DIVERSITY, STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS AND NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS IN THE FOREST RESERVE OF BONEPOUPA (DOUALA, CAMEROON)

Kamdem, Jean Paul; Priso, Jules Richard; Ndongo, Din

doi:10.5902/1980509812363

ABSTRACT

In order to come up with a sustainable use of forest ecosystems in Cameroon, its vegetal diversity has been inventoried; the plant potentials and the structural parameters were studied in the forest reserve of Bonepoupa. Ten non-continuous plots of 200 m² were done and the materialization of the lines was done with a topofil put at the centre of the field with ropes at 5 m each of the topofil. In addition, ninety people were interviewed in order to know the potential use of species in this region. Up to 172 individuals with Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm divided into 27 species, 25 genera and 18 families were inventoried and the coefficient of abundance-dominance was determined. The diversity index of Shannon (H') was H'₁= 4.17 ± 0.45 with H'₁max = 4.75 and the evenness was R₁= 0.88. Taking into account herbaceous species, H' determined by the coefficient of abundance-dominance was H'₂= 4.74 ± 0.56 with H'₂max = 5.70 and the evenness was R₂= 0.83. The total basal area was 19.69 m²/ha and the density was 860 individuals/ha. These results indicate that herbaceous significantly modifies the value of the diversity index and that forest reserve of Bonepoupa is experiencing a problem of conservation which is due to a lack of its appropriate management. The knowledge of non-timber forest products and their use as food as well as medicinal resources by local population might be helpful for the sustainable management of resources in this forest reserve.

Keywords:
forest reserve; structural parameters; vegetal diversity; non-timber forest products

RESUMO

A fim de chegar a uma utilização sustentável dos ecossistemas florestais na República dos Camarões, a diversidade vegetal tem sido amostrada com intuito de ressaltar o potencial das plantas; e os parâmetros estruturais que foram estudados na reserva florestal de Bonepoupa. O levantamento foi realizado pelo método de amostragem aleatória, onde foram plotadas dez parcelas de 200 m2, distanciadas por uma linha feita com um "topofil" colocado no centro do campo com cordas de 5 m cada uma. Além disso, noventa pessoas foram entrevistadas com o objetivo de conhecer o potencial de uso das espécies nessa região. No total foram amostrados 172 indivíduos com diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) ≥ 5 cm, distribuídos em 27 espécies, 25 gêneros e 18 famílias. Determinou-se o coeficiente de abundância-dominância. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') foi H'₁ = 4,17 ± 0,45 com H'₁max = 4,75 e a equabilidade foi R₁= 0.88. Levando em consideração as espécies herbáceas, o H' determinado pelo coeficiente de abundância-dominância foi H'₂= 4,74 ± 0,56 com H'₂max = 5,70 e a equabilidade foi R₁= 0,83. A área basal total foi 19,69 m²/ha e a densidade foi 860 indivíduos/ha. Analisando-se os resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que as herbáceas modificaram significativamente o valor do índice de diversidade e também que a reserva florestal de Bonepoupa está passando por um problema de conservação por falta de gestão adequada. O conhecimento dos produtos florestais não madeireiros, bem como seus usos alimentares e medicinais pela população local, poderia ser útil para a gestão sustentável dos recursos nesta reserva florestal.

Palavras-chave:
reserva florestal; parâmetros estruturais; diversidade vegetal; produtos florestais não madeireiros

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REFERENCES

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GUEDJE, N. M.; FANKAP, R. Utilisations traditionnelles de Garcinia lucida et Garcinia kola (Clusiaceae) au Cameroun. Systematics and Geography of Plants, Belgique, v. 71, n. 2, p. 747-758. 2001.
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LETOUZEY, R. Etude phytogéographique du Cameroun. Paris, 1968.
LETOUZEY, R. Carte phytogéographique du Cameroun au 1: 500 000. IRA-ICIV, Toulouse, 1985.
LOBRY, J. et al. La biodiversité spécifique des ressources démersales du plateau continental Guinéen : utilisation d´indices classiques pour un diagnostic sur l´écosystéme. Aquatic Living Resources, France, v. 16, n. 2, p. 59-68, mar. 2003.
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NOUBISSIE, E. et al. Analyse des aspects socio-economiques des produits forestiers non-ligneux (PFNL) en Afrique Centrale. Ministère Fédéral d'Allemagne pour l'Alimentation, l'Agriculture et la Protection des Consommateurs: Yaoundé. May. 2008. 58p. [Rapport: FAO/GCP/RAF/398/GER: Renforcement de la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique Centrale á travers la gestion et l´utilisation durable des produits forestiers non ligneux].
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SHANNON, C. E. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, California, v. 27, p. 379-423, July/Oct. 1948.
SSEGAWA, P.; NKUUTU, D. Diversity of vascular plants on Ssese islands in Lake Victoria, central Uganda. African Journal of Ecology, England, v. 44, n. 1, p. 22-29, Mar. 2006.
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Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Oct-Dec 2013

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

[1] ADOU, C. Y. et al. Diversité floristique dans le Parc National de Taї. Tropenbos, Abidjan, Côte d´ivoire, 2005, p. 87-92.

