 596-604, 1976.
MONSERUD, R. Height growth and site index curves for inland Douglas-fir based on stem analysis data and forest habitat type. Forest Science , v. 30, n. 4, p. 943-965, 1984.
NEWBERRY, J. A note on Carmean’s estimate of height from stem analysis data. Forest Science , v. 37, p. 368-369, 1991.
PALAHÍ, M. et al. Modeling site quality and individual-tree growth in pure and mixed Pinus brutia stands in north-east Greece. Annals of Forest Science , v. 65, n. 5, p. 501-515, 2008.
RICHARDS, F. A flexible growth function for empirical use. Journal of Experimental Botany, v. 10, p. 290-301, 1959.
RÍO, M.; MONTERO, G. Modelo de simulación de claras en masas de Pinus sylvestris L. Madrid: Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, 2001. (Monografías INIA: Forestal n. 3).
SKORDILIS, A.; THANOS C. Comparative ecophysiology of seed germination strategies in the seven pine species naturally growing in Greece. In: ELISS, R. et al. (Eds.). Basic and applied aspects in seed biology. Dordrecht: Klower Academic Press, 1997. p. 623-632.
SOARES, P. et al. Evaluating a growth model for forest management using continuous forest inventory data. Forest Ecology and Management , v. 71, n. 3, p. 251-265, 1995.
SPANOS, I. et al. Postfire, natural regeneration of Pinus brutia forests in Thasos island, Greece. Acta Oecologica, v. 21, n. 1, p. 13-20, 2000.
STONE, M. Cross-validation choice and assessment of statistical predictions (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, v. 36, p.111-147, 1974.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Jan-Mar 2011

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

[1] ADAMOPOULOS, S. et al. Ring width, latewood proportion and dry density in stems of Pinus brutia Ten. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, Berlin, v. 67, n. 4, p. 471-477, 2009.

[2] ÁLVAREZ-GONZÁLEZ, J. et al. Modeling the effect of thinnings on the diameter distribution of even-aged maritime pine stands. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 165, n. 1-3, p. 57-65, 2002.

[3] ARNOLD, R. et al. Genetic variation and tree improvement. In: NAMBIAR, S.; FERGUSON, I. (Eds.). New Forests: Wood production and environmental services. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing, 2005. p. 248.

[4] BAILEY, R.; CLUTTER, J. Base-age invariant polymorphic site curves. Forest Science, v. 20, n. 2, p. 155-159, 1974.

[5] BRAVO-OVIEDO, A. et al. Site index curves and growth model for Mediterranean maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in Spain. Forest Ecology and Management , v. 201, n. 2-3, p. 187-197, 2004.

[6] BURKHART, H. Suggestions for choosing an appropriate level for modeling forest stands. In: AMARO, A. et al. (Eds.). Modeling Forest Ecosystems. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2003. p. 3-10.

[7] CALAMA, R. et al. Inter-regional variability in site index models for even-aged stands of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Spain. Annals of Forest Science , v. 60, n. 3, p. 259-269, 2003.

[8] CAO, Q. Estimating coefficients of base-age- invariant site index equations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Ottawa, v. 23, p. 2343-2347, 1993.

[9] CARMEAN, W. Site index curves for upland oaks in the Central States. Forest Science , v. 18, n. 2, p. 109-120, 1972.

[10] CLUTTER, J. Compatible growth and yield models for Loblolly pine. Forest Science , v. 9, n. 3, p. 354-371, 1963.

[11] ELFVING, B.; KIVISTE, A. Construction of site index equations for Pinus sylvestris L. using permanent plot data in Sweden. Forest Ecology and Management , v. 98, n. 2, p. 125-134, 1997.

[12] EZEKIEL, M.; FOX, K. Methods of correlation and regression analysis. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1959. 550 p.

[13] FRANKIS, M. Morphology and affinities of Pinus brutia In: TASHKIN, O. (Ed.). Papers International Symposium Pinus brutia Marmaris, Ankara, 1993. p. 11-18.

[14] FRANKIS, M. Pinus brutia Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, London, v. 16, n. 3, p. 173-184, 1999.

