Análise de tipo e frequência de erro em apraxia de fala entre sujeitos que falam português

Cera, Maysa Luchesi; Minett, Thaís Soares Cianciarullo; Ortiz, Karin Zazo

doi:10.1590/S1980-57642010DN40200004

Abstract

Most studies characterizing errors in the speech of patients with apraxia involve English language.

Objectives:

To analyze the types and frequency of errors produced by patients with apraxia of speech whose mother tongue was Brazilian Portuguese.

Methods:

20 adults with apraxia of speech caused by stroke were assessed. The types of error committed by patients were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively, and frequencies compared.

Results:

We observed the presence of substitution, omission, trial-and-error, repetition, self-correction, anticipation, addition, reiteration and metathesis, in descending order of frequency, respectively. Omission type errors were one of the most commonly occurring whereas addition errors were infrequent. These findings differed to those reported in English speaking patients, probably owing to differences in the methodologies used for classifying error types; the inclusion of speakers with apraxia secondary to aphasia; and the difference in the structure of Portuguese language to English in terms of syllable onset complexity and effect on motor control.

Conclusions:

The frequency of omission and addition errors observed differed to the frequency reported for speakers of English.

Key words:
articulation disorders; apraxias; diagnosis; rehabilitation of speech and language disorders.

Resumo

Em geral, os estudos sobre os erros cometidos por falantes com apraxia de fala são internacionais.

Objetivos:

Analisar os tipos e as frequências dos erros presentes na fala de pacientes com apraxia de fala, falantes do português, falado no Brasil.

Métodos:

Participaram do estudo 20 adultos com apraxia de fala pós acidente vascular cerebral. Os tipos de erros cometidos pelos pacientes foram analisados quantitativa e qualitativamente e suas frequências foram comparadas .

Resultados:

Observamos a presença de substituição, omissão, ensaio articulatório, repetição, autocorreção, antecipação, adição, reiteração e metatese, respectivamente, de acordo com as maiores médias obtidas. O erro do tipo omissão foi um dos mais frequentes e o erro do tipo adição foi um dos menos frequentes. Estes resultados são diferentes de estudos com pacientes falantes do inglês e podem estar relacionados à diferença de metodologia para a classificação dos tipos de erros; à inclusão de pacientes com apraxia de fala associada à afasia; e à diferença de estrutura da língua Portuguesa em relação à Inglesa, que altera a complexidade da sílaba inicial e seu efeito no controle motor.

Conclusões:

A freqüência de ocorrência dos erros de omissão e adição diferiram de sujeitos falantes do inglês.

Palavras-chave:
transtornos da articulação; apraxias; diagnóstico; reabilitação dos transtornos da fala e da linguagem.

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Full text available only in PDF format.

