Effects of temperature changes on load transfer in plain concrete pavement joints

Colim, G. M.; Balbo, J. T.; Khazanovich, L.

doi:10.1590/S1983-41952011000300005

Abstracts

A field investigation of load-induced deflections using a FWD device allowed evaluating the joint behavior of plain jointed concrete pavements regarding its load transfer efficiency (LTE) at joints. Such parameter, at non dowelled joints, present a large variation along day hours as well as along the seasons (winter and summer); while dowelled joints disclosed little variation for LTE with values ranging from 90 to 100%, non dowelled joints have reduced transfer efficiency between 50% (winter) to 60% (summer). Using FEM-based software it was allowed to estimate very similar values, matching the field data, confirming the requirements for considering LTE behavior at joints during structural analysis and design of concrete pavements.

joints; plain concrete pavements; load transfer

Medidas de deflexões com o falling weight deflectometer permitiram a avaliação do comportamento de juntas em pavimentos de concreto simples do ponto de vista de sua eficiência de transferência de cargas (LTE). As investigações mostraram importantes variações nesse parâmetro, quando não há dispositivos de transferência de cargas, entre horários de dias bem como entre estações climáticas distintas (inverno e verão); enquanto que juntas com barras de transferência apresentam, pouca variação nesse parâmetro e encontrando-se em geral entre 90 e 100% de capacidade de transferência, quando há quedas de temperatura, as juntas sem barras chegam a apresentar capacidade de transferência reduzida para 50% no inverno e para 60% no verão. Valores estimados de transferência de carga com um programa de elementos finitos permitiram confirmar a necessidade de tratamento teórico do problema em fases de análise estrutural e projetos de pavimentos de concreto com juntas.

juntas; pavimentos de concreto simples; transferência de carga

Effects of temperature changes on load transfer in plain concrete pavement joints

G. M. Colim^I; J. T. Balbo^II; L. Khazanovich^III

^IRua Bogotá, nº 148 – Setor Anhanguera, Araguaína – TO - CEP: 74.817-510

^IIEscola Politécnica da USP, Departamento de Engenharia de Transportes, jotbalbo@usp.br, Av. Prof. Almeida Prado 83, travessa 2, CEP 05516-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil

^IIIUniversity of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Department of Civil Engineering, 500 Pillsbury Drive S.E., Minneapolis, 55455-0116, USA

ABSTRACT

A field investigation of load-induced deflections using a FWD device allowed evaluating the joint behavior of plain jointed concrete pavements regarding its load transfer efficiency (LTE) at joints. Such parameter, at non dowelled joints, present a large variation along day hours as well as along the seasons (winter and summer); while dowelled joints disclosed little variation for LTE with values ranging from 90 to 100%, non dowelled joints have reduced transfer efficiency between 50% (winter) to 60% (summer). Using FEM-based software it was allowed to estimate very similar values, matching the field data, confirming the requirements for considering LTE behavior at joints during structural analysis and design of concrete pavements.

Keywords: joints; plain concrete pavements; load transfer

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REFERENCES

[01] SHAHIN, M. Y. Use of the falling weight deflectometer for the non-destructive deflection testing of jointed concrete airfield pavements. In: Proceedings, 3rd International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Rehabilitation, Purdue University, pp. 549–556, 1985.

[02] Pereira , D. S.; Balbo , J.T.; Khazanovich , L. Theoretical and field evaluation of interaction between ultra-thin whitetopping and existing asphalt pavement. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol.7, no. 4, pp. 251-260, 2006.

[03] American Concrete Pavement Association . Effect of pavement surface type on fuel consumption. Skokie, 1989.

[04] Prefeitura do Munic ípio de São Paulo . Dimensionamento de pavimentos de concreto. IP-07/2004, São Paulo, 2004.

[05] PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION. Thickness design for concrete hightway and street pavements. EB109P, Skokie, 1984.

[06] FRIBERG, B. F. Load and deflection characteristics of dowels in transverse joints of concrete pavements. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 105, pp. 140-161, 1938.

