ESTOQUES DE CARBONO E NITROGÊNIO NAS FRAÇÕES DA MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA EM ARGISSOLO SOB EUCALIPTO E PASTAGEM

CARBON AND NITROGEN STOCKS IN ORGANIC MATTER FRACTIONS IN ALFISOL UNDER EUCALYPT AND PASTURE

RESUMO

O cultivo de florestas plantadas de eucalipto em áreas de pastagem tem propiciado alterações no estoque de C e N no solo, em especial pelas diferentes características de cada planta e manejo dos resíduos vegetais; o eucalipto pode localizar maior estoque de C e N originário de resíduos da parte aérea na camada superficial do solo, e aumentar a relação C/N dos resíduos vegetais em decomposição. Tais diferenças podem causar redução no estoque de C e N nas frações químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo, tanto nas frações mais lábeis, quanto nas mais recalcitrantes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os estoques de C orgânico total (COT) e N total (NT), estoque de C e N nas substâncias húmicas (ácidos fúlvicos, húmicos e húminas), fração leve (C-MOL e N-MOL) e biomassa microbiana (C-BM e N-BM) em amostras de solos coletadas nas camadas de 0-0,10, 0,10-0,20, 0,20-0,40, 0,40-0,60 e 0,60-1,00 m de profundidade, na linha (EL) e entrelinha (EEL) do solo sob cultivo de eucalipto na quarta rotação com seis anos de idade, e em área de pastagem cultivada com brachiaria (P). O estoque de carbono orgânico total e de carbono na fração leve do solo nas primeiras camadas do solo (até 0,60 m) foi superior na entrelinha do eucalipto em comparação àquele cultivado com pastagem e na linha de cultivo do eucalipto, possivelmente favorecido pela incorporação de resíduos da colheita do ciclo anterior de eucalipto na atual entrelinha. Por meio da determinação da abundância natural de 13C na camada de 0-0,20m de solo verificou-se que 29 e 37% do carbono presente na matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) após 28 anos de cultivo derivaram do eucalipto (planta C ), respectivamente, na linha e entrelinha, o que correspondeu à taxa de ciclagem média da MOS nesse solo de 1,04% (linha) e 1,32% (entrelinha) ao ano. No solo da entrelinha, observou-se que o C-C proveniente do eucalipto incrementou o estoque de C orgânico do solo, mesmo com a substituição do C-C proveniente da pastagem, após 28 anos de cultivo do eucalipto. Para o nitrogênio nas substâncias húmicas, verificou-se estoques semelhantes entre o solo da entrelinha do eucalipto e o de pastagem, e superior ao do solo da linha do eucalipto, até 1 m de profundidade. O solo de eucalipto (EL e EEL) teve estoques de C e N na biomassa microbiana semelhante àquele cultivado com pastagem

Palavras-chave:
substâncias húmicas; abundância natural de 13C; fração leve; biomassa microbiana

ABSTRACT

The cultivation of eucalypt in areas of pasture has resulted in changes of C and N storage in soil, mainly due to the different characteristics of each plant and their biomass management; the largest stock of C and N can be found under eucalypt, originating from the biomass at the soil surface layer and increasing the C/N in decomposition of plant residues. These differences may cause a decrease in the storage of C and N fractions in the chemical, physical and biological soil, both in the more labile, and the more recalcitrant fractions. This study aimed to evaluate the stocks of total organic carbon (TOC) and total N (TN), the stock of C and N in humic substances (fulvic acids, humic and humin), the light fraction (C-MOL and N-MOL) and the microbial biomass (C-BM and N-BM) in samples of collected from the layers 0-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.40, 0.40-0.60 and 0.60-1.00 m in depth, line (EL) and interline (EEL) from the soil under eucalypt in the fourth rotation with six years of age, and from an area of cultivated pasture with Brachiaria (P). The total organic carbon stock and carbon in the light fraction in the first layers of soil (0.60 m) was higher in the interline of eucalypt compared with that from the cultivated pasture and the line of eucalypt, probably favored by harvest residue from the previous cycle of eucalypt buried in the current interline. By determining the natural abundance of 13C in the 0-0.20m soil, it was found that 29% and 37% of carbon present in the soil organic matter (SOM) after 28 years of cultivation in the line and interline, respectively, was derived from eucalypt (C plants), which corresponded to an average rate of cycling of SOM in this soil of 1.04% (line) and 1.32% (interline) per year. In the soil interline it was observed that the C-C from the eucalypt increased the stock of soil organic C, even with the replacement of C-C from the pasture, after 28 years of eucalypt cultivation. For nitrogen in humic substances, a similar stock was obtained for the soil of the interline of eucalypt and that of the pasture, which was higher than that of the soil line of eucalypt, up to 1 m deep. The soil of eucalypt (EL and EEL) showed a stock of C and N in microbial biomass similar to that of cultivated pasture

Keywords:
humid substances; natural abundance of 13C; light fraction; microbial biomass

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Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  Apr-Jun 2011