A systematic review of the neurobiological aspects of memory in the aging process

Oliveira, Eduardo Moreira de; Kissaki, Priscilla Tiemi; Ordonez, Tiago Nascimento; Lima-Silva, Thaís Bento

doi:10.1590/S1980-57642011DN05040009

Abstract

A systematic review of the neuroanatomical literature was performed to determine the neuropharmacological aspects most relevant to the study of memory processes. Articles were retrieved using the search terms "biology of memory", "memory and aging", "memory impairment", "elderly and memory," and their equivalents in Portuguese. Of the studies surveyed, five studies dealt with epidemiological and demographic issues, 12 were clinical trials i.e. were based on testing and implementation of instruments in human subjects, 33 studies were basic research involving studies of mice, rats and non-human primates, and biochemical and in vitro trials and finally, 52 studies were literature reviews or book chapters which in our view, fell into this category.

Conclusions:

The work sought to highlight which neural networks are most involved in processing information, as well as their location within brain regions and the way in which neurotransmitters interact with each other for the formation of these memories. Moreover, it was shown how memory changes during the normal human aging process, both positively and negatively, by analyzing the morphological alterations that occur in the brain of aging individuals.

Key words:
memory; neurobiology; neuropharmacology; aging.

Resumo

Buscou-se verificar na literatura os aspectos neuroanatômicos e neurofarmacológicos mais relevantes no estudo dos processos de memória, através de revisão sistemática. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado utilizando-se os termos "biology of memory", "memory and aging", "memory impairment", "elderly and memory", e seus correspondentes em português. Dos estudos levantados, cinco estudos tratavam sobre questões epidemiológicas e demográficas; 12 estudos eram de base clínica, ou seja, as pesquisas ocorreram com base em testes e aplicação de instrumentos em seres humanos; 33 estudos foram oriundos da pesquisa básica, envolvendo pesquisas com camundongos, ratos e primatas não humanos, e ensaios bioquímicos e in vitro; e, por fim, 52 estudos são revisões da literatura ou capítulos de livros que, a nosso ver, enquadram-se nesta categoria.

Conclusões:

Buscou-se dar destaque para quais redes neurais estão mais envolvidas no processamento das informações, bem como sua localização dentro das regiões cerebrais e a forma com a qual os neurotransmissores interagem entre si e atuam para a formação destas memórias. Ademais, mostrou-se como a memória se altera ao longo do processo de envelhecimento humano normal, negativa e positivamente, analisando as alterações morfológicas que ocorrem no cérebro do indivíduo que envelhece.

Palavras-chave:
memória; neurobiologia; neurofarmacologia; envelhecimento.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

References

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Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Oct-Dec 2011

History

Received
19 July 2011
Accepted
03 Oct 2011

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

[1] Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE. Uma análise das condições de vida da população brasileira. Rio de Janeiro. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/condicaodevida/indicadoresminimos/sinteseindicsociais2010/default.shtm , 2010. Acessado em: 17/07/2011.
» http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/condicaodevida/indicadoresminimos/sinteseindicsociais2010/default.shtm

[2] Organização das Nações Unidas - ONU. World population to increase by 2.6 billion over next 45 years, with all growth occurring in less developed regions. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2005/pop918.doc.htm 2005. Acessado em: 17/07/2011.
» http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2005/pop918.doc.htm

[3] Carvalho J, Garcia RA. O Envelhecimento da população brasileira: um enfoque demográfico. Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro 2003;19:725-733.

[4] Camarano AA, Kanso S, Mello JL. Como vive o idoso brasileiro? In: Camarano AA. (org). Os novos idosos brasileiros: muito além dos 60? Rio de Janeiro, Ipea, 2004:25-73.

[5] Yassuda MS. Memória e envelhecimento saudável. In: Freitas EV, Py L, Cançado FAX. Tratado de geriatria e gerontologia. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2002:914-919.

[6] Paulo DLV, Yassuda MS. Queixas de memória de idosos e sua relação com escolaridade, desempenho cognitivo e sintomas de depressão e ansiedade. Rev Psiq Clin 2010;37:23-26.

[7] Souza RR. Alterações anatômicas do sistema nervoso central associadas ao envelhecimento. In: Jacob WF, Carvalho ETF (eds.). Envelhecimentodo sistema nervoso e a dor no idoso. São Paulo, 1996, FMUSP, 56-60.

[8] Lima-Silva TB, Yassuda MS. A relação entre a queixa de memória e a idade no envelhecimento normal / The relationship between memory complaints and age in normal aging. Dement Neuropsychol 2009;3:94-100.