[07] KHAZANOVICH, L. Execução de juntas e transferência de cargas em pisos de concreto: controvérsias e fatos reais. Tradução: José Tadeu Balbo. Revista Concreto & Construções, Instituto Brasileiro do Concreto, no. 45, ISSN 1809-7197, pp.15-18, São Paulo. 2007.

[08] JACKSON, F.H.;ALLEN, H. (1948) Concrete pavements on the German autobahen. Journal of the American Concrete Institute, vol. 20, n. 4, pp. 933-976, Detroit.

[09] RODRIGUES, L. F.; PINHEIRO, L. M.; GUINAMÃES, G. N. Joints in plain concrete pavements: an experimental study of load transfer mechanisms. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Best Practices for Concrete Pavements (Cd-rom), Brazilian Concrete Institute, Recife, 2007.

[10] KHAZANOVICH, L.; GOTLIF, A. Evaluation Of joint and crack load transfer. Final Report, Federal Highway Administration, FHWA-RD-02-088, Washington, D.C., 2003.

[11] COLLEY, B. E.; HUMPHREY, H. A. Entrosagem de Agregados em Juntas de Pavimentação de Concreto de Cimento Portland. 2º Simpósio sobre Pesquisas Rodoviárias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 1966.

[12] VANDENBOSSCHE, J. M. Effects of slab temperature profiles on the use of falling weight deflectometer data to monitor joint performance and detect Voids. In: Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Compendium of papers (Cd-rom), Washington, D. C., 2007.

[13] FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION. Pavement rehabilitation manual. FHWA-ED-88-025, Washington, D.C., 1990.

[14] ZOLLINGER, D. G.; BARENBERG, E. J. A Mechanistic based design procedure for jointed concrete pavements. In: Proceedings, 4th International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Rehabilitation, Purdue University, pp. 75–97, 1989.

[15] BODOCSI, A.; MINKARAH, I. A.; ARUDI, R. S. Analysis of Horizontal Movements of Joints and Cracks in Portland Cement Concrete Pavements. In: Transportation Research Record nº 1392, pp. 43-52. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1993.

[16] GREER W.C..Evaluation of Strength Tests and Acceptance of Concrete Pavements. Proceedings: Fourth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Rehabilitation, Purdue University, 1989, pp. 375-383.

[17] NISHIZAWA, T.; SHIMENO, S; KOMATSUBARA, A.; KOYANAGAWA, M. Study on thermal stresses in continuously reinforced concrete pavement. In: Transportation Research Record nº 1629, TRB, pp. 99-107, Washington, D.C., 1989.

[18] Poblete , M., Valenzuela , R.; Salsilli R. Load transfer in undoweled transverse joints of PCC pavements. Transportation Research Record 1207, Washington, D. C, 1988.

[19] PITTMAN, D. W. Load transfer characteristics of roller-compacted concrete pavement joints and cracks. In: Transportation Research Record nº 1525, TRB, pp.01-09 Washington, D.C., 1996.

[20] Westergaard , H. M. Analysis of stresses in concrete pavements due to variations of temperature. In: Proceedings of the 6th Annual Meeting of the Highway Research Board, pp. 201-215, Washington, D.C., 1926.

[21] BALBO, J. T. Aplicação do método dos elementos finitos na avaliação estrutural de pavimentos rígidos rodoviários. Dissertação (Mestrado). Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo,1989.

[22] SPANGLER, M.G. Stresses in corner region of concrete pavements. Bulletin 157, Engineering Experiment Station, Iowa State College, Ames, 1942.

[23] ZOLLINGER, D. G. Curing and finishing concrete pavements. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Best Practices for Concrete Pavements. Brazilian Concrete Institute and International Society for Concrete Pavements, Recife, (Cd-rom), 2007.

[24] BALBO, J. T.; SEVERI, A. A. Thermal gradients in concrete pavements in tropical environment: an experimental appraisal. In: Transportation Research Record nº 1809, TRB, pp.12-22, Washington, D.C., 2002.

[25] HALL, K. T. Performance, Evaluation, and Rehabilitation of asphalt-overlaid concrete pavements. Ph.D. thesis. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1991.