References

¹
Darley FL. Nomenclature of expressive speech-language disorders. Paper presented to Academy of Aphasia meeting. Boston, Massachusetts, 1969.
²
Canter GJ, Trost JE, Burns MS. Contrasting speech patterns in apraxia of speech and phonemic paraphasia. Brain Lang 1985;24:204-222.
³
Cera ML, Ortiz KZ. Análise fonológica dos erros da apraxia adquirida de fala. Pro Fono 2009;21:143-148.
⁴
Darley FL, Aronson A, Brown JR. Motor Speech Disorders. Philadelphia, London, Toronto: Saunders; 1975.
⁵
Deal JL, Darley FL. The influence of linguistic and situational variables on phonemic accuracy in apraxia of speech. J Speech Hear Res 1972;15:639-653.
⁶
Dronkers NF. A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation. Nature 1996;384(6605):159-161.
⁷
Duffy J. Motor Speech Disorders. St. Louis: Mosby; 1995.
⁸
Johns D, Darley F. Phonemic variability of apraxia of speech. J Speech Hear Res 1970;13:556-583.
⁹
Josephs KA, Duffy JR. Apraxia of speech and nonfluent aphasia: a new clinical marker for corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. Curr Opin Neurol 2008; 21:688-692.
¹⁰
Josephs KA, Duffy JR, Strand EA et al. Clinicopathological and imaging correlates of progressive aphasia and apraxia of speech. Brain 2006;129:1385-1398.
¹¹
Kent RD, Rosenbek JC. Acoustic patterns of apraxia of speech. J Speech Hear Res 1983;26:231-249.
¹²
LaPointe LL, Johns DF. Some phonemic characteristics in apraxia of speech. J Commun Disord 1975;8(3):259-269.
¹³
Liss JM. Error-revision in the spontaneous speech of apraxic speakers. Brain Lang 1998;62:342-360.
¹⁴
Mcneil MR, Robin DA, Schmidt RA. Apraxia of speech: definition, differentiation, and treatment. In: Mcneil MR, ed. Clinical Management of Sensorimotor Speech Disorders. New York: Thieme; 1997:311-344.
¹⁵
Peach RK, Tonkovich JD. Phonemic characteristics of apraxia os speech resulting from subcortical hemorrhage. J Commun Disord 2004;37:77-90.
¹⁶
Wertz RT, Lapointe LL, Rosenbek JC. Apraxia of speech in adults: the disorder and its management. Orlando, FL: Grune and Stratton; 1984.
¹⁷
Wolk L. Markedness analysis of consonant error productions in apraxia of speech. J Commun Disord 1986;19:133-160.
¹⁸
Martins FC, Ortiz KZ. Proposta de protocolo para avaliação da apraxia de fala. Fono Atual 2004;30:53-61.
¹⁹
Goodglass H, Kaplan EF. The Assessment of Aphasia and Related Disorders. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Lea & Febiger; 1983.
²⁰
Gerstner E, Lazar RM, Keller C, Honig LS, Lazar GS, Marshal RS. A case of progressive apraxia of speech in pathologically verified Alzheimer disease. Cogn Behav Neurol 2007;20:15-20.
²¹
Odell K, McNeil MR, Rosenbek JC, Hunter L. Perceptual characteristics of consonant production by apraxic speakers. J Speech Hear Disord 1990;55:345-359.
²²
Robin DA, Jacks A, Hageman C, Clark HM, Woodworth G. Visuomotor tracking abilities of speakers with apraxia of speech. Brain Lang 2008;106:98-106.
²³
Guenther FH, Ghosh SS, Tourville JA. Neural modeling and imaging of the cortical interactions underlying syllable production. Brain Lang 2006;96:280-301.
²⁴
Kröger BJ, Kannampuzha J, Neuschaefer-Rube C. Towards a neurocomputational model of speech production and perception. Speech Commun 2009;51:793-809.
²⁵
Halpern H, Keith RL, Darley FL. Phonemic behavior of aphasic subjects without dysarthria or apraxia of speech. Cortex 1976;12:365-372.
²⁶
Nespoulous JL. et al. Production deficits in Broca's and conduction Aphasia: repetition versus reading. Motor and Sensory Processes of Language. Hillsdale. New Jersey, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1987:1-40.
²⁷
Romani C, Olson A, Semenza C, Granà A. Patterns of phonological errors as a function of a phonological versus an articulatory locus of impairment. Cortex 2002;38:541-567.
²⁸
Riecker A, Brendel B, Ziegler W, Erb M, Ackermann H. The influence of syllable onset complexity and syllable frequency on speech motor control. Brain and language. 2008; 107:102-113.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Apr-Jun 2010

History

Received
21 Oct 2009
Accepted
12 May 2010

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

[1] ¹
Darley FL. Nomenclature of expressive speech-language disorders. Paper presented to Academy of Aphasia meeting. Boston, Massachusetts, 1969.

[2] ²
Canter GJ, Trost JE, Burns MS. Contrasting speech patterns in apraxia of speech and phonemic paraphasia. Brain Lang 1985;24:204-222.

[3] ³
Cera ML, Ortiz KZ. Análise fonológica dos erros da apraxia adquirida de fala. Pro Fono 2009;21:143-148.

[4] ⁴
Darley FL, Aronson A, Brown JR. Motor Speech Disorders. Philadelphia, London, Toronto: Saunders; 1975.

[5] ⁵
Deal JL, Darley FL. The influence of linguistic and situational variables on phonemic accuracy in apraxia of speech. J Speech Hear Res 1972;15:639-653.