[2] ATANGANA, N. Contribution à l'étude des plantes médicinales du Cameroun: cas des plantes utilisées dans le traitement des maladies oculaires et des plaies ouvertes dans la région de Yaoundé. 1998. Mémoire de Maîtrise - Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, 1998.

[3] BRAUN-BLANQUET, J. et al. Les groupements végétaux de la France méditerranéenne. Paris: CNRS, 1952. 297 p.

[4] BUSSON, F. Plantes alimentaires de l' Ouest africain : Etude Botanique, Biologique et ChimiqueMarseille, France, 1965. 539p.

[5] CARDINALE, B. J. et al. The functional role of producer diversity in ecosystems. American Journal of Botany, v. 98, n. 3, p. 572-592, mar. 2011.

[6] CHAZDON, R. L. Beyong deforestation: restoring forests and ecosystem services on degraded lands. Science, United States, v. 320, n. 5882, p. 1458-1460, Jun. 2008.

[7] CHAZDON, R. L. et al. Beyond reserves: a research agenda for conserving biodiversity in human-modified tropical landscapes. Biotropica, v. 41, n.2, p. 142-153, mar. 2009.

[8] DAJOZ, R. Précis d´écologie. 5. ed. Dunod : Paris, 1995. 550p.

[9] DAMASCENO-JUNIOR, G. A. et al. Structure, distribution of species and inundation in a riparian forest of Rio Paraguai, Pantanal, Brazil. Flora, Germany, v. 200, n. 2. p. 119-135, May./July 2005.

[10] DIBONG, S. D. et al. Diversité floristique et structure des forêts situés entre la plaine littorale et le plateau Sud-Camerounais. Science, Technology and Development, London, v. 10, n. 1, p. 7-15. 2003.

[11] DIN, N.; NGOLLO, D. E. Perspectives for Sustainable Management of Mangrove Ecosystems in Cameroon. European Tropical Forest Research Network, v. 36, p. 48-51, 2002.

[12] DIN, N. et al. Early growth stages and natural regeneration of Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn in the Wouri estuarine mangroves (Douala-Cameroon). Wetlands Ecology and Management, Netherlands, v. 10, n. 6, p. 461-472, Nov./Dec. 2002.

[13] DIN, N. et al. Logging activities in mangrove forests: A case study of Douala Cameroon. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, v. 2, n. 2, p. 022-030. Feb. 2008.

[14] DOUMEGNE, C. et al. Conservation de la biodiversité forestiére en Afrique Centrale atlantique II : Identification d´un reseau de sites critiques. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, v. 276, n. 2, p. 43-58. 2003.

[15] DUFFY, J. E. Why biodiversity is important to the functioning of real-world ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Washington, v. 7, n. 8, p. 437-444, Oct. 2009.

[16] FELFILI, J. M.; REZENDE, R. P. Conceitos e métodos em fitossociologia. Brasília: Departamento de Engenharia Florestal da Universidade de Brasília - UnB, 2003. 68p.

[17] FOMETE, N. T.; TCHANOU, Z. La gestion des écosystémes forestiérs du Cameroun á l´aube de l´an 2000. IUCN-CEFDHAC, Yaoundé, Cameroun, 1998. 258p.

[18] FRONTIER, S.; PICHOD-VIALE, D. Ecosystémes: structure, fonctionnement, évolution. 2ème ed. Dunod : Paris , 1998. 447 p.

[19] GUARIGUATA, M. R.; BALVANERA, P. Tropical forest service flows: improving our understanding of the biophysical dimension of ecosystem services. Forest Ecology and Management, Netherlands, v. 258, p. 1825-1829, July 2009.

[20] GUEDJE, N. M.; FANKAP, R. Utilisations traditionnelles de Garcinia lucida et Garcinia kola (Clusiaceae) au Cameroun. Systematics and Geography of Plants, Belgique, v. 71, n. 2, p. 747-758. 2001.

[21] IIDD-Institute Internationale du Developpement Durable. Résumé de la conference internationale "Biodiversité: Science et gouvernance", France, 24-28 Janv. 2005.

[22] IRM-Innovative Resources Management. Inventaires multi-ressources préliminaires dans la zone á gestion communautaire de Bobangi, Landscape 7, Province de l´équateur. Kinshasa : Rapport du volet Ethnobotanique, 2006. 55p.

[23] JIOFACK, T. et al. Ethnobotany and phytopharmacopoea of the South-West ethnoecological region of Cameroon. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, Nigeria, v. 2, n. 8, p. 197-206, Aug. 2008.

[24] LETOUZEY, R. Etude phytogéographique du Cameroun. Paris, 1968.

[25] LETOUZEY, R. Carte phytogéographique du Cameroun au 1: 500 000. IRA-ICIV, Toulouse, 1985.

[26] LOBRY, J. et al. La biodiversité spécifique des ressources démersales du plateau continental Guinéen : utilisation d´indices classiques pour un diagnostic sur l´écosystéme. Aquatic Living Resources, France, v. 16, n. 2, p. 59-68, mar. 2003.