[26] AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND OFFICIALS. Guide for design of pavement structures. Washington, D.C., 1993.

[27] KHAZANOVICH, L. Structural analysis of multi-layered concrete pavement systems. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. 1994.

[28] KHAZANOVICH, L.; YU, H.T.; RAO, S.; GALASOVA K.; SHATS E; JONES R. ISLAB2000 – Finite element analysis program for rigid and composite pavements. User’s Guide. Champaign, IL: ERES Consultants. 2000.

[29] RODOLFO, M. P. Análise de tensões em pavimentos de concreto com base cimentada e sujeitos a gradientes térmicos. Dissertação (Mestrado), Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2001

Received: 01 Mar 2010

Accepted: 01 Mar 2011

Available Online: 19 Aug 2011.

[01] SHAHIN, M. Y. Use of the falling weight deflectometer for the non-destructive deflection testing of jointed concrete airfield pavements. In: Proceedings, 3rd International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Rehabilitation, Purdue University, pp. 549–556, 1985.
[02] Pereira , D. S.; Balbo , J.T.; Khazanovich , L. Theoretical and field evaluation of interaction between ultra-thin whitetopping and existing asphalt pavement. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol.7, no. 4, pp. 251-260, 2006.
[03] American Concrete Pavement Association . Effect of pavement surface type on fuel consumption. Skokie, 1989.
[04] Prefeitura do Munic ípio de São Paulo . Dimensionamento de pavimentos de concreto. IP-07/2004, São Paulo, 2004.
[05] PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION. Thickness design for concrete hightway and street pavements. EB109P, Skokie, 1984.
[06] FRIBERG, B. F. Load and deflection characteristics of dowels in transverse joints of concrete pavements. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 105, pp. 140-161, 1938.
[07] KHAZANOVICH, L. Execução de juntas e transferência de cargas em pisos de concreto: controvérsias e fatos reais. Tradução: José Tadeu Balbo. Revista Concreto & Construções, Instituto Brasileiro do Concreto, no. 45, ISSN 1809-7197, pp.15-18, São Paulo. 2007.
[08] JACKSON, F.H.;ALLEN, H. (1948) Concrete pavements on the German autobahen. Journal of the American Concrete Institute, vol. 20, n. 4, pp. 933-976, Detroit.
[09] RODRIGUES, L. F.; PINHEIRO, L. M.; GUINAMÃES, G. N. Joints in plain concrete pavements: an experimental study of load transfer mechanisms. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Best Practices for Concrete Pavements (Cd-rom), Brazilian Concrete Institute, Recife, 2007.
[10] KHAZANOVICH, L.; GOTLIF, A. Evaluation Of joint and crack load transfer. Final Report, Federal Highway Administration, FHWA-RD-02-088, Washington, D.C., 2003.
[11] COLLEY, B. E.; HUMPHREY, H. A. Entrosagem de Agregados em Juntas de Pavimentação de Concreto de Cimento Portland. 2º Simpósio sobre Pesquisas Rodoviárias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 1966.
[12] VANDENBOSSCHE, J. M. Effects of slab temperature profiles on the use of falling weight deflectometer data to monitor joint performance and detect Voids. In: Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Compendium of papers (Cd-rom), Washington, D. C., 2007.
[13] FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION. Pavement rehabilitation manual. FHWA-ED-88-025, Washington, D.C., 1990.
[14] ZOLLINGER, D. G.; BARENBERG, E. J. A Mechanistic based design procedure for jointed concrete pavements. In: Proceedings, 4th International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Rehabilitation, Purdue University, pp. 75–97, 1989.
[15] BODOCSI, A.; MINKARAH, I. A.; ARUDI, R. S. Analysis of Horizontal Movements of Joints and Cracks in Portland Cement Concrete Pavements. In: Transportation Research Record nº 1392, pp. 43-52. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1993.
[16] GREER W.C..Evaluation of Strength Tests and Acceptance of Concrete Pavements. Proceedings: Fourth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Rehabilitation, Purdue University, 1989, pp. 375-383.
[17] NISHIZAWA, T.; SHIMENO, S; KOMATSUBARA, A.; KOYANAGAWA, M. Study on thermal stresses in continuously reinforced concrete pavement. In: Transportation Research Record nº 1629, TRB, pp. 99-107, Washington, D.C., 1989.
[18] Poblete , M., Valenzuela , R.; Salsilli R. Load transfer in undoweled transverse joints of PCC pavements. Transportation Research Record 1207, Washington, D. C, 1988.
[19] PITTMAN, D. W. Load transfer characteristics of roller-compacted concrete pavement joints and cracks. In: Transportation Research Record nº 1525, TRB, pp.01-09 Washington, D.C., 1996.
[20] Westergaard , H. M. Analysis of stresses in concrete pavements due to variations of temperature. In: Proceedings of the 6th Annual Meeting of the Highway Research Board, pp. 201-215, Washington, D.C., 1926.
[21] BALBO, J. T. Aplicação do método dos elementos finitos na avaliação estrutural de pavimentos rígidos rodoviários. Dissertação (Mestrado). Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo,1989.
[22] SPANGLER, M.G. Stresses in corner region of concrete pavements. Bulletin 157, Engineering Experiment Station, Iowa State College, Ames, 1942.
[23] ZOLLINGER, D. G. Curing and finishing concrete pavements. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Best Practices for Concrete Pavements. Brazilian Concrete Institute and International Society for Concrete Pavements, Recife, (Cd-rom), 2007.
[24] BALBO, J. T.; SEVERI, A. A. Thermal gradients in concrete pavements in tropical environment: an experimental appraisal. In: Transportation Research Record nº 1809, TRB, pp.12-22, Washington, D.C., 2002.
[25] HALL, K. T. Performance, Evaluation, and Rehabilitation of asphalt-overlaid concrete pavements. Ph.D. thesis. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1991.
[26] AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND OFFICIALS. Guide for design of pavement structures. Washington, D.C., 1993.
[27] KHAZANOVICH, L. Structural analysis of multi-layered concrete pavement systems. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. 1994.
[29] RODOLFO, M. P. Análise de tensões em pavimentos de concreto com base cimentada e sujeitos a gradientes térmicos. Dissertação (Mestrado), Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2001