[6] ⁶
Dronkers NF. A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation. Nature 1996;384(6605):159-161.

[7] ⁷
Duffy J. Motor Speech Disorders. St. Louis: Mosby; 1995.

[8] ⁸
Johns D, Darley F. Phonemic variability of apraxia of speech. J Speech Hear Res 1970;13:556-583.

[9] ⁹
Josephs KA, Duffy JR. Apraxia of speech and nonfluent aphasia: a new clinical marker for corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. Curr Opin Neurol 2008; 21:688-692.

[10] ¹⁰
Josephs KA, Duffy JR, Strand EA et al. Clinicopathological and imaging correlates of progressive aphasia and apraxia of speech. Brain 2006;129:1385-1398.

[11] ¹¹
Kent RD, Rosenbek JC. Acoustic patterns of apraxia of speech. J Speech Hear Res 1983;26:231-249.

[12] ¹²
LaPointe LL, Johns DF. Some phonemic characteristics in apraxia of speech. J Commun Disord 1975;8(3):259-269.

[13] ¹³
Liss JM. Error-revision in the spontaneous speech of apraxic speakers. Brain Lang 1998;62:342-360.

[14] ¹⁴
Mcneil MR, Robin DA, Schmidt RA. Apraxia of speech: definition, differentiation, and treatment. In: Mcneil MR, ed. Clinical Management of Sensorimotor Speech Disorders. New York: Thieme; 1997:311-344.

[15] ¹⁵
Peach RK, Tonkovich JD. Phonemic characteristics of apraxia os speech resulting from subcortical hemorrhage. J Commun Disord 2004;37:77-90.

[16] ¹⁶
Wertz RT, Lapointe LL, Rosenbek JC. Apraxia of speech in adults: the disorder and its management. Orlando, FL: Grune and Stratton; 1984.

[17] ¹⁷
Wolk L. Markedness analysis of consonant error productions in apraxia of speech. J Commun Disord 1986;19:133-160.

[18] ¹⁸
Martins FC, Ortiz KZ. Proposta de protocolo para avaliação da apraxia de fala. Fono Atual 2004;30:53-61.

[19] ¹⁹
Goodglass H, Kaplan EF. The Assessment of Aphasia and Related Disorders. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Lea & Febiger; 1983.

[20] ²⁰
Gerstner E, Lazar RM, Keller C, Honig LS, Lazar GS, Marshal RS. A case of progressive apraxia of speech in pathologically verified Alzheimer disease. Cogn Behav Neurol 2007;20:15-20.

[21] ²¹
Odell K, McNeil MR, Rosenbek JC, Hunter L. Perceptual characteristics of consonant production by apraxic speakers. J Speech Hear Disord 1990;55:345-359.

[22] ²²
Robin DA, Jacks A, Hageman C, Clark HM, Woodworth G. Visuomotor tracking abilities of speakers with apraxia of speech. Brain Lang 2008;106:98-106.

[23] ²³
Guenther FH, Ghosh SS, Tourville JA. Neural modeling and imaging of the cortical interactions underlying syllable production. Brain Lang 2006;96:280-301.

[24] ²⁴
Kröger BJ, Kannampuzha J, Neuschaefer-Rube C. Towards a neurocomputational model of speech production and perception. Speech Commun 2009;51:793-809.

[25] ²⁵
Halpern H, Keith RL, Darley FL. Phonemic behavior of aphasic subjects without dysarthria or apraxia of speech. Cortex 1976;12:365-372.

[26] ²⁶
Nespoulous JL. et al. Production deficits in Broca's and conduction Aphasia: repetition versus reading. Motor and Sensory Processes of Language. Hillsdale. New Jersey, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1987:1-40.

[27] ²⁷
Romani C, Olson A, Semenza C, Granà A. Patterns of phonological errors as a function of a phonological versus an articulatory locus of impairment. Cortex 2002;38:541-567.

[28] ²⁸
Riecker A, Brendel B, Ziegler W, Erb M, Ackermann H. The influence of syllable onset complexity and syllable frequency on speech motor control. Brain and language. 2008; 107:102-113.

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