[15] GADOW, K. et al. Modelización del crecimiento y la evolución de bosques. IUFRO, Vienna, v. 12, p. 234-242, 2001.

[16] GARCÍA, O. The state space approach in growth modeling. Canadian Journal of Forest Research , Ottawa, v. 24, p. 1894-1903, 1994.

[17] GOELZ, J.; BURK, T. Development of a well-behaved site index equation: jack pine in North Central Ontario. Canadian Journal of Forest Research , Ottawa, v. 22, p. 776-784, 1992.

[18] GOELZ, J.; BURK, T. Measurement error causes bias in site index equations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research , Ottawa, v. 26, p. 1585-1593, 1996.

[19] HATZISTATHIS, A. et al. Growth and yield of Pinus brutia reforestations in relation with soil and physiographic factors. Greece, Scientific Annals of the Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, 1995. v. 38.

[20] HEGER, L. Effect of index age on the precision of site index. Canadian Journal of Forest Research , Ottawa, v. 3, n. 1, p. 1-6, 1973.

[21] HUANG, S. Development of compatible height and site index models for young and mature stands within an ecosystem-based management framework. In: AMARO, A.; TOMÉ, M. (Eds.). Empirical and process based models for forest tree and stand growth simulation. Oeiras: Salamandra. 1997. p. 591.

[22] LAIRD, R.; CADY, F. Combined analysis of yield data from fertilizer experiments. Agronomy Journal, Madison, v. 61, p. 829-834, 1969.

[23] LEVESQUE, R. SPSS programming and data management. A guide for SPSS and SAS users. 3rd edition. Chicago, USA: SPSS Inc., 2006. 388 p.

[24] MARQUARDT, D.; SNEE, R. Ridge regression in practice. The American Statistician, v. 29, n. 1, p. 3-20, 1975.

[25] MCCARTHY, P. The use of balanced half-sample replication in cross-validation studies. Journal of the American Statistical Association, v. 71, n. 355, p. 596-604, 1976.

[26] MONSERUD, R. Height growth and site index curves for inland Douglas-fir based on stem analysis data and forest habitat type. Forest Science , v. 30, n. 4, p. 943-965, 1984.

[27] NEWBERRY, J. A note on Carmean’s estimate of height from stem analysis data. Forest Science , v. 37, p. 368-369, 1991.

[28] PALAHÍ, M. et al. Modeling site quality and individual-tree growth in pure and mixed Pinus brutia stands in north-east Greece. Annals of Forest Science , v. 65, n. 5, p. 501-515, 2008.

[29] RICHARDS, F. A flexible growth function for empirical use. Journal of Experimental Botany, v. 10, p. 290-301, 1959.

[30] RÍO, M.; MONTERO, G. Modelo de simulación de claras en masas de Pinus sylvestris L. Madrid: Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, 2001. (Monografías INIA: Forestal n. 3).

[31] SKORDILIS, A.; THANOS C. Comparative ecophysiology of seed germination strategies in the seven pine species naturally growing in Greece. In: ELISS, R. et al. (Eds.). Basic and applied aspects in seed biology. Dordrecht: Klower Academic Press, 1997. p. 623-632.

[32] SOARES, P. et al. Evaluating a growth model for forest management using continuous forest inventory data. Forest Ecology and Management , v. 71, n. 3, p. 251-265, 1995.

[33] SPANOS, I. et al. Postfire, natural regeneration of Pinus brutia forests in Thasos island, Greece. Acta Oecologica, v. 21, n. 1, p. 13-20, 2000.

[34] STONE, M. Cross-validation choice and assessment of statistical predictions (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, v. 36, p.111-147, 1974.

Brasil

Brasil

SITE INDEX MODELS FOR CALABRIAN PINE (Pinus brutia Ten.) IN THASOS ISLAND, GREECE

MODELOS DE ÍNDICE DE SÍTIO PARA O PINHEIRO CALABRÊS (Pinus brutia Ten.) NA ILHA THASOS GRÉCIA

ABSTRACT

RESUMO

REFERENCES

Publication Dates