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
19 Aug 2014
Date of issue
Aug 2011

History

Received
01 Mar 2010
Accepted
01 Mar 2011

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] [01] SHAHIN, M. Y. Use of the falling weight deflectometer for the non-destructive deflection testing of jointed concrete airfield pavements. In: Proceedings, 3rd International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Rehabilitation, Purdue University, pp. 549–556, 1985.

[2] [02] Pereira , D. S.; Balbo , J.T.; Khazanovich , L. Theoretical and field evaluation of interaction between ultra-thin whitetopping and existing asphalt pavement. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol.7, no. 4, pp. 251-260, 2006.

[3] [03] American Concrete Pavement Association . Effect of pavement surface type on fuel consumption. Skokie, 1989.

[4] [04] Prefeitura do Munic ípio de São Paulo . Dimensionamento de pavimentos de concreto. IP-07/2004, São Paulo, 2004.

[5] [05] PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION. Thickness design for concrete hightway and street pavements. EB109P, Skokie, 1984.

[6] [06] FRIBERG, B. F. Load and deflection characteristics of dowels in transverse joints of concrete pavements. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 105, pp. 140-161, 1938.

[7] [07] KHAZANOVICH, L. Execução de juntas e transferência de cargas em pisos de concreto: controvérsias e fatos reais. Tradução: José Tadeu Balbo. Revista Concreto & Construções, Instituto Brasileiro do Concreto, no. 45, ISSN 1809-7197, pp.15-18, São Paulo. 2007.

[8] [08] JACKSON, F.H.;ALLEN, H. (1948) Concrete pavements on the German autobahen. Journal of the American Concrete Institute, vol. 20, n. 4, pp. 933-976, Detroit.

