Phonological analysis of substitution errors of patients with apraxia of speech

Cera, Maysa Luchesi; Ortiz, Karin Zazo

doi:10.1590/S1980-57642010DN40100010

Abstract

The literature on apraxia of speech describes the types and characteristics of phonological errors in this disorder. In general, phonemes affected by errors are described, but the distinctive features involved have not yet been investigated. Objective: To analyze the features involved in substitution errors produced by Brazilian-Portuguese speakers with apraxia of speech. Methods: 20 adults with apraxia of speech were assessed. Phonological analysis of the distinctive features involved in substitution type errors was carried out using the protocol for the evaluation of verbal and non-verbal apraxia. Results: The most affected features were: voiced, continuant, high, anterior, coronal, posterior. Moreover, the mean of the substitutions of marked to markedness features was statistically greater than the markedness to marked features. Conclusions: This study contributes toward a better characterization of the phonological errors found in apraxia of speech, thereby helping to diagnose communication disorders and the selection criteria of phonemes for rehabilitation in these patients.

Key words:
articulation disorders; apraxias; diagnosis; rehabilitation of speech and language disorders

Resumo

A literatura sobre a apraxia de fala descreve os tipos e as características fonológicas dos erros neste distúrbio. Em geral, são descritos os fonemas acometidos pelos erros, porém os traços distintivos envolvidos ainda não foram estudados. Objetivo: Analisar os traços fonológicos envolvidos nas substituições cometidas por apráxicos falantes do português, falado no Brasil. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 20 adultos com apraxia de fala. Foi realizada análise fonológica dos traços distintivos envolvidos nos erros do tipo substituição cometidos na aplicação do protocolo de avaliação da apraxia verbal e não-verbal. Resultados: Os traços mais acometidos foram, respectivamente: sonoro, contínuo, alto, anterior, coronal, posterior. Além disso, as médias das substituiç

Texto completo dis ões do traço marcado para o não marcado foram estatisticamente maiores do que do traço não marcado para o marcado. Conclusões: Este estudo contribui para uma melhor caracterização dos erros fonológicos da apraxia de fala, auxilia no diagnóstico dos distúrbios da comunicação, bem como nos critérios de seleção dos fonemas para a reabilitação destes quadros.

Palavras-chave:
transtornos da articulação; apraxias; diagnóstico; reabilitação dos transtornos da fala e da linguagem