[27] MASSENS, D. Y. B. Etude phytosociologique de la region de Kikwit (Bandudu, Rép. Dém. Du Congo). 1997. Thése de Doctorat- Université libre de Bruxelle, Bruxelle, 1997.

[28] MBITA, H. J. C. Contribution à l'étude des plantes médicinales du Cameroun: le cas des plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle pour le traitement des maladies Parasitaires. 1999. Thèse doctorat 3è cycle (Biologie Végétale)-Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, 1999.

[29] MINEPAT-Ministere de l´Economie, de la Planification et de l´Amenagement du Territoire. Schema directeur regional d´aménagement et de developpement durable du territoire (SDRADDT) de la province du littoral. Yaoundé, Cameroun, 2002. 22 p.

[30] NASCIMENTO, A. R. T.; RAMOS, P. H. X.; DALMASO, C. A. Estrutura e classificação de um remanescente de floresta ripária no município de Lages, SC. Ciência Florestal, Santa Maria, v. 21, n. 2, p. 209-218, abr./jun. 2011.

[31] NDUMBE, L. et al. Eru market chain baseline (Gnetum spp.) in the southwest and littoral regions, Cameroon. In the project : Mobilisation et renforcement des capacités des petites et moyennes entreprises impliquées dans les filiéres des produits forestiers non ligneux en Afrique Centrale. Yaoundé : FAO-CIFOR-SNV-World Agroforestry Center-COMIFAC, 2009. 131p.

[32] NGUEGUIM, J. R. et al. Diversité floristique sous canopée en plantation forestiére de Mangombe- Edea (Cameroun). Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment, Belgique, v. 14, n. 1, p. 167-176, mar./jun. 2010.

[33] NOUBISSIE, E. et al. Analyse des aspects socio-economiques des produits forestiers non-ligneux (PFNL) en Afrique Centrale. Ministère Fédéral d'Allemagne pour l'Alimentation, l'Agriculture et la Protection des Consommateurs: Yaoundé. May. 2008. 58p. [Rapport: FAO/GCP/RAF/398/GER: Renforcement de la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique Centrale á travers la gestion et l´utilisation durable des produits forestiers non ligneux].

[34] OZENDA, P. Les végétaux: Organisation et diversité biologique. 2éme. ed. Dunod: Paris, 2000. 516 p.

[35] PIELOU, E. C. The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collectionsJournal of Theoretical Biology, United States, v. 13, n. 1, p. 131-144, Dec. 1966.

[36] PRISO, R. et al. Biodiversité et paramètres de structure dans la réserve forestière du bois des singes et la zone forestière de Bangué (Douala, Cameroun). In: van der BURGT, X. et al. (eds) Systematic and conservation of African plants. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom, 2010. p. 265-272.

[37] PUIG, H. Diversité spécifique et déforestation: l'exemple des forêts tropicales humides du Mexique. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques , Montpellier, v. 2, n. 268, p. 41-55. 2001.

[38] REY BENAYAS, J. M. et al. Enhancement of bio- diversity and ecosystem services by ecological restoration: a meta-analysis. Science , United States, v. 325, n. 5944, p. 1121-1124, jul. 2009.

[39] RIERA, B.; ALEXANDRE, D. Y. Diversité biologique et forêts. 1ére. ed. Paris : RIAT et SILVA, 2004. 151p.

[40] SHANNON, C. E. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, California, v. 27, p. 379-423, July/Oct. 1948.

[41] SSEGAWA, P.; NKUUTU, D. Diversity of vascular plants on Ssese islands in Lake Victoria, central Uganda. African Journal of Ecology, England, v. 44, n. 1, p. 22-29, Mar. 2006.

[42] SUNDERLAND, T. C. H. et al. Vegetation assessment of Takamanda forest reserve, Cameroon. In: COMISKEY, J. A. et al. (eds). The biodiversity of African Rainforest, 2003. SI/MAB series #8, p.19-53.

[43] TCHATAT, M. Produits forestiers autres que le bois d´oeuvres (PFAB): place de l´aménagement durable des forêts denses humides d´Afrique Centrale. Cameroun: Cirad/Cifor/Carpe/Irad, 1999. 94p. [Série FORAFRI 1999 - Document 18].

[44] TCHATAT, M.; NDOYE, O. Etude des produits forestiers non ligneux d´Afrique Centrale : réalités et perspectives. Bois Forêts des Tropiques, Montpellier, v. 3, n. 288, p. 27-39. 2006.

[45] TONIATO, M. T. Z.; OLIVEIRA-FILHO, A. T. Variations in tree community composition and structure in a fragment of tropical semideciduous forest in southeastern Brazil related to different human disturbance histories. Forest Ecology and Management , Netherlands, v. 198, p. 319-339, Aug. 2004.

[46] WALA, K. et al. Typologie et structure des agroforestiers dans la préfecture de Doufelgou (Togo). Sécheresse, v. 16, n. 3, p. 209-216, Jul./ sept. 2005.

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