Evaluation of airborne particulate matter pollution in Kenitra City Morocco

Tahri, Mounia; Bounakhla, Moussa; Zghaïd, Mustapha; Noack, Yves; Benyaïch, Fouad; Benchrif, Abdelfettah

doi:10.4136/ambi-agua.1042

Abstracts

Two size fractions of atmospheric particulate matter < 2.5 µm and 2.5-10 µm were collected in Kenitra City from February 2007 to February 2008. The sampling was done using a Gent Stacked sampler on nuclepore polycarbonate filters and the collected filters were analyzed using Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The particulate matter trends show higher concentrations during the summer as compared to other seasons. The highest concentrations were obtained for Ca in coarse particles and Fe for fine particles. However, the lowest concentrations were observed for Cd in both particulate sizes. The principal component analysis (PCA) based on multivariate study enabled the identification of soil, road dust and traffic emissions as common sources for coarse and fine particles.

X-ray fluorescence; cluster analysis; principal component analysis

Duas frações de tamanhos <2,5 µm e 2,5-10 µm de material particulado atmosférico foram coletadas na cidade de Kenitra de fevereiro de 2007 a fevereiro de 2008. A amostragem foi feita utilizando-se um amostrador de Gent empilhados em filtros de policarbonato Nuclepore e os filtros foram analisados para os elementos de reflexão total usando fluorescência de raios X (TXRF) e Espectroscopia de Absorção Atômica (AAS). As partículas tiveram tendência de apresentar maior concentração durante a temporada de verão em comparação com outras estações. As maiores concentrações de partículas grossas foram de Ca e de partículas finas de Fe. No entanto, as concentrações mais baixas foram observadas para o Cd em ambas as fracções de tamanho. A análise de componentes principais (ACP) com base na análise multivariada permitiu a identificação de emissões do solo, de poeira de estrada, e do tráfego como fontes comuns de partículas grossas e finas.

Fluorescência de raios X; análise de agrupamento; componentes principais

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HOPKE, P. K.; XIE, Y.; RAUNEMAA, T.; BIEGALSKI, S.; LANDSBERGER, S.; MAENHAUT, W.; ARTAXO, P. et al. Characterization of the Gent Stacked Filter Unit PM10 Sampler. Aerosol Science and Technology, v. 27, p. 726-735, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786829708965507
HOPKE, P. K. Receptor modeling in environmental chemistry New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1985.
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MANOLI, E.; VOUTSA, D.; SAMARA, C. Chemical characterization and source identification/apportionment of fine and coarse air particles in Thessaloniki, Greece. Atmospheric Environment, v. 36, p. 949-961, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00486-1
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MOROCCO. Ministry of Territorial, Urban, Housing and Environment Planning and Ministry of Health. Casa-Airpol: study of air pollution and its impact on population health in Casablanca City, Campaigns of 1998-1999. Rabat, 2000.
MOROCCO. Ministry of Territorial, Urban, Housing and Environment Planning and Ministry of Health. Mohammedia-airpol: Study of air pollution and its impact on the health of asthmatic children in Mohammedia City, 2001-2002 campaigns. Rabat, 2002.
MOROCCO. Ministry of Territorial, Urban, Housing and Environment Planning and Ministry of Health. Report on the state of the environment of Morocco - REEM Rabat, 2001.
MOROCCO. Ministry of Territorial, Water and Environment Planning, Department of the Air and National Laboratory of Environment, Department of Surveillance and Prevention Risks - MATEE. Air pollution in Morocco, Situation in 2002 Rabat, 2003.
MICHAEL, F. W.; DANIEL, L. C. Air pollution and the respiratory tract. 2. ed. Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis, 2005.
RUZER, L. S.; HARLEY, N. H. Aerosols handbook: measurement dosimetry and health effects. [S.l.]: CRC Press, 2004.
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SAMARA, C.; VOUTSA, D. Size distribution of airborne particulate matter and associated heavy metals in the roadside environment. Chemosphere, v. 59, p. 1197-1206, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.061
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VERON, A.; CHURCH, T. M.; PATTERSON, C. C.; EREL, Y.; MERRILL, J. T. Continental Origin and Industrial Sources of Trace Metals in the Northwest Atlantic Troposphere. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, v. 14, p. 339-351, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00115243

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
08 Oct 2013
Date of issue
Apr 2013

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] BISWAS, S. K.; TARAFDAR, S. A.; ISLAM, A.; KHALIQUZZAMAN, M.; TERVAHATTU, H.; KUPIAINEN, K. Impact of unleaded gasoline introduction on the concentration of lead in the air of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association, v. 53, p. 1355-1362, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2003.10466299

[2] CHANG, S. H.; WANG, K. S.; CHANG, H. F.; NI, W. W.; WU, B. J.; WONG, R. H. et al. Comparison of source identification of metals in road-dust and soil. Soil Sediment Contamination, v. 18, p. 669 - 683, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15320380903085691