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References

¹
Darley FL. Nomenclature of expressive speech-language disorders. Paper presented to Academy of Aphasia meeting. Boston, Massachusetts; 1969 (September, 30).
²
Dogil G, Mayer J. Selective phonological impairment: a case of apraxia of speech. Phonology 1998;15:143-188.
³
Odell K, McNeil MR, Rosenbek JC, Hunter L. Perceptual characteristics of consonant production by apraxic speakers. J Speech Hear Disord 1990;55:345-359.
⁴
Cera ML, Ortiz KZ. Analysis of error type and frequency in apraxia of speech among portuguese speakers. Dementia & Neuropsychologia. Manuscript submitted in October 2009 (unpublished observation).
⁵
Johns D, Darley F. Phonemic variability of apraxia of speech. J Speech Hear Res 1970;13:556-583.
⁶
Darley FL, Aronson A, Brown JR. Motor Speech Disorders. Philadelphia, London, Toronto: Saunders; 1975.
⁷
Peach RK, Tonkovich JD. Phonemic characteristics of apraxia os speech resulting from subcortical hemorrhage. J Commun Disord 2004;37:77-90.
⁸
Canter GJ, Trost JE, Burns MS. Contrasting speech patterns in apraxia of speech and phonemic paraphasia. Brain Lang 1985;24:204-222.
⁹
Croot K. Diagnosis of AOS: definition and criteria. Semin Speech Lang. 2002;23:267-279.
¹⁰
Dronkers NF. A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation. Nature 1996;384(6605):159-161.
¹¹
Ogar J, Slama H, Dronkers N, Amici S, Gorno-Tempini ML. Clinical and anatomical correlates of apraxia of speech. Brain Lang 2006;97:343-350.
¹²
Ortiz KZ. Apraxia de Fala. In: Ortiz KZ(Editor). Distúrbios Neurológicos Adquiridos: Fala e Deglutição. 2ª ed. Barueri, São Paulo: Manole; 2010.
¹³
Luzzi S, Piccirilli M. Slowly progressive pure dysgraphia with late apraxia of speech: a further variant of the focal cerebral degeneration. Brain Lang 2003;87:355-360.
¹⁴
Van Putten SM, Walker JP. The production of emotional prosody in varying degrees of severity of apraxia of speech. J Commun Disord 2003;36:77-95.
¹⁵
Deal JL, Darley FL. The influence of linguistic and situational variables on phonemic accuracy in apraxia of speech. J Speech Hear Res 1972;15:639-653.
¹⁶
Romani C, Olson A, Semenza C, Granà A. Patterns of phonological errors as a function of a phonological versus an articulatory locus of impairment. Cortex 2002;38:541-567.
¹⁷
Gerstner E, Lazar RM, Keller C, Honig LS, Lazar GS, Marshal RS. A case of progressive apraxia of speech in pathologically verified Alzheimer disease. Cogn Behav Neurol 2007;20:15-20.
¹⁸
Josephs KA, Duffy JR. Apraxia of speech and nonfluent aphasia: a new clinical marker for corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. Curr Opin Neurol 2008;21: 688-692.
¹⁹
Cera ML, Ortiz KZ. Análise fonológica dos erros da apraxia adquirida de fala. Pró Fono. 2009;21:143-148.
²⁰
Martins FC, Ortiz KZ. Proposta de protocolo para avaliação da apraxia de fala. Fono Atual 2004;30:53-61.
²¹
Wolk L. Markedness analysis of consonant error productions in apraxia of speech. J Commun Disord 1986;19:133-160.
²²
Goodglass H, Kaplan EF. The Assessment of Aphasia and Related Disorders. 2ª ed. PA, USA, Lea & Febiger Philadelphi; 1983.
²³
Yavas M, Hernandorena CLM, Lamprecht RR. Avaliação Fonológica da criança: reeducação e terapia. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2001:63-89.
²⁴
Parente MA. Análise fonológica dos erros de permutação e comutação em afásicos. In: Paiva AF, Spinelli M, Vieira S. Distúrbios da comunicação: estudos interdisciplinares, São Paulo, Córtex; 1981.
²⁵
Wertzner HF, Pagan LO, Santos Galea DE dos, Papp ACS. Características fonológicas de crianças com transtorno fonológico com e sem histórico de otite média. Rev Soc Bras Fonoaudiol. 2007;12:41-47.
²⁶
Blumstein S. Some phonological implications of aphasic speech. In. Goodglass H, Bin S (Editors.). Psycholinguistic and aphasia. Baltimore: Johns Hapkins; 1973.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Jan-Mar 2010

History

Received
26 Oct 2009
Accepted
26 Jan 2010

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

[1] ¹
Darley FL. Nomenclature of expressive speech-language disorders. Paper presented to Academy of Aphasia meeting. Boston, Massachusetts; 1969 (September, 30).

[2] ²
Dogil G, Mayer J. Selective phonological impairment: a case of apraxia of speech. Phonology 1998;15:143-188.

[3] ³
Odell K, McNeil MR, Rosenbek JC, Hunter L. Perceptual characteristics of consonant production by apraxic speakers. J Speech Hear Disord 1990;55:345-359.

[4] ⁴
Cera ML, Ortiz KZ. Analysis of error type and frequency in apraxia of speech among portuguese speakers. Dementia & Neuropsychologia. Manuscript submitted in October 2009 (unpublished observation).

[5] ⁵
Johns D, Darley F. Phonemic variability of apraxia of speech. J Speech Hear Res 1970;13:556-583.