[9] Izquierdo I. Memória. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2002.

[10] Lent R. Neurociência da Mente e do Comportamento. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan ; 2008.

[11] Lent R. Cem bilhões de neurônios - Conceitos fundamentais de neurociência. 2ed., São Paulo SP, Editora Atheneu; 2010.

[12] Gazzaniga MS, Heatherton TF. Memória , Ciência Psicológica: Mente, Cérebro e Comportamento, Porto Alegre, RS: Artmed; 2002.

[13] Squire LR, Kandel ER. Memória . Da mente às moléculas. Artmed; 2003.

[14] Lent R. Neurociência da Mente e do Comportamento . Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan , 2009.

[15] Sala SD, Logie RH. Neuropsychological impairments of visual and spatial working memory. In: Baddeley AD, Kopelman MD, Wilson BA. The handbook of memory disorders. 2nd ed.. Chichester, W. Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2002:271-292.

[16] Cassini LF. Influência de novos aprendizados sobre o processo de reorganização da memória de medo condicionado [Trabalho de conclusão de curso]. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010.

[17] Akers KG, Frankland WP. Grading gradients: evaluating evidence for time-dependentmemory reorganizations in experimental animals. J Exp Neurosci 2009;13:22-29.

[18] Daumas S, Ceccon J, Halley H, Francés B, Lassalle JM. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2/3 supports the involvement of the hipocampal mossy fiber pathway on contextual fear memory consolidation. Learn Mem 2009; 16:504-507.

[19] Nakazawa K, McHugh TJ, Wilson MA, Tonegawa S. NMDA receptors, place cells and hippocampal spatial memory. Nat Rev Neurosci 2009;5:361-372.

[20] Rolls ET, Kesner RP. A computational theory of hippocampal function, and empirical tests of the theory. Prog Neurobiol 2006;79:1-48.

[21] Gimenes-Junior JA. Busca alimentar, memória espacial e ansiedade em ratos: possível participação do núcleo mamilar medial [Tese de mestrado]. São Paulo; 2008.

[22] Eslinger PJ. Functinal neuroanatomy of the limbic system. In: The handbook of pediatric neuropsychology. Org: Davis AS. New York: Springer Publishing Company; 2011.

[23] Mendonça LIZ. Bases biológicas do comportamento. Cad Bras Saúde Mental 2009;1:1-4.

[24] Espiridião-Antonio V, Majeski-Colombo M, Toledo-Monteverde D, Moraes-Martins G, Fernandes JJ, Assis MB, Siqueira-Batista R. Neurobiologia das emoções. Rev Psiquiatr Clin 2008;35:55-65.

[25] Vetulani J. Drug Addiction. Part II. Neurobiology of addiction. Pol J Pharmacol 2001;53:303-317.

[26] Lent R. Cem bilhões de neurônios: conceitos fundamentais de neurociências. São Paulo: Ed Atheneu; 2002.

[27] Gazzaniga MS, Heatherton TF. Ciência psicológica: mente, cérebro e comportamento. 2 ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed ; 2005.

[28] LaBar KS, Cabeza R. Cognitive neuroscience of emotional memory. Nat Rev Neurosc 2006;7:54-64.

[29] Buchanan TW. Retrieval of emotional memories. Psychol Bull 2007;133:761-779.

[30] LeDoux JE. Emotion circuits in the brain. Annu Rev Neurosci 2000;23:155-184.

[31] Maren S. Neurobiology of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Annu Rev Neurosci 2001;24:897-931.

[32] Maren S. Synaptic mechanisms of associative memory in the amygdala. Neuron 2005;47:783-786.

[33] Sigurdsson T, Doyère V, Cain CK, LeDoux JE. Long-term potentiation in the amygdala: a cellular mechanism of fear learning and memory. Neuropharmacology 2007; 52:215-227.

[34] Rattiner LM, Davis M, Ressler KJ. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in amygdala-dependent learning. Neuroscientist 2005; 11:323-333.

[35] Tsvetkov E, Carlezon WA, Benes FM, Kander ER, Bolshakov VY. Fear Conditioning Occludes LTP-Induced Presynaptic Enhancement of Synaptic Transmission in the Cortical Pathway to the Lateral Amygdala. Neuron 2002;34:289-300.

[36] Kandel ER. The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialogue between genes and synapses. Science 2001;294: 1030-1038.

[37] Pang PT, Lu B. Regulation of late-phase LTP and long-term memory in normal and aging hippocampus role of secreted proteins tPA and BDNF. Aging Res Rev 2004;3:407-430.

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