DISTRIBUIÇÃO E CRESCIMENTO DE Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. E Hevea spruceana (Benth.) Müll. Arg. EM UMA FLORESTA INUNDÁVEL EM MANAUS, AMAZONAS

Marinho, Tatiana Andreza da Silva; Lopes, Aline; Assis, Rafael Leandro de; Ramos, Santiago Linorio Ferreyra; Gomes, Liene Rocha Picanço; Wittmann, Florian; Schöngart, Jochen

doi:10.5902/198050988456

RESUMO

Este estudo descreve a distribuição e determina a taxa anual de crescimento e a idade das árvores de Garcinia brasiliensis e de Hevea spruceana em uma floresta inundável na região de Manaus. Oito parcelas contíguas de 25 x 25 metros foram instaladas, onde todos os indivíduos das duas espécies com altura ≥ 1,0 m foram mapeados. O diâmetro, a altura das árvores e os níveis de inundação foram registrados para todos os indivíduos. A radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) foi medida em indivíduos da regeneração (≤ 10 cm diâmetro a altura do peito -dap). Foram calculadas a área basal e o volume para cada indivíduo, e determinados o padrão de crescimento e a idade das árvores utilizando métodos dendrocronológicos. Um total de 105 indivíduos foi amostrado, a maioria na classe de regeneração. Hevea spruceana apresentou o maior número de indivíduos (n=80), as maiores taxas de crescimento em dap e em altura. Garcinia brasiliensis (n=25) apresentou idade, dap e altura maiores do que Hevea spruceana. Ambas as espécies foram sujeitas a diferentes níveis de inundação e de radiação. A estrutura populacional e a distribuição dos indivíduos dessas espécies mostram ser, aparentemente, influenciadas pelas variações na topografia local em pequena escala. Os diferentes requerimentos por radiação destas espécies sugerem ocupação de diferentes nichos ecológicos.

Palavras-chave:
florestas inundáveis; incremento radial; radiação fotossinteticamente ativa

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the distribution and growth of two tree species in a seasonal mixed-water inundation forest near the city of Manaus, and determined the annual growth rates and ages of trees. The aboveground wood biomass was estimated for each population. Eight plots of 25 x 25 m were established, where all individuals of the species Garcinia brasiliensis and Hevea spruceana with heights ≥ 1.0 m were inventoried and mapped. The levels of inundation were measured on all individuals, while the relative photosynthetically active radiation (rPAR) was measured in individuals < 10 cm diameter at breast height (dbh). For each individual, the basal area was determined, and the tree volume estimated. Tree ages and the radial increment rate were determined by using dendrochronological methods. In total, 105 individuals were recorded. In both populations, most individuals presented dbh smaller than 10 cm. Hevea spruceana presented more individuals (n = 80), and higher rates of radial increment, while Garcinia brasiliensis (n = 25) presented higher mean age. The duration and height of inundation and the levels of rPAR were different for each population. It was detected significant correlations between dbh and tree heights, and between dbh and tree age. The micro-topographical variations appear to exert effects on the structure population and on the distribution of the studied species. Despite the low rPAR values and variations recorded within the study site, the different light requirements in each species suggest different ecological niches.

Keywords:
flooded forest; radial increment; photosynthetically active radiation

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REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