[6] ⁶
Darley FL, Aronson A, Brown JR. Motor Speech Disorders. Philadelphia, London, Toronto: Saunders; 1975.

[7] ⁷
Peach RK, Tonkovich JD. Phonemic characteristics of apraxia os speech resulting from subcortical hemorrhage. J Commun Disord 2004;37:77-90.

[8] ⁸
Canter GJ, Trost JE, Burns MS. Contrasting speech patterns in apraxia of speech and phonemic paraphasia. Brain Lang 1985;24:204-222.

[9] ⁹
Croot K. Diagnosis of AOS: definition and criteria. Semin Speech Lang. 2002;23:267-279.

[10] ¹⁰
Dronkers NF. A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation. Nature 1996;384(6605):159-161.

[11] ¹¹
Ogar J, Slama H, Dronkers N, Amici S, Gorno-Tempini ML. Clinical and anatomical correlates of apraxia of speech. Brain Lang 2006;97:343-350.

[12] ¹²
Ortiz KZ. Apraxia de Fala. In: Ortiz KZ(Editor). Distúrbios Neurológicos Adquiridos: Fala e Deglutição. 2ª ed. Barueri, São Paulo: Manole; 2010.

[13] ¹³
Luzzi S, Piccirilli M. Slowly progressive pure dysgraphia with late apraxia of speech: a further variant of the focal cerebral degeneration. Brain Lang 2003;87:355-360.

[14] ¹⁴
Van Putten SM, Walker JP. The production of emotional prosody in varying degrees of severity of apraxia of speech. J Commun Disord 2003;36:77-95.

[15] ¹⁵
Deal JL, Darley FL. The influence of linguistic and situational variables on phonemic accuracy in apraxia of speech. J Speech Hear Res 1972;15:639-653.

[16] ¹⁶
Romani C, Olson A, Semenza C, Granà A. Patterns of phonological errors as a function of a phonological versus an articulatory locus of impairment. Cortex 2002;38:541-567.

[17] ¹⁷
Gerstner E, Lazar RM, Keller C, Honig LS, Lazar GS, Marshal RS. A case of progressive apraxia of speech in pathologically verified Alzheimer disease. Cogn Behav Neurol 2007;20:15-20.

[18] ¹⁸
Josephs KA, Duffy JR. Apraxia of speech and nonfluent aphasia: a new clinical marker for corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. Curr Opin Neurol 2008;21: 688-692.

[19] ¹⁹
Cera ML, Ortiz KZ. Análise fonológica dos erros da apraxia adquirida de fala. Pró Fono. 2009;21:143-148.

[20] ²⁰
Martins FC, Ortiz KZ. Proposta de protocolo para avaliação da apraxia de fala. Fono Atual 2004;30:53-61.

[21] ²¹
Wolk L. Markedness analysis of consonant error productions in apraxia of speech. J Commun Disord 1986;19:133-160.

[22] ²²
Goodglass H, Kaplan EF. The Assessment of Aphasia and Related Disorders. 2ª ed. PA, USA, Lea & Febiger Philadelphi; 1983.

[23] ²³
Yavas M, Hernandorena CLM, Lamprecht RR. Avaliação Fonológica da criança: reeducação e terapia. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2001:63-89.

[24] ²⁴
Parente MA. Análise fonológica dos erros de permutação e comutação em afásicos. In: Paiva AF, Spinelli M, Vieira S. Distúrbios da comunicação: estudos interdisciplinares, São Paulo, Córtex; 1981.

[25] ²⁵
Wertzner HF, Pagan LO, Santos Galea DE dos, Papp ACS. Características fonológicas de crianças com transtorno fonológico com e sem histórico de otite média. Rev Soc Bras Fonoaudiol. 2007;12:41-47.

[26] ²⁶
Blumstein S. Some phonological implications of aphasic speech. In. Goodglass H, Bin S (Editors.). Psycholinguistic and aphasia. Baltimore: Johns Hapkins; 1973.

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