[3] CHUEINTA, W.; HOPKE, P. K.; PAATERO, P. Investigation of sources of atmospheric aerosol at urban and suburban residential areas in Thailand by positive matrix factorization. Atmospheric Environment, v. 34, p. 3319-3329, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00433-1

[4] COHEN, D. D; GORTON, D.; STELCER, E.; HAWAS, O. Accelerator based studies of atmospheric pollution processes. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, v. 71, p. 759-767, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.04.123

[5] HOPKE, P. K.; XIE, Y.; RAUNEMAA, T.; BIEGALSKI, S.; LANDSBERGER, S.; MAENHAUT, W.; ARTAXO, P. et al. Characterization of the Gent Stacked Filter Unit PM10 Sampler. Aerosol Science and Technology, v. 27, p. 726-735, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786829708965507

[6] HOPKE, P. K. Receptor modeling in environmental chemistry New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1985.

[7] JACOBSON, M. Z. Atmospheric pollution: history, science and regulation. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

[8] KIM OANH, N. T.; UPADHAYAY, N.; ZHUANG, Y. H.; HAO, Z. P.; MURTHY, D. V. S; LESTARI, P. et al. Particulate air pollution in six Asian cities: spatial and temporal distributions, and associated sources. Atmospheric Environment, v. 40, p. 3367-3380, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.050

[9] LADEN, F.; NEAS, L. M.; DOCKERY, D. W.; SCHWARTZ, J. Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six U.S. cities. Environment Health Persectives, v. 108, p. 941-947, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3435052

[10] LEE, B. K.; THI HIEU, N. Seasonal variation and sources of heavy metals in atmospheric aerosols in a residential area of Ulsan, Korea. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, v. 11, p. 679 - 688, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2010.10.0089

[11] LI, W.; BAI, Z.; LIU, A.; CHEN, J.; CHEN, L. Characteristics for major PM2.5 components during winter in Tianjin, China. Aerosol Air Quality Research, v. 9, p. 105-119, 2009.

[12] MANOLI, E.; VOUTSA, D.; SAMARA, C. Chemical characterization and source identification/apportionment of fine and coarse air particles in Thessaloniki, Greece. Atmospheric Environment, v. 36, p. 949-961, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00486-1

[13] MARCAZZAN, G. M.; CERIANI, M.; VALLI, G.; VECCHI, R. Source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 in Milan (Italy) using receptor models. Science Environment, v. 317, p. 137-147, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00368-1

[14] MOROCCO. Ministry of Territorial, Urban, Housing and Environment Planning and Ministry of Health. Casa-Airpol: study of air pollution and its impact on population health in Casablanca City, Campaigns of 1998-1999. Rabat, 2000.

[15] MOROCCO. Ministry of Territorial, Urban, Housing and Environment Planning and Ministry of Health. Mohammedia-airpol: Study of air pollution and its impact on the health of asthmatic children in Mohammedia City, 2001-2002 campaigns. Rabat, 2002.

[16] MOROCCO. Ministry of Territorial, Urban, Housing and Environment Planning and Ministry of Health. Report on the state of the environment of Morocco - REEM Rabat, 2001.

[17] MOROCCO. Ministry of Territorial, Water and Environment Planning, Department of the Air and National Laboratory of Environment, Department of Surveillance and Prevention Risks - MATEE. Air pollution in Morocco, Situation in 2002 Rabat, 2003.

[18] MICHAEL, F. W.; DANIEL, L. C. Air pollution and the respiratory tract. 2. ed. Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis, 2005.

[19] RUZER, L. S.; HARLEY, N. H. Aerosols handbook: measurement dosimetry and health effects. [S.l.]: CRC Press, 2004.

[20] SALVADOR, P.; ARTINANO, B.; DIANA, G. A.; XAVIER, Q.; ANDRES, A. Identification and Characterization of Sources of PM₁₀ in Madrid (Spain) by statistical methods. Atmospheric Environment, v. 38, p. 435-447, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.070

[21] SAMARA, C.; VOUTSA, D. Size distribution of airborne particulate matter and associated heavy metals in the roadside environment. Chemosphere, v. 59, p. 1197-1206, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.061

[22] SANTOSO, M.; HOPKE, P. K.; HIDAYAT, A.; DWIANA, D. Sources identification of atmospheric aerosol at urban and suburban sites in Indonesia by positive matrix factorization. Science of Total Environment, v. 397, 229-237, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.01.057

[23] VERON, A.; CHURCH, T. M.; PATTERSON, C. C.; EREL, Y.; MERRILL, J. T. Continental Origin and Industrial Sources of Trace Metals in the Northwest Atlantic Troposphere. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, v. 14, p. 339-351, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00115243

Brasil

Brasil

Evaluation of airborne particulate matter pollution in Kenitra City Morocco

Avaliação da poluição de material particulado de aviação em Kenitra, Marrocos

Abstracts

Publication Dates