AMARAL, I. L.; ADIS, J.; PRANCE, G. T. On the vegetation of a seasonal mixed water inundation forest near Manaus, Brazilian, Amazonia. Amazoniana, Kiel, v. 14, n. 3/4, p. 335-347, 1997.
AYRES, J. M. As matas de várzea do Mamirauá. CNPQ - Sociedade Civil Mamirauá. Estudos de Mamirauá, Brasília, 1993, 123 p. v.1
BUDOWSKI, G. Studies on forest succession in Costa Rica and Panama1961. 189p. P.h.D. Dissertation, Yale University, New Haven, 1961.
CATTANIO, J. H., ANDERSON, A. B.; CARVALHO, M. S. Floristic composition and topographic variation in a tidal floodplain forest in the Amazon estuary. Revista Brasileira de Botânica, v. 25, n. 4, p. 419-430, 2002.
CHAVE, J. et al. Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests. Oecologia, v. 145, p. 87-99, 2005.
DAMASCENO-JUNIOR, G. A. et al. Structure, distribution of species and inundation in a riparian forest of Rio Paraguai, Pantanal, Brazil. Flora, v. 200, p. 119-135, 2005.
EBDON, D. Statistics in Geography. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1998. 232 p.
FONSECA-JUNIOR, S. F.; PIEDADE, M. T. F.; SCHÖNGART, J. Wood growth of Tabebuia barbata (E. Mey.) Sandwith (Bignoniaceae) and Vatairea guianensis Aubl. (Fabaceae) in Central Amazonian black-water (igapó) and white-water (várzea) floodplain forests. Trees, v. 23, p. 127-134, 2009.
FONSECA-KRUEL, V. S.; PEIXOTO, A. L. Etnobotânica na Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasílica, v. 18, n. 1, p. 177-190, 2004.
JONES, R. H. et al. Woody plant regeneration in four floodplain forests. Ecological Monographsv. 64, p. 345-367, 1994.
JUNK, W. J. Ecology of the várzea floodplain of Amazonian white water rivers. In: SIOLI, H. The Amazon: Limnology and landscape ecology of a mighty tropical river and its basin. Dordrecht: Dr. W.J. Junk Publishers, 1984. p. 216-243.
JUNK, W. J.; BAYLEY, P. B.; SPARKS, R. The flood pulse concept in River-Floodplain Systems. In: DODGE, D. P. Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1989, p. 110-127.
PAROLIN, P. de. S. et al. Central Amazonian Floodplain Forests: Tree Adaptations in a Pulsing System. The Botanical Review, v. 70, n. 3, p. 357- 380, 2004.
PIRES, J. M.; PRANCE, G. T. The vegetation types of the Brazilian Amazon. In: PRANCE, G. T.; LOVEJOY, T. E. Amazon: key environments. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985, p. 109-145.
PRANCE, G. T. Notes on the vegetation of Amazonia III. The terminology of Amazon forest types subject to inundation. Brittonia, v. 31, n. 1, p. 26-38, 1979.
RODRIGUES, R. Diversidade florística, estrutura da comunidade arbórea e suas relações com variáveis ambientais ao longo do lago Amanã (RSA), Amazônia Central. 2007. 68f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Botânica) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, 2007.
ROSALES, J.; PETTS, G.; KNAB-VISPO, C. Ecological gradients within riparian forests of the lower Caura River, Venezuela. Plant Ecology, v. 152, p. 101-118, 2001.
SCHÖNGART, J. et al. Phenology and stem- growth periodicity of tree species in Amazonian floodplain forests. Journal of Tropical Ecology, v. 18, p. 581-597, 2002.
SCHÖNGART, J. et al. Teleconnection between tree growth in the Amazonian floodplains and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation effect. Global Change Biology, v.10, p. 683-692, 2004.
SCHÖNGART, J. et al. Wood growth patterns of Macrolobium acaciifolium (Benth.) Benth. (Fabaceae) in Amazonian black-water and white- water floodplain forests. Oecologia , v. 145, p. 454- 461, 2005.
SIOLI, H. AmazôniaFundamentos da ecologia da maior região de florestas tropicais. 3. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 1991. 72 p.
STADTLER, E. W. C. Estimativas de biomassa lenhosa, estoque e seqüestro de carbono acima do solo ao longo do gradiente de inundação em uma floresta de igapó alagada por água preta na Amazônia Central. 2007. 57f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Botânica) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, 2007.
SWAINE, M. D.; WHITMORE, T. C. On the definition of ecological species groups in tropical rain forests. Vegetatio, v. 75, p. 81-86, 1988.
WITTMANN, F. et al. Manual of tree species from Central Amazonian várzea floodplains. Manaus: Ed. INPA, 2010, p 298.
WITTMANN, F. et al. Tree species composition and diversity gradients in with-water forests across the Amazon Basin. Journal of Biogeography, v. 33, n. 8, p. 1334-1347, 2006b.
WITTMANN, F. et al. Wood specific gravity of trees in Amazonian white-water forests in relation to flooding. IAWA J., v. 27, n. 3, p. 255-266, 2006a.
WITTMANN, F.; JUNK, W. J. Sapling communities in Amazonian white-water forests. Journal of Biogeography , v. 30, n. 10, p. 1533-1544, 2003.
WORBES, M. Lebensbedingungen und Holzwachstum in zentralamazonischen Überschwemmungswäldern. Scripta geobotanica, v. 17, p.1-112, 1986.
WORBES, M. One hundred years of tree-ring research in the tropics - a brief history and an outlook to future challenges. Dendrochronologia, v. 20, p. 217-231, 2002.
WORBES, M. The Forest Ecosystem of the Floodplain. In: JUNK, W. J. The Central- Amazonian Floodplain: Ecology of a Pulsing System. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 1997. p. 223-266. (Ecological Studies. v. 126).

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Jan-Mar 2013

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons

[1] AMARAL, I. L.; ADIS, J.; PRANCE, G. T. On the vegetation of a seasonal mixed water inundation forest near Manaus, Brazilian, Amazonia. Amazoniana, Kiel, v. 14, n. 3/4, p. 335-347, 1997.

[2] AYRES, J. M. As matas de várzea do Mamirauá. CNPQ - Sociedade Civil Mamirauá. Estudos de Mamirauá, Brasília, 1993, 123 p. v.1

[3] BUDOWSKI, G. Studies on forest succession in Costa Rica and Panama1961. 189p. P.h.D. Dissertation, Yale University, New Haven, 1961.

[4] CATTANIO, J. H., ANDERSON, A. B.; CARVALHO, M. S. Floristic composition and topographic variation in a tidal floodplain forest in the Amazon estuary. Revista Brasileira de Botânica, v. 25, n. 4, p. 419-430, 2002.

[5] CHAVE, J. et al. Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests. Oecologia, v. 145, p. 87-99, 2005.

[6] DAMASCENO-JUNIOR, G. A. et al. Structure, distribution of species and inundation in a riparian forest of Rio Paraguai, Pantanal, Brazil. Flora, v. 200, p. 119-135, 2005.

[7] EBDON, D. Statistics in Geography. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1998. 232 p.

[8] FONSECA-JUNIOR, S. F.; PIEDADE, M. T. F.; SCHÖNGART, J. Wood growth of Tabebuia barbata (E. Mey.) Sandwith (Bignoniaceae) and Vatairea guianensis Aubl. (Fabaceae) in Central Amazonian black-water (igapó) and white-water (várzea) floodplain forests. Trees, v. 23, p. 127-134, 2009.

[9] FONSECA-KRUEL, V. S.; PEIXOTO, A. L. Etnobotânica na Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasílica, v. 18, n. 1, p. 177-190, 2004.

[10] JONES, R. H. et al. Woody plant regeneration in four floodplain forests. Ecological Monographsv. 64, p. 345-367, 1994.

[11] JUNK, W. J. Ecology of the várzea floodplain of Amazonian white water rivers. In: SIOLI, H. The Amazon: Limnology and landscape ecology of a mighty tropical river and its basin. Dordrecht: Dr. W.J. Junk Publishers, 1984. p. 216-243.

[12] JUNK, W. J.; BAYLEY, P. B.; SPARKS, R. The flood pulse concept in River-Floodplain Systems. In: DODGE, D. P. Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1989, p. 110-127.

[13] PAROLIN, P. de. S. et al. Central Amazonian Floodplain Forests: Tree Adaptations in a Pulsing System. The Botanical Review, v. 70, n. 3, p. 357- 380, 2004.

[14] PIRES, J. M.; PRANCE, G. T. The vegetation types of the Brazilian Amazon. In: PRANCE, G. T.; LOVEJOY, T. E. Amazon: key environments. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985, p. 109-145.

[15] PRANCE, G. T. Notes on the vegetation of Amazonia III. The terminology of Amazon forest types subject to inundation. Brittonia, v. 31, n. 1, p. 26-38, 1979.

[16] RODRIGUES, R. Diversidade florística, estrutura da comunidade arbórea e suas relações com variáveis ambientais ao longo do lago Amanã (RSA), Amazônia Central. 2007. 68f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Botânica) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, 2007.

[17] ROSALES, J.; PETTS, G.; KNAB-VISPO, C. Ecological gradients within riparian forests of the lower Caura River, Venezuela. Plant Ecology, v. 152, p. 101-118, 2001.

[18] SCHÖNGART, J. et al. Phenology and stem- growth periodicity of tree species in Amazonian floodplain forests. Journal of Tropical Ecology, v. 18, p. 581-597, 2002.

[19] SCHÖNGART, J. et al. Teleconnection between tree growth in the Amazonian floodplains and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation effect. Global Change Biology, v.10, p. 683-692, 2004.

[20] SCHÖNGART, J. et al. Wood growth patterns of Macrolobium acaciifolium (Benth.) Benth. (Fabaceae) in Amazonian black-water and white- water floodplain forests. Oecologia , v. 145, p. 454- 461, 2005.

[21] SIOLI, H. AmazôniaFundamentos da ecologia da maior região de florestas tropicais. 3. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 1991. 72 p.

[22] STADTLER, E. W. C. Estimativas de biomassa lenhosa, estoque e seqüestro de carbono acima do solo ao longo do gradiente de inundação em uma floresta de igapó alagada por água preta na Amazônia Central. 2007. 57f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Botânica) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, 2007.

[23] SWAINE, M. D.; WHITMORE, T. C. On the definition of ecological species groups in tropical rain forests. Vegetatio, v. 75, p. 81-86, 1988.

[24] WITTMANN, F. et al. Manual of tree species from Central Amazonian várzea floodplains. Manaus: Ed. INPA, 2010, p 298.

[25] WITTMANN, F. et al. Tree species composition and diversity gradients in with-water forests across the Amazon Basin. Journal of Biogeography, v. 33, n. 8, p. 1334-1347, 2006b.

[26] WITTMANN, F. et al. Wood specific gravity of trees in Amazonian white-water forests in relation to flooding. IAWA J., v. 27, n. 3, p. 255-266, 2006a.

[27] WITTMANN, F.; JUNK, W. J. Sapling communities in Amazonian white-water forests. Journal of Biogeography , v. 30, n. 10, p. 1533-1544, 2003.

[28] WORBES, M. Lebensbedingungen und Holzwachstum in zentralamazonischen Überschwemmungswäldern. Scripta geobotanica, v. 17, p.1-112, 1986.

[29] WORBES, M. One hundred years of tree-ring research in the tropics - a brief history and an outlook to future challenges. Dendrochronologia, v. 20, p. 217-231, 2002.

[30] WORBES, M. The Forest Ecosystem of the Floodplain. In: JUNK, W. J. The Central- Amazonian Floodplain: Ecology of a Pulsing System. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 1997. p. 223-266. (Ecological Studies. v. 126).

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