[9] [09] RODRIGUES, L. F.; PINHEIRO, L. M.; GUINAMÃES, G. N. Joints in plain concrete pavements: an experimental study of load transfer mechanisms. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Best Practices for Concrete Pavements (Cd-rom), Brazilian Concrete Institute, Recife, 2007.

[10] [10] KHAZANOVICH, L.; GOTLIF, A. Evaluation Of joint and crack load transfer. Final Report, Federal Highway Administration, FHWA-RD-02-088, Washington, D.C., 2003.

[11] [11] COLLEY, B. E.; HUMPHREY, H. A. Entrosagem de Agregados em Juntas de Pavimentação de Concreto de Cimento Portland. 2º Simpósio sobre Pesquisas Rodoviárias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 1966.

[12] [12] VANDENBOSSCHE, J. M. Effects of slab temperature profiles on the use of falling weight deflectometer data to monitor joint performance and detect Voids. In: Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Compendium of papers (Cd-rom), Washington, D. C., 2007.

[13] [13] FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION. Pavement rehabilitation manual. FHWA-ED-88-025, Washington, D.C., 1990.

[14] [14] ZOLLINGER, D. G.; BARENBERG, E. J. A Mechanistic based design procedure for jointed concrete pavements. In: Proceedings, 4th International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Rehabilitation, Purdue University, pp. 75–97, 1989.

[15] [15] BODOCSI, A.; MINKARAH, I. A.; ARUDI, R. S. Analysis of Horizontal Movements of Joints and Cracks in Portland Cement Concrete Pavements. In: Transportation Research Record nº 1392, pp. 43-52. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1993.

[16] [16] GREER W.C..Evaluation of Strength Tests and Acceptance of Concrete Pavements. Proceedings: Fourth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Rehabilitation, Purdue University, 1989, pp. 375-383.

[17] [17] NISHIZAWA, T.; SHIMENO, S; KOMATSUBARA, A.; KOYANAGAWA, M. Study on thermal stresses in continuously reinforced concrete pavement. In: Transportation Research Record nº 1629, TRB, pp. 99-107, Washington, D.C., 1989.

[18] [18] Poblete , M., Valenzuela , R.; Salsilli R. Load transfer in undoweled transverse joints of PCC pavements. Transportation Research Record 1207, Washington, D. C, 1988.

[19] [19] PITTMAN, D. W. Load transfer characteristics of roller-compacted concrete pavement joints and cracks. In: Transportation Research Record nº 1525, TRB, pp.01-09 Washington, D.C., 1996.

[20] [20] Westergaard , H. M. Analysis of stresses in concrete pavements due to variations of temperature. In: Proceedings of the 6th Annual Meeting of the Highway Research Board, pp. 201-215, Washington, D.C., 1926.

[21] [21] BALBO, J. T. Aplicação do método dos elementos finitos na avaliação estrutural de pavimentos rígidos rodoviários. Dissertação (Mestrado). Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo,1989.

[22] [22] SPANGLER, M.G. Stresses in corner region of concrete pavements. Bulletin 157, Engineering Experiment Station, Iowa State College, Ames, 1942.

[23] [23] ZOLLINGER, D. G. Curing and finishing concrete pavements. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Best Practices for Concrete Pavements. Brazilian Concrete Institute and International Society for Concrete Pavements, Recife, (Cd-rom), 2007.

[24] [24] BALBO, J. T.; SEVERI, A. A. Thermal gradients in concrete pavements in tropical environment: an experimental appraisal. In: Transportation Research Record nº 1809, TRB, pp.12-22, Washington, D.C., 2002.

[25] [25] HALL, K. T. Performance, Evaluation, and Rehabilitation of asphalt-overlaid concrete pavements. Ph.D. thesis. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1991.

[26] [26] AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND OFFICIALS. Guide for design of pavement structures. Washington, D.C., 1993.

[27] [27] KHAZANOVICH, L. Structural analysis of multi-layered concrete pavement systems. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. 1994.

[29] [29] RODOLFO, M. P. Análise de tensões em pavimentos de concreto com base cimentada e sujeitos a gradientes térmicos. Dissertação (Mestrado